It): cotaqu Errata.

'l

roster.

FLOWERS.

i love the flowers, the fair oung lowers,

Where'er their dwelling e; _ ‘ Though springing on the mountain side—

Or neath the green wood tree.

Though found in each entrusted nook, Ofevery woodland sh ;

Or bloom: 'tnid the gay parterre. By taste ul fingers made. U

A lees-at task it is, l ween,

a fragile things to rear,

Whose wealth of verdant lovelineu, Life's weary hours may cheer.

To watch the opening birds that spring, 'Neatb summer's genial showers ;

Each striving in its blushing pride, To bloom the fairest flowers.

And when at last the blossoms lie All withered at our feet,

And lavish on the passing breczo Their perfumed odours sweet;

There comes from every fading flower A lesson for the heart, ' That earth's most fair and lovely things

“ The soonest must depart." " For voiceless teachers are they all," And emblems too ofyoutb, Its days ofinfsitt purity, Its tmsting years of truth. And like the human flowers that spring In beauty 'rnund our hearth, Till, fading from our sight nwav, \Ve ltnow not Iialftlitu'r worth.

“as”

AGRICULTURE.

CVLTIVA'HON 0!

r (Press the Mark Lane EIprrss.)

Next in importance to securing the “ golden grain,” 'wlien arrived at maturity, must be ranked the management of the turnip crop, the foundation ofthe whole rotation of crop- pin on leads sda ited to its cultivation. We have already

'I'Il TUINIP.

eel rd attention to . lr. West's book “ 0n the Turnip," sold 1

by Ridgway, the perusal of which we strongly recommend ; but at this season we do not think we can place any thing bakes otir readers which will be more really and immedi- ably mild to them than his remarks upon “ turnip hoeing.” He discrves—

“lutperfect booing and singling is an evil of no small magnitude, and it is of so much the more consequence, be- cause it is lot confined to the class ofbad or indifl'ercnt far- mers. Persons who are, iii many respects, examples in their style at farmin , which their neighbours would do well to tbllow, partake largely of the prejudice against the free thinning oftheir tttrnip crop—they cannot hear to see a fine plant cut tip, and hence, they leave them much too thick and lose hotb:in the quantity and quality of their crops.

“Others, who are moved by better intentions, and more

enlightened views, siili'er serious damage to their crops front delay in thinning; this delay most frequently arises otit of their setting on an inadequate number of hands. They do not seem to be aware that even harvest operations themselves are not more important than a prompt and adequate atten- tion to theathinning oftheir turnips. But this is not all ; the applicatiot-‘of the horse-hoe must be rated Just as highly; fbr, if the necessity oflooking alter the hay crop in fine wea- ther has been in past ages so estimated as to give rise to e proverb which has obtained universal acceptance, so might the horse-booing of turnips. To all growers ofturnips, thcn, I would emphatically say, ‘horse-hoc while and whenever the sun shines.’ The thinning ofturnipa should be commenced when the extreme bits of the leaves may measure about two and a-hal‘finc ies; and if a farmer has a considerable breadth ofland sown, and if he have not sown them at dif- ferent periods, to cause them to come in more conkeniently, he most, particularly in fine growmg weather, employ a large fires, and get thctn done ut‘ckly. The some men ought to be out loyed, every year, as or as is practicable, to hoe turnips, on they may be followed by boys to single them out: these boys will soon acquire considerable cleverness and readiness in doing their work, btit it will always be advisable to have one trttsty person to direct their labours.

“No absolute rule can be given as to the distances, but it may be safely aflirmed, that for common turnips, drilled cig teen Inches apart, from seven to nine inches, and for Swedes, where the rows are twenty-seven inches apart, from twelve to fourteen inches is near enough ; the condi- tion ofthe land and other circumstances, which it is impos- siblecxactly to anticipate, will help the farmer in deciding this Interesting point, but, whatever he may determine to prescribe as the exact distance, his principal duty will be to see most they shallso stand, and in all cases singly, when the work is finished.” ‘

“The work of thinning is often well done with the com- mon but upon this, as upon almost every other imple- ment, an improvement has been made. The trio hoe which is made at Birmingham, is undoubtedly the best ad-

opted for tum'p hort'ag. A gentleman who uses no other,

and whose opinion lurked as to Its merits, writes ofit thus: —-the trtangular hoe has great advantages over the com- mon one, in havuig three cutting laces : when the soil is wet, and the lioe is clogged, one cleaning cleans tlirce hoes; but it is In the corners ofthe hoe affording such fiicilitv inpt'ck- tag out the plants that its great superiority consists.’ 9’

