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5PM"? FOUR...

THE - CHARLOTTE

TOWN JQQARDIAN

TIIE D IIAR LDTTETDWN GUARDIAN

ltloriiuig Daily (Founded II: I887)

Prc iureiit. IJifilL-COI. W. Cheater l. Mel-urn Vlcefresident. J- R. Burnett, IJJ. lflrrfllry. Lii-uL-Coi D. A. MucKlnnois, 0.5.0. Idltoe and IIIHIIZIEIII Director. J. B. Burnett, IJJ. r SOPIJIC Editor, Frank Walker. SUBSPIVPTION RATES 85.00 per vcar (in advance) ieliveri to city 04.00 per rear I . advance) ruullerl to P I Island

05.00 per vi-nr (In advance) mailed to Canada and [L8- Mi-mbers Auiiit Bureau of Clrculutionl

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker than the Weakest Ink.”

DAY, APRIL l, 194D-

TIIYII

Our New Governor General

Annoiii "Wrflt appears elsewhere in today's

Issue oi t‘. izxncnt of the Earl of Athloire, biotin-r r z i" '1 .\l.'li‘y and former Governor Gcizcizil v1 Africa, to the position of Gov- ernor" rim . Uf Liiiuada in succession to the lure I.<ll'\l w ll Iutuir.

Tlirre is l qiiizsiioii that this appointment will n: xix‘: r-iuhusiastic approval throughout the l>. "i I*\:(‘I)' connected with the Royal Family, ' mine is also distinguished u l

nc-‘mnn, and will ably maintain :2.» of his predecessors as His 'r‘~i'l‘ililll\l€ in Canada. Noted in <k<~icli is the fact that he l|d ’ippr'iinlCi'l our Governor Gen- oi zhr- first Great War, but . ». iii-twirl with the British Army ‘ w cirnflict. inc, accompanied by the Princess .5 of Athlone, is expected to leave i in mo or three weeks’ time. It is - ' w- tEiit the rcercmony of instal- coiiiprvied before the next session n Slay, and that his first official

lil\(‘lt' liiiiou Of l’.i:'

dutv ‘ f‘ 1Y1 c‘ wtcction with the formal open- ing. ln ';!"llilC there ‘will be the keenest iuicrr <1 . .. in the plans for Their Excellen- cics‘ 11in" z -n to our shores.

The Future Of The "Y"- ___

A

Recently- it was intimated that unless s sum appioxiiiiiiiizig $5,000 was subscribed before the end of .\l;irch, the “Y” would close its doors, rioiivirliszaiziliiig that it is the oldest institution of the kind on llil‘. American continent. A num- ber ui gnu-owns citizens, having the interests of the riszvq iy-iirrrtiiiin at heart, immediately re- sponded to a private appeal to save the “Y’, and now onlv a fcw hundreds are required to make

the “k ‘if? for our young democrats. But one of the pr: ;.l subscriptions, for $500, is con- ditionzil i: the whole of the sum necessary

being snii~c ‘red. The Directors are naturally anxious to ir-cure this donation, and are endeav- ouring lwiore the end of the week to gain their

olijvczire. i‘- a -— " .3.

A Deathless Year

Tuesday, March 26, was not only memorable polvically ‘mi it was also a red letter day in the field oi a‘ KiPnIMJITZIIIFIH, for it was exactly twelve Illil‘. .5 since an accident occurred in- volving draih to a member of the crew or pas- senger of any scheduled air-transportation op- eration 0n this continent.

'l‘-.vc‘.ve nionihs without a single fatal acci- dent is an amazing record for any transporta- tion system. It is perhaps the more remarkable 0o far as passage by air is concerned, since air travel is still in its infan and the men who pilot the planes have not t e long years of ex- perience behind them which other forms of transportation enjoy.

It is probably because misadventure by plane h generally spectacular that it commands front page space in the newspapers. Accidents in which private planes are involved and for which inexperienced pilots are generally responsible have no doubt created s distrust of sir trans- port in many minds. Yet thousands are killed every year on the roads and never a month goes py iviihout a railway accident taking its toll of ‘IVCQ.

