NOVEMBER Z, 1935 t

‘QWALITY THE s1.

Digestive Disturbances! Responsible For Most Fatalities Among Foxes

Dr. Smith Deals With A Subject Of Great importance To Fox Ranchers

Iy G. ENNIS SMITH, l

lgperlntendant, amt-mental For Lunch, Summeraide, P. E. I.

we proper digestion oi the iood is one of the most important factors in raising silver foxes in captivity, 1i the stomach and in- mtlnes can be kept in a normal

ndltion, favourable fur and breeding developments will ioilow. Uniortunately, there are many sick foxes throughout the industry due to digestive disturbances. many oi which lead to fatal results or u» a chronic condition in the stomach and intestines that aiiect to an alarming extent the iur and breed- ing qualities oi the foxes.

Oi all the fatalities referred to the Experimental Fox Ranch dur- ing these last two years, the fatal- itbs resulting from digestive dis- turbances have utnumbered those from all other causes combined nearly ten to one. Last year I vis- itcd s ranch in New Brunswick that has lost over thirty pups through bloating the previous day. Those pups alter being ied lay down on the board floors, bloated. the stomach cavity burst, shooting the contents oi the stomach across tho pen. as the rancher stated his pups had "blown out". During July, August and September oi this year, in many weeks we had three to iour reports daily irom diiierent iox breeders both on the Mainland and on the Island, who were losing from one to nve foxes. During the particularly hot spell we were de- luged with reports oi outbreaks oi diarrhoea, and in the majority oi the calves that I investigated, the diarrhoea was the result oi an in-

number oi fatalities reported to this ranch through bloating and other digesti disturbances, which have been a very serious loss to fox breeders, yet it is very prob- able that there is still a greater loss through minor digestive dis- turbances that do not lead directly to fatal results. but do materially affect the iur and breeding qual- ities oi the foxes. This last month I made a tour oi New Brunswick and came in contact with fox breeders who had reported losses oi both adult foxes and pups through bloating. In the ranch where they had lost thirty pups in one day last yes-rythey informed me that they had fed along the same lines as last year, but had rigidly followed my recommenda- tions and they had not had the slightest sign oi that trouble this year. Other fox breeders who had lost ilve and six and more foxes this year Informed me that since following my rev mmend , everything was flne and they had no recurrence oi the trouble.

Two Serious Conditions

In our experimental work, espec- ially in the experiments where high cereal rations were being fed. we had to contend with two very serious conditions: First some oi the ioxes were dying through bloat- ing and secondly s. large quantity oi digested cereal iood was pes- sing out in the ieces. It was iound that when suitable roughages were added to the rations there was a complete digestion oi the cereals and there was no sign whatever oi bloating. It. has been the general practice in the Experimental Fox

complete digestion oi the food. While we have had s very alanning

Ranch to add one-quarter oi an ounce oi bran, one-quarter oi an

out obligation.

llYliDllMl &

Offices-Lower

Contain ingredlen which tends to

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FOX CUBES

the dog and vixen ior stronger mating,

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MATING

ts which help prepare

slstency. Many iox breeders are oi "the opinion that when meat is

equivalent roughage at each meal to all the foxes in the ranch. Since adopting that practice we have had no occurrence of blontlnl during the summer months and there has been no sign oi diarrhoea with either adult foxes or pups. Therefore. We have been in a posi- tion, when fox breeders distressed with diarrhoea and bloatiu! amongst their fond, have visited the ranch, to show them the feces of the pups in the ranch and dur- ing the summer the feces of the ioxes have been examined, ii not daily, at least several times each week by diiierent fox ‘ ‘ who have been visiting the ranch, and the results have been so successful that we have not had any sign whatever oi any diarrhoea or an incomplete digestion of the food.

Necessary to Digestion

To have complete digestion of the food it is very necessary that it should be porous to the digestive juices. When starch is digested it is converted into a. soluble sugar so that it can pass from the alimiant- ary canal into the circulatory sys- tem, and therefore. it is liable to iorm a slime around the food. A similar condition arises with the digestion oi meat and other pro- teins. They are reduced to amino- aclds which have a glue-like con-

mixed with the cereals they are adding so much roughage. whilst as a matter of isct it is the exact opposite and tends to form a sticky mass which retards the permeation ci the digestive juices. In a very large percentage. oi the fatalities from bloating, the fox breeders have been feeding a mixture oi meat and cereals. While it is im- perative that this mixture should be ied, and ranching under pres- ent-day conditions it cannot be avoided, still it is very imperative that s. suitable roughage should be added to a mixture of meat and cereals and iox breeders should not " meat as a roushage.

