aswanlirf son. 14. I51
Two Systems
Dr. Sidney Smith's appointment as Secretary of State for External Affairs points up the essential dif- ference between the American and Canadian systems of cabinet-making. In the United States the President chooses his departmental heads out- side the ranks of Congress. This gives him a wide choice. The whole United States is his field. Conse- quently. he can look for the best men--or those whom he considers the best men--unhampered by any political consideration whatsoever. His choice is not even limited to his own party. There have been Demo- crats in Republican administrations and Republicans in Democratic ad- ministrations on a number of oc- casions. Once appointed, they are responsible not to Congress, as in- dividuals, but to the President.
In Canada-and, of course, in all countries which follow the British tradition - cabinet ministers must be members of Parliament, which means that ordinarily the Prime Minister's choice is limited to a rela- tively small number of able men ( or women). He may, as he has done in this instance, go outside Parliament for a minister; but the man selected must as soon as possible thereafter gain a seat in the Commons. This can usually be arranged by making some sort of deal with an elected member-putting him in the Senate, for example, or giving him a judge- nhlp; but should the minister be de- feated in the ensuing by-election (this has happened in the past) there is bound to be embarrassment all around.
Doubtless, the Canadian practice is the more democratic of the two in a parliamentary sense. Whether It makes for more efficient govern- ment is a question that could be debated at length. One argument the Americans use in defending their system is that no man (or woman) can serve two masters, his depart- ment and his constituency, as Can- adian ministers are expected to do. The chief Canadian argument, of course, is that only a person elected by the people and therefore respon- sible to Parliament ought to be given executive responsibility.
Words In Season
There are those who feared that Prime Minister Diefenbaker was too outspoken in his address at Dart- mouth College, New Hampshire, last Saturday. In his first public appear- ance in the United States since his election to office, he referred bluntly to disagreements between the two countries that need solving. Specifi- ally he mentioned the inroads on Canada's wheat markets being made by the US. whcat surplus disposal program and the fact that many American-owned companies in Can- Ida don't sell shares to Canadians. The political implications of the lat- ur policy, he said, has created "an
.iltnngible sense of disquiet." Sixty jar cent of Canada's main manu-
KC3)rlng industries and a larger ion of her mine and oil pro- are owned and controlled by States interests. The Prime dealt as well with the his- epiritual and geographic ties bind and unite us as neigh- lnlt his main point was the need of removing causes of ” t t.
J words have been well re- Th prenldent of Dartmouth H . them "the straight-
noun:-u &
to a sobering indictment coming from one who is clearly a champion of Canadian-United States unity. It behooves us to consider these com- plaints and to co-operate earnestly
to diminish their basis . . . They,
are not unreasonable suggestions, and Mr. Diefenbaker's spirit of can- dor and willingness to seek mutually satisfactory solutions provides a set- ting for ironing out present irritants. Certainly the least we can do is to reply to Mr. Diefenbaker in the same spirit and to take the action needed to improve the situation."
In the circumstances, Washing- ton cannot fail to hear. As the Ot- tawa Journal remarks, the best thing about the speech is that it is bound to penetrate to Congress, get to the legislators who are really responsible for this bad business of dumping U.S. surplus wheat regard- less of its effect upon a friendly ally and neighbor, and who write those tariff schedules and quotas and other trade laws and restrictions which affect so gravely the international trade of Canada.
Shipping Tolls
When the St. Lawrence Seaway project was decided on it was agreed by both the United States' and Can- adian Governments that shipping tolls would be levied in such a way as to provide for operating costs and amortize its capital outlay of S460 million in fifty years.
It now appears that shipping in- terests in the Great Lakes area are not satisfied with this arrangement. Some of them would prefer no tolls at all: but, since this is, presumably, out of the question, they are advo- cating a low scale in order to attract traffic to the waterway. A public hearing on this question is now be- ing held in Washington. Other hear- ings, including one to be held in Ottawa, are planned for later in the fall.
Shipping firms in Atlantic ports are in favour of making the tolls high enough to carry out the amort- ization process as originally planned or even higher, so that their own business may not be affected too adversely by the new waterway. This certainly is the more reasonable view of the two. After all, the seaports will still have to look after shipping in the winter months; and it is only fair that they should receive some consideration in the ice-free periods.
EDITORIAL NOTES
Mr. Heath Macquarrie, MP. will make a first class parliamentary observer at the United Nations As- sembly, and his appointment in this capacity will be learned with great satisfaction here.
I I I
We could all profit by considering the "seven deadly sins of modern society", as suggested in "Social Welfare", a magazine for youth pub- llehed in Malaya: Worship without sacrifice, politics without principle, wealth without work, pleasure with- out conscience, knowledge without character, business without morality and science without humanity.