The record of carrying 2,028,000 passengers during a. year Witlimlt s single fatal accident should do something to dispel this wholly un- YICPPQWITY anxiety. During the year pilots on regailur w? dulril flights have travelled 87,- 32511; niiir-r iihEch is tantamount to one man travrlhieg noiwtop for 700 years.

The rr-corl is a fine tribute t0 the prudence,

' in nrd the skill of the men who fly the uinr M1 7ll"l to the ground crews who tune them up Y’) =u~li a high pitch of efficiency that the 1'i--ii of .1 r1 ‘writ is brought to a minimum.

Parliamentary Efficiency

1....

From a srrwiurgly partisan Liberal newspaper,

the llniwnu l lirri: Press, comes the compari- son iii ti» i 'iit~i‘l\"lil\'(£ Party today in Canada with tlv- llniiirrrtic l'.'irty in the United States llillUWill" ti» d liXlff of i928. In that election

[I12 "any! siiuli" of Democratic votes was broki-n .111‘. lli.- ]i.ll'l_\' decimated. But the sud- rlru Iulwirl oi tlri- great depression, the neces- sity to fzirr- ili‘\\' i<-ucs in new ways, and the

Cfillililiiillliril iii ihr-sr: factors with bold, vigorous

lcziilci i?! ti-iill‘ tilgctlier to sweep the Dem- ocrut. l ii i-iiw r in i932. “It may well be," any; liil‘ ll-' Prvss, “that the Conservative parlv nus.‘ i..'i. ind such an opportunity, It is fziir-rl to "lllui-llllill during the war. But all \\i'll\ c"ii (‘\'_ . urilly and the fate of most power- ful iuiiziuir- ovcrnmeuts is an historic fact in lii{ill_\' coir... <. Ilcrc lics the great opportunity oi L-iiiuu-ii (‘ouwri-ativcs; and it will be the iii». ‘i- v: ~h oi l‘\'<‘t‘y student of public affairs in this (wuntry tlizit il \vill find the ways and

iii

». .~Ir.'il<-gv and leadership which will ' i» its triirliiioiial position of influence

~.~ pm; contemporary, in another re- sin Ms" that i\lr. King, with his vast i ii ‘llI him, "might consider how he i- to <vrcngtlicn the opposition upon '1“ l'_"lil'i_"I his own Government may ui-Y I! -» i ' lhv turn-s. it cautions, are ab- normal. uiul such a scheme would meet "ycry

l

great favor among the mass of the people who do not give a continental about the ultimate fate of political parties, but care with desperate urgency about the conilnct 0f the war."

Another Sliggralitlii lilllilll by the Free Press is that Parlianiiuiu should, during the war, meet more frequently llllii) in times of peace, In normal days the main business of government can be reasonably packed into one long session of Parliament. In mirtinie, however, day after day throughout the whole your important de- cisions have to be miiile and the expenditure of enormous sums of money decided. The lavish use of orders-in-coiuicil for such purposes is criticised as undesirable. Parliament, it is sug- gested, might nicer for two months, adjourn for two months or for a shorter period, and then meet again. In this way the development of our war effort could be submitted, not to a sin- gle session of review, but to a. semi-continuous audit. '

These and other statements that could be quoted indicate that the more responsible Lib- eral newspapers are becoming seriously concern- ed at the prospect of the Government's topheavy majority in the llouse of Commons, They are seeing trouble ahead if the Government ac- cepts the election results merely as an indorsa- non of its record, and are plllClllg emphagig on the very special responsibilities entailed in the new mandate received.