In a. large number of the post mortcm examinations oi foxes that have died through bloating, ex- cessive amounts ot water has been found in the stomach, and in many cases fox breeders have stated that they had added water to the iood

before it was ied. This is a most unwise practice, and fox breeders] should avoid as far as possible. adding water to the iood, especially , uncooked iood. ‘rho iood should‘ be in such a condition that it will be mastlcatcd by the foxes, in order to have a prqaer flow oi the saliva. The more saliva in the iood, the better will be the diges- tion and the healthier the condi- tion oi the stomach. In Great Britain there is a school of scien- tists that advocate "Fletcherlsm" —-4:.hew the iood thirty times before swallowing. Under conditions liable to induce bloating, it is s very dangerous practice to add water to the iood, as the iood being already saturated when entering the stom- ach. inhibiis tc some extent the saturation oi the iood by the di- gestlve Juices, under which condi- tion it is liable to ferment in the stomach producing bloating. Other fox breeders that have lost foxes through fatalities have watched their foxes immediately after iced- ing. Foxes should be watered at that time oi the day most remote from the time oi feeding.

law Cereal Iationa

In the tsl N: Ranch groups oi foaea have been fed raw cereal rations for a. period oi four and five years, and throughout the whole period there has been a complete digestion oi the cereals with t any evidence oi any un- dige iood in the fseoes. A num- ber oi fox breeders have reported to the ental !bx Itasach and others throum diiierent publi-

produce better and

stronger pups. Contains such ingred- ients as Wheat Germ, Soy Bean Meal, Meat and Bone Meal, Dried Blood, etc, which are essential ior good matings.

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Silver Fox Felting

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_, G. R. lltlacQuarrie

Summer-side, P. E. l-

cations, that a row cereal ration could not be fed on account oi the iact that it passed through in an undigested state. As s. complete di- gestion oi raw cereals has consist- ently been maintained in the Ix- perimentsl Iox Ranch. it would appear that it was nothing more than blind stupidity on the part of the iox breeders that raw cereal rations were not digestible. But it appears probable they were not following the conditions as prac- ticed in the Expulmental lib: Ranch. It has been our practice, except when porridge has been ied, to mix s supply 0i the cereal ioods for one month or two months ahead, which is kept in s separate bin and one bin has been in con- tinuous use for this purpose (or over eight years.

Yeast Inallcerealioodsandiniioods

in general there are various forms oi yeast and moulds. and ii water

should be added to them. they will readily ferment, particularly in a warm room. Practically every bakery throughout the North Am- erican Continent is supplied with ireah yeast daily. It would be quite possible ior them to make the yeast themselves, but flour contains so many other iorma oi yeast that the bakers have found from s common experience that they cannot aflord to so two dayaelasthoyarviiable to have a wild culture in the yeast. lines, makers have initiated s daily service to barns. Ibo!

{THIS (JIMRLUYTETOWN GUARDIAN

CAN IN PEL T PR DUCTIO

Four Prominent Foxmen of Charlottetown

Al’

COL. W. CHESTER. B. McLURE

MR. HARRY CUDMOWI

MR. ROY L. McLURE

fox breeders, aiter feeding a cer- tain brand oi iox food without en- counteringany trouble, will sud- denly have disastrous results with a new supply. In the majority oi the cases irom bloating, the fox breeders have been feeding the same rations previously. Undoubt- edly. ln the various foods that are sold to fox ranchers there is a wide variety of yeast and moulds, the majority of these are harmless: probably many oi them are real assets. A creamer-y in western On- tario gained a wide reputation ior high class butter they were pro- ducing, but their buildings were in an abominably dirty condition.

|-|ow MANY rox

PUPS?

Dammit: season is a: liand and’ low is the time to think about Ilse number of pupa per litter -—‘ ‘ now when it is possible to lu- Iluenee also also of the litter through care and dict.

What type of ration is best for Ilse breeders at this season? The ration that is nutritious, varied, palatable and balanced. The ra- Iion that baa llexlse Cereal Fox Heal for the supplement to meat.

Heaite Fox Meafioulaina wheat-germ, alfalfa ‘leaf meal, sneal and bone scraps, dried skim milk, and lodised sail In addi- llou Io its fine eercalsu There's variety, an abundance of needed Iutrleuls, and the over necessary vitamins (especially the repro- ductive vitamin E). There's s

' balance for meat. _Foed Hexlie now. Send for [lrlce folder. Address Tlin Dominion Silver Fox Furs, Ltd" Sumner-pliant. E- l-

They decided to clean out their es- tablishment. All their equipment was thoroughly scoured and clean- ed. and the building painted throughout, but they could never produce the same high class butter they had produced previously. Some culture that was rampant had been lost or destroyed in the general clean-up,

. PAGE

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R-M CUBES FOR auizumias nlny be used as an emergency fceil or for Simrlay feeding.

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