Hausa-rise GlAlN.-—.‘llllem have long been aware, and farmers have generally admitted, that wheat or other grain cut a few days before it is perfectly ripened, will make more and better flour than if suffered to stand too long be- fore harvesting. There seems to be enough of the develop- edJuloes in.the stem and ear to perfect the filling ofthe bros while the envelope or bran does not become as thick, dark, and hard, as when the cutting is too long delay- ed. Grain that is lodged or struck by the rust or mildew, should always be cut with the least possible delay, as in the impale the straw becomes worthless while the kernel will not improve ;. and in the last instance, the longer it stands the more rapid and extensive will be the deterioration of both the straw and the grain. Cutting prevents the accumula- tion of more of the tiices in the straw, where the alreadv ruptured vessels on cuticle prove they are not wanted, and the appro nation of those that remain will be carried on by ‘ ",kefne , ":lnllll' the stain is dried. Gmin out before it is o ripe. res es mi I more i iflicult than that which nob till fully .nntured, but since the gznaral introduction «Mine...th objection has not the weight that formerly belonged to it. There are various ways of putting up the sheaves of wheat in the field to care, before they go to the fish or barn. Seine put six together, pressing their heads into as small a space as can be and then capping thetn with a seventh ; sotne put a dozen sheaves together by twos, and cover the tops With two sheaves placed butts together in the centre; but unless it is necessary the grain should mil _a long time before carting; as good a way as any, per- hps, is to.set up the sheaves by twos, morer leaning theta

Ody eech_other, and without any capping at all.

u aymtn is practised by our most extensive wheat gow- osgand while it requires less labor than any other mode of setting up, is found to occasion as little loss, and give full as much security to the grain, as any that can be used.— Wben, however, it is necessary that grain should stand se- veral weeks in the field, it should, as soon as dry, be put up In small stacks of six or eight shocks each, and well capped and secured a inst rain.

Tits Tans oc'raisss—Men may preach, or write, or talk

. t the respectability of this or that profession, but it will and l_ittle or nothing, unless that profession is taught to re- spect itsell; to understand its true position and its claims, and true means of enforcing them. No man of Bottle can deny that the (profession of agriculture is one of the most honorable, use id, and indispensable; that it is the oldest 0f the arts, and should—other things being equal—entitle those who practise It. to the front rank in society. To what then i. it to be attributed that the farmer has been kept in the

public matters, even to the legislation on topics which in- terest the farmer almost exclusively,and which he does, and should understand better than any one else? This question we have never seen more satisfiictorily answered than in an address delivered at Grenada, M iss, by A. C. Raine, Esq. before a meeting convened to devise the ways and means of building and endowiug a college at that place, and lor_tt copy of which we are idebted to the author. From this address we shall make it fciv extracts, confident the truth! they contain will commend thcnt to the readers of the Col- healer:—

“I confess it is one of the most lamentable marks of the present atid preceding ages, that it is deeitied unnecessary to educate a man’s son for a farmer. lfone ofa family is to be educated, be is not designed to till the soil; but is to be placed iii a learned profession. Why is not filling the earth a profession as learned, and as useful, and as honorable, as any on the globe? Because you degrade it. Every boy whom you educate, you instil into the belief that he is above the calling of his father. You teach liiiti that the cultit‘ation of the enrtli is servile. But educate him for this great em- ployment; talk to them of its usefulness and nobility while they are boys; and my word for it, the next generation wgll not have passed away until the profession of a planter WI” be a learned profession. And you will see the young, the ge- nerous, the talented, age aitd ambition, pressing into it With the same eagerness that they crowd to what is at this day called the learned professions. ' ' '

It is one ofthe most astonishing, btit tolerated errors, iii the history oftnankind, that it should be unnecessary to educate a fariiier.—\Vliy, the cultivation ofthe soil was the first em- ployment of man! It is a condition ofhis existence, and re- quires a high order of iiiitid to manage it successfully. And it is a fatal mistake that has degraded the mass ofintcllect for centuries, to suppose that a farmer need not be educated. It is essential: no man can fill that high station-and dignity —-tliut first office within the gill of his Maker—with honor to Iiiiuselt, benefit to his race, and glory to his God, without an education—without some proficiency in the science of lili- man happiness. He ought to be instructed in the physical sciences, and ho ought to be able to analyze his soil, and tell you its composition; and the effect upon a given production I ofthe excess or absence of given constituents. He should be ti good political economist. He should understand lb 3 law of production, consumption, ofdistribuiion, nfsupplyl and demand. Evcry man should deem his son actually (fl-8‘ i |

qualified for this noble employment, until he has at least learn- ed this much.”