- EDITORIAL NOTES —

"QIIVCYDGOILISHIIIDTIICG this date, I774. “But “inter lingering chills the lap of May." ‘F W‘ N‘ l‘

0'11)’ 41 P" will 0f the snlrlicrs’ vote went in support of .\_lr. Alzickcnzie lung, a sure indica- tion that active, fighting Canadians were di5_ satisfied with how things were going.

n- r m n-

The Canadian Press is entirely wrong in claiming that a preccrlcnr was broken when the King gave pernnsison to some 50 wives, sisters, mothers and (laughters, to attend a. ceremony at Buckingham Palace at which their meufolk were (lecoratcd for ‘gallantry m the \\':ir_ It happened ‘repcatrrllyr in the lust war, and (here are ihosenn this Province who received and still ‘possess command" invitations i0 attend such functions when the Military Cross and other AICCQTGIIOTI! wen‘: bestowed by the then King in the Throne boom ot the Palace.

a x m n-

The address in reply to the Lieutenant-Gov- ernors speech luivuig bceii disposed of, interest m the Legislature will hrnccforth be centred largely in the Builgirt (IUIILIIC. The outstanding feature of the proceedings s0 f,“- was rile ad. mission by the Premier, in cross examination by Dr. lllacMillan, that he hiid insulted the King's IFPTQSQTIYHUYe by jiririnittiug him to leave" his of- fice without answering a tlUCSIIOII Hi5 Honour h8g1 put lOwllllll ilircci. _.~\uoiliei~ incident was w en l\lr. bpezilcci" loo broil-nu,“ on bcmg told by Dr. ‘DIZICAIIIIZIH that lns elevation deprived the Lc8l§lfm\1"@ Oi a good criticof the Govern- merit. Mr. _Spczikcr did not like that. Then 383F153“. Speaker and the Premier showed their ignorance of the rulcs of parliament and lack of acquaintance with Bourinot, when the Leader of the Opposition drew tilt-i;- attention to the fact that it is a brczicli for any member to read his speech, as was done bv both the mov- er and SCLIOIKICI‘ of the address: The Qgvem. ment had been so long without opposition that they had come to think they could do as they liked irrespective of rules, precendents, etc,

n a n- w

Tl” Iollmvillg {F0111 “The Canada-West In- dies lllagazine", speaks for itself: “In 1 ease heard before the British Guiana Court of AP. pcal recently, the Chief justice presiding “a; a West Indian and was assisted by one English and two West Indian Judges. The case pre- VIQUSIY had passed through a lower court in whlch ti" lllagislrate was of Chinese extraction. The lawyer for the plaintiff in this lower court had been born in Guiana 0f Indian descent, the lawyer for the defence had been born in Guiana of Portugusese descent and to complete the m5- mopolitanism of this legal melange two of the witnesses were doctors of African ancestry. In such examples as this lies the strength of Bri- tish justice and colonial administration which impartial commentators have held up s0 Qfrm as s pattern to other nations of the wm-]d_ Some pf the finest jurists who have graced the bench in the ‘lvestdnrlies have been with African blood in their veins. lurked, 0m would have to go far to find any jurist who so held the res. P¢¢t 0f his fellowmen of all races, for his im- partiality, dignity, profound knowledge of law and grace of speech a: the late Hector Josephs, Attorney General of British Guiana, a nativc son of Jamaica whose name is and always will be revered in the islands. In what other coun- try of the world would such things be possible?"

a u a a C"

_Ufl<lcr the direction of the new Export Coun- cil of twelve experts, Britain's drive to capture Germfmifi markets, rcrlucc licr supplies, cut off her sources of currency, and generally strangle her trade and at the same time find new export markets to {ray for the rapidly increasing im- ports of foodstuffs and war material i5 getting rapidlyhmrlnruriy. Employers and trade or- ganizations will co-opcrate with a great army of industrialists. The small manufacturers have combined to take rm important part. According to_ The London Daily .\l:iil tlicy were dissatisfied with the share in war orders they were getting and formed thvnisclvcs into ri federation ivhiel-i C0lii1t5 70o members, representing $100,000,000 caPlml "ml 500-000 employees. The Export Council, of which Sir Anrlrciv Duncan, presi- dcnbof llic llozirrl of 'l‘rzulc, i; chairman and M; R- b. Iltulson, sccrclary of the Department of Ovfifsffls Trade. is vice chairman, is offering new iudnccmviits to manufacturers in extended “PM! Crrrliis. lu umny crises tluzv will be ask- cd to pfifil their l'-‘<iilll'('(‘< of machinery and man- power to speed up production and cut out petty and timc-ivnsting competition. Groups of firms \VlII send super-salesmen all ziroiuirl the world. T0 53W lime fllirl expense they will scll not one commodity but nuurv. Firms will choose them for their spvfinl driiv. um and knowledge of

languages, and oliilYC their services. ~ xi

NOTES BY TIIE WAY

Britain ls offering $4.450 for information leading to the des- truction of a German warship. ThIs helps neutrals decide on tue finer points of international Law.- London Free Press.