I I I
Defence Minister Erasmus of
South Africa is reported to have told
British Government authorities that E
"Africa is wide open to Communist penetration." If that is so, it is un- fortunate: and the Government of South Africa, with its unreasonlng and cruel policy of racial persecu-
tion. must take a good deal of the K
blame for it. I I I
In Vienna, an outraged wife has persuaded a Court to accept tele- vision as a reliable witness in a case against her errlng husband. The latter told his wife he would'be home late as he had to attend an important meeting. She invited friends to spend the evening at her borne watching television. As they watched the night club show, the camera switched to the audience.
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they win visit minim centres from Dell Island Newfoundland, to Klthllt. EC. 'l'he tour is expected ed semooo, one-quarter of wll come from the Federal the Governments of
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SEE YOU AROUND NEXT APRIL!
I Bedouin of the tribe, a shepherd living north- west of the Dead Sea,'while looking for a stray kid, entered a lrottn in the cliffs and came -across a pile of scrolls covered with writing. Since then the 'Ma- lluscripts of the Dead Sea" have never ceased to be the sub- ject of articles. The localization of the grotto, the reading of the texts and the identification of their authors have been so many enigmns which. one after the other, have given rile to discus- sions. In addition, public curios- ity has been excited by the very mysterious way in which part of the manuscripts left "alestine and suddenly turned up in the United States.
is the discussion about these document going to receive a fresh stimulus? Last year the de- bate was centred round the l- dcntity of a personage mention- ed in the Manuscripts: the Chief Justlcler." Certain people saw in him a prefiguration of Christ, a theory which was vigorously attacked by many scholars and not only by those who were Christians. However, today what in in question is quile different: a theory has been elaborated which is so new and so revol - tlonary that, if it is admitted. it will bring toppling down all the fine scaffolding of the hy- potheses laboriously built up dur- lag the last ten years. This thesis has been launched by a French writer of Venetian origin, If. L. del Medlco, in a book entitled, "L'Enlgme des Manuscripts de la Mer Morte" (The Enigma of the Manuscripts of the Dead Seal. What is it about? ACCEPTED IIYPTIIOEIIS
The phpotheale which has been more or lean accepted by the ma-
Ttle chief export of Eire is men and women, not goods. This is a lid state of affairs for the Emerald isle, even though we and Canada and. above
Ireland has been losing popula-
of emigration has increased
that Scotland had to face for gen- erations. An adventurous. intelli- .gent people Is not going to stay at home if doing so means lack of opportunity for work and ad- vancement.
7 5 3 n 9 E 3
annual emigration rate was be- per Lm of pepnlatlon. la the first the poet-
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sharply in the last decade. This: is a reflection of a bad econo l and women. to make them want mic situation, the same problem l
Reassessing Dead Sea Scrolls V
French Government Information service
Almost exactly ten years ago. i iority of historians and arche- Taamire's I ologists can be summed up in a
few words. The manusc lye! dis- covered in the grotto of Ain Fesbka, and subsequently in oth- er neighbouring grottos. formed the library of a Jewish religious community at about the time of the Christian era. They had ee- tnbiiahed themselves in the soil- tude of the desert in order to pray in peace. The monastery of this community has indeed been discovered: the ruins of Khlrbel Qumran. a kilometer a- way from the grotto where the discoveries were made. It was excavated by the Bible School of Jerusalem.
It seemed possible to give the following historical scenario; the monks of Qumran left their mon- astery In the year 68 of our era. when the Tenth Roman Legion, led by Titus, was campaigning in the region during the Jewish War. Before fleeing they left their books in the grottoe. hoping to find them again later on. Could those monk: be identified? The arcbeologlets and the historians thought they could. They were the Essence. a Jewish uct men- tioned by anclen authors such an Flavlue Joseph. Pliny the Youn- ger and Phllo of Alexandria. By comparing the tests of the man- uscrlpts with the descriptions given by the writers. the arche-
' i thought they had found the correct solution to the pro- blem. The monks of Qumran were the Essence.
IIAI NEW THEORY... .. When one has read the book written by ll. L. del Medlco. nothing remains of this harmon- loue edifice. For him. the Es- aenes never existedsfhey were invented by the Jewish chroni- cler, Hnvius Joseph. and Pliny and Pbllo. who had never set
"The Vanishing lrish;'
Ned Yerk'Hmee
The most hopeful development is the effort to attract foreign
;and domestic capital investment T to build up industries. lreland all, 1 has always been a predominant. Great Britain. can truly say that A is alrlcultural island. but in pree- what is lreland'a ions is our gain. I eat clrcumetanc
this spell! po- verty and poverty means emigra-
tion for a long time. but the rate , tion.
The time seems to have come for Ireland to hoard her men
to stay and contribute their lives and their work to their own coun- try.