We have u, pretty clear notion of what the Africans are feeling about the present German Govern- ment and its chief. One of the most. surprising results of the war has been the rush of the Africans to the French Colours. "What," asks M. Mandel, the French Colo- nial Minister, "is the profound ex- planation of this prodigious crus- ade? It is because the native pop- ulations have been 10m: aware that our country, which has brought, them security and justice, knows no religious or racial distinctions between man and man, and than, after having improved their lot. it. labours to incorporate them into tho national life. As against this the native populations are aware that the German propaganda is founded upon a conception of rac- ial superiority. It is the chief of the Reich himself who, in the master-book in which he has formulated his program, has treated the Negfoes as half- monkey; accused of ‘criminal folly’ governments of the white race who have "srnned," he says. "against the creator‘ 1n according them political rights. From that moment, how could Negroes not feel themselves directly menaoed by the colonial claims of Germany? Meditate upon this fact of high importance: the peoples of the black race con- sider that the victorv of Germauv would expose them to the greatest. peril which they have encountered since the abolition of slavcnv." - 1-1. A. L. Fisher 1n The Fortnightly (London).

A considerable number of the German magnetic mines have now been recovered and examined by our experts. and I am permitted to make public some of the ilctriils of their construction. The mine is pear-shaped and can bc laid cltii- er by suL-narine or from a sm- piane by parachute. It weighs coin- ulete about 1.500 lbs. and as the practicable icad of most G'9‘i'.*i‘l1‘1 seapianes does not exceed 3.100 pounds, only two of the mines can be transported by air on any one trip as against the 30 or 40 that form the cargo in a submarine- minelayer. The explosive used is a weliknown compound similar to that used by us and is not some- thing secret. of exceptional power. The amount used in cncli mine Ls about 700 pounds. The principle on which it works may be briefly, and non-technically. explained thus. A magnetic "needle" inside the mine ls held in a horizontal position ‘Jy springs no matter nt Wlliil} ancic the container may be lying on the seabed. A ship passing directly over the mine attracts one end of this needle upwards, and the opposite end dips until it touches an elec- trical contact, and so completes a circuit which fires the mine This makes it quite clear that it is not. as many people have sup- posed, the whole mine which 1s lifted from the sea-bed by inns- netic attraction to hit against the hull of the ship. The miigrritzc field set up by the hull of the shin affects only the actuntlnt: needle inside the mine, The castinz of the mine is made of aluminium. and all the parts, are naturally. made of non-magnetic material. There Ls much drama 1n the story of the recovery of the first example which our experts were able to dissect. 0n the night of November 22 artiiiorymcn at Shoeburyness saw a German sca- plane drop two objects attached to

arachutes, which fell near the ow-watier line on the fozeshote. The Admiralty was at. once ad- vised, and menoe an urgent order was sent. to the experts at. the Mining School at Portsmouth for them to get. to Shoeburyn-ess at. once. Meantime a naval officer from Southend took a photographer along the foreshore as the tide fell, and at a respectful distance flash- light picture were taken of the mine. By 4.30 a.m.—slx hours after the first ‘phone call-the pa..ty from Portsmouth arrived and set to work. The took their lives in their hands, or they might eastiv have touched off the mine by some accidental movement, and a week or two later the Kim: decorated all five of them for their bravery The first thing was to anchor tne mine so that 1t should not move

t-h the rising tide. Then they made aper rubblngs of some of the ex rnai fittings in order to have tools made that would un- fasten the nuts and bolts. By that time it was again low water. soon after midday Shoieburyness exper- lmental department had produced the improved tools. all made of non-magnetic material, and the little party set out across the fore- shore again. Lieutenant ‘Com- mander J. G. D. Ouvry under- took to tackle the opening of the mlng first. Ho told the others which fitting he would start on, so that. if he ‘aiew himself up the others would not touch tha fit- ting on any other mine they tried to examine. He worked the fit- ting loose and found that it ap-

ared to be the detonator. Bo go whole party then set. to work on other parts, and. suddenly they had a shock. for one of the fit.- tt-ngs they pried off proved to be a second‘ detonator. They worked feverishly all through low water, and by 4.40 pm. they had not only made the mine 1n- nocuous, but had loaded it on a lorry for despatch to Portsmouth, where every detail of it could be carefully analyzed and minutely examined by the specialist staff.—- By the Naval Correspondent of the Manchester Guardian.

Ono would have to go far back in history on find a struggle where the stakes were so significant. My country. France, is a. decisive fac- tor £11.68 sue suppuea the chief element-s in the military resistance

cause with her survive or perish those human values. mentioned above, that. are broadest in scope. They are values, I believe, that all human beings, of whatever race, nationality or colour can under- stand, admire and strive after. but the outcome will also depend very directly on the fate of ihe British Em ire and on the osition in the word that the Enzi h are able or willing to maintain. The weak- nesses of the Empire we only too weii known, chief among them be- 1" "s vast. extent and the vuirer- ability of its lines of communica- tun. dot enough is said anon‘. the Empire's strength, which resides very largely in the unanimous loyalty of the white portions of the British world. The ilrltish Commonwealth represents n civil- ization to which tho memirr na- tions are danish:

to German aggression, and Ive-

Defence Regulations

(Toronto Btu-r)

When Parliament meets in Aha, the agenda should include u. ro- viston of the defence of Canada regulations. ‘Phero were made by order-in-councu on recommends.- tzon of an inqppartmeutai com- mittee. Authority for such action is found 1n an act of 1921 which authorizes the ministry to make regulations as may be considered necessary by reason of war for the security, defence. peace, order and welfare of Canada.

The legality o! tho emissions appears to be beyond question, and the power to issue them by order- ln-cciuncll 1n a war emergency ll one which a government may pro- perly pos . But however neces- sary it may be to have a. certain amount of "cabinet government" in wartime, ft does not. follow that emergency “laws" enacted by l. ministry should continue in force without investigation and revision by parliament when there ts ample opportunity for parliament w deal with them.

This has been recognised in Bri- tain. where the defence regulations at first: 1n foroe were submitted to an all-party committee of parlia- ment. with the result that many modifications were made. In some respects the modified regulations are less strict than Canada's. Ours. too, should 80 t0 a parilasnentilsry committee for revision. and should then be dealt with by parliament as a whole. Thai; is the democratic way,

One of the dangers of war-oven a war for democracy-ls that some- thing of democracy may be loot in the very countries which are fight- ing for its survival. Defence regu- lations of unnecessary scope and severity, involving needless 1n- fringonient upon the liberty of the subject and oontravcnlrig the prin- ciple that a man is to be presumed innocent until proven guilty by a oourt of justice, are 1n themselves n. violation of democracy. 'I‘heir- ox- istence without parliamentary sanction when parliament. can readily examine and deal with 111cm is. or would be a further vio- laUon c1’ democratic procedure.

The defence regulations and the cen=or=hip regulations should both come under review when parlia- ment meets.

Bulgaria’s Position

(The Hungarian Quarterly)

It is interesting to note that. Bul- garin seems, of all the Dariubian connttlcs, farthest removed from wished-for soldarity. This ma be ascribed to two causes. One of t ese is the strengthening "pond between Sofia and Moscow. the other the

fact. that Bulgaria's territorial claims are still awaiting satis- faction.

At. the beginning of July, 1939, the Bulgarian prime minister, M. Kiosseivanov, went to Berlin; on October 19 he resigned. and it. virus thought. that he would be suc- ceeded by Mr. Musanoy, pzesid-snt of the chamber. well known for his interest in west European ques- tions But after a four days‘ delay s: king reappointed M. Kiosaelv- nnov,