Arab Refugees
John leall. C.
it is clear that Syria's pro- sovln moves have virtually killed the West's faint hopes of
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foot in Palestine. added to the legend. The ruins of Khlrbel Qumran are not those of a mon- astery but those of a small aban- doned Jewish fort, momentarily used by a potter and near which, quite by chance. was a ceme- tery. The manuscripts do not date, II was thought, from be- fore the tune of Christ. They were subsequent to him. and this explains the connections be- tween them and Christianity. They were not hidden during the Jewish war because they were valuable religious possession. On the contrary, the socalled hid- ing places were ghemuh. burial grounds for defective works, those which were out of date or unsound. because the Rabbinical rules forbade men to destroy re ligioue books. it is thus clear that. on every point. H. L del Medico differs from all that has until now been ploposed by the most qualified scholars who have ex- amined the question NOTED ICIIOLAR
Monsieur del Medico. is. how- ever, a schola , an -,-cheologi t who has already proved his worth. one of the men who do- clpherad the Hittite tablets and the editor of the "Canaanite Bl- ble," discovered by him in the tablets of Ram shamrn. l-Ila the- sis is based on very convincing arguments. One only has to need the chapter in which he analyses the description of Flav- iue Joseph. Pliny and Phllo in cder to show us how these three authors invented the Essence. ,!lls demonstration is impressive. There in no doubt that men as qualified as himself will reply to his argument: Father Danlelou, who is himself about to publish a book on the subject fin which he Idmits the Essence hypothes- is-. has already announced that he will reply to H. L. del Medicn
We, who are only passionately interested spectators, will have to consider. at the end of the ” ' the different theses offered to us by the specialist: in order to make up our minds. But is there not something as- T ' satisfactory for the mind and comforting for the heart in the fact that, in spite of the many causes for i A to be found in our troubled century. great men are confronting their views on such a subject. and that the man in the street is following the debate with such keen interest
January
Earlier in the year some offic- inls were fairly optimistic about prospects that some new latene- slonnl plan could be workgd out to find permanent home: for the refugees as a major step toward lllddle East peace. This view was based on a feeling that Jor- III. IPN. Lebanon and land! Ar- abia tnlgbl adopt a more reason- able attitude.
B-Never. lswfl President
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Now I'm not saying that you or your children will be able to read twice as fast by following these simple suggestions. but it will improve your reading ability a great deal.
Therefore you and your chil- dren should:
1. Have an eye examination to correct any visual errors. LEARN TO READ FAST
I. Make a firm resolution to read faster. Determination alone can accomplish a lot.
3. Learn to read a whole phrase or even an entire sentence at a glance. The fewer times the eye pauses. the higher your reading speed will be. Read newspaper columns in as large an eyeful as possible. Three or four pauses per line are cons' - and good. More than four
poor. . stabllah a quick rhythm in moving your eyes across the page. Be sure they automatical- ly progress to the next line o n the return trip. Not only will this increase reading speed. it also will reduce eye fatigue.
5. Cut down on the numbe of tines yoii have to go back and pick up something you didn't ful. ly take 'h. The will to concen- rate will be very helpful here. MOVE YOUR EYES
6. Move only your eyes when you read. if you move your head and neck you will-soon become tired and be less able to concen-
ate.
1. Read at a faster rate than is comfortable at first to force yourself to read without moving your lips or sounding the words. To help break a habit of reading aloud. chew gum or hold a pen- cil between your teeth as you read.
I. Don't use pencils. rulers or cards to keep your place while reading. Unless you have a spe- clal focusing ye ” . lhil ll I needless weakness.
These suggestions are design- e- not only to increase your reading speed but comprehen- sion as well. They are well worth trying.
QUESTION AND ANSWER
S.J.: What causes a dropllllll of the bladder in women?
Answer: a very common cause. in childbirth. During childbirth. the ' I h a t hold the ” ” uv my b weakened. This usually can be corrected by surgery.
MAXIMS
Dea'l knock your competitors. Iy beeetlag others you will boost yen:-self. A little competition in a bleulng. Thank God for teen- petlslen.
QILDI-IN ON IWINGI
They curved an infant wind up the green stem
Of their earth's flower, uplifting to the sky.
That lid they knew was lower- ing to them,
which they might open when old. and swinging high.
when grown limbs longer reach- ed to touch earth's cover
And nine: they knew all action lay behind
That. even when these small, filled years were over.
Would stay as lncolnpletlon in the mind.
Then bodies must achieve what
Which. thmnsh an might give arcs more height to crave la,
Would always pull them down just short of heaven.
-Robert lelss In the New Yuk Tlrnee.
OUR YESTERDAYS
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Province of Prince Edward island
Department of Highways
TRUCK HAUL
RATES
Notice is hereby given that effective l5f September I957, rates for fruckhnul now in use by the Department of Highways on a yard-mile basis are amended by increasing the rate for the first mile from I I: per cubic yard to l5c per cubic yard.
J. 6. Mat-:l(AY. ,
Minister of Highways.
srom WARNINGS
Destructive windet the weather advice. and wamlns. substantially
damaged
and will be
..- can frequultly be predicted in some seven no:-me come without built propcttaa have been. can be.
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The Supplemental Out:-net added on we policy hi-
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HYNDMAN a co. LTD.
Offices:
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Rake In no Dollars!
up to new no one ever heard of Ir. Gluck.-Toronto Telegram