Let such sentiments as are inciilcnted in this addrcini, bc- I come prevalent at the south, and they will offer a sure guar- antee against opinions which are most ruinous and destrtic- tivc against the idea that all labor is of necessity scrvilc and degrading. Teach mankind that there is such a thing as honest industry, honorable and useful ; that success in any 1 pursuit, involves knowledge, rcpoach, thought. education, and you do tnticb to abate prejudices, and smooth the way for further conquests and acquisitions from the domains Ofi error. Let it never be forgotten, however, that learning is ' not education, and that they are not always'associated in the * same individual. Learning only furnishes the means of' education; it is not education itsel". observers ofmcn and things, are lrequently among the best educated men, while their pretensions to learning are small. It is enough to name as examples of such, Benjamin Frank- lin, Roger Sherman, and Jesse Btiel.—Cultivalor.

SUN-FLOWER Oii..—\Vc have had some inquiries as to the method of making sun-flower oil, and the quantity a bushel ofsccd will make, and tho uses to which it can be applied.

1. Method ofmnking: The same as that ofliiiscetl, ex- cept that the sccd must first be bullied, or its hard ciivnlopc taken off. This is done by machinery with great case. If ground with tho bull, not balftbc quantity ofoil can be ob- tained as when it is hullcd. Any prcss that will extract the oil oflinsecd will do for stin-flowcr seed.

2. Quantity per bushel: Mr. Mann made some experiments which are recorded iii the N. L". Farmer, in which only half a gallon per bushel was obtained, and the project was aban- dotied. He did not hull the seed—hence the failure. C. A. Barnitz, near Baltimore, on the contrary, obtained a gallon of fine oil from a bushel, but his seed was boiled, and none was lost by the saturation of the dry covering. \Vhen woll managed, a gallon may be counted upon with certainty.

3. Use: It makes a very good oil for lamps, burning clearly and without offensive sincll. It is found to be Well adapted for painting, spreading smooth and drying with la- cility. For the table, most prefer it to olive oil, being cheap- er, and having a more ngrccubln flavor.

\Ve mnv add here, that the quantity ofseed produced on an acre will vary tnucb, having ranged from ‘20 to 75 bushels. The editor of the Baltimore Farmer thinks that the average on good corn land may be stated at 50 bushels—Cultivator.

CULTIVATION or re: Cutaneous—“h: have had several inquiries in relation to the cultivation ofthis fruit, the de- mand for which is rapidly increasing in our markets. Few things are more cosin grown than the cranberry, and the cultivation is very simple. Nothing more seems necessary to success than hog or pit earth; iftbe bogs are sandy, so

an abundant crop. (in the sandy coast ofthe Massachusetts, where wot. bogs or meadows abound, the cultivation ofthe cranberry is increasing, and [llt't‘cfi of ground, hitherto of no

Gifted minds, close,

much the better, blit too much wet is fatal to the hopes of .

creditors, althottgl p" ;$;;2.nythem, you know what 1 should do were to I i

- ' who d a ain be successful.” Afier his death. h" soul?“ in an E‘ ' ftb r‘s sake were for their own as well as their a e - h, highly (“0F merited respect, found the general sympfl'l yhnd anemia able to their interests. A gentleman.l Wain“ Manchester. prim works at B , about four ipi a; hand emflmed on the Oldhiim Road, took them iy t ed h '9" mmciem them with the works ata rent, and advance t e _ d w" ' ' ' h l ich to commence business. By m l 3: imp; b‘yvilncessant and at the same time prudeut‘ex- )y-r " ’ ' ' liti a few years, We ertion, they soon made their ti'ny,_aii(- . h money whlc I were able to pay back a in,wtth inteiest, t e Their object, 28:35:: 31:53:34};:Z‘ilihilieibiififlia, they increas- cil their bxertions—and at length they were able 6:0 aficzrgt plish their own honorable tpltlenlloni ‘0'“: li‘l’nl'flLtio; :0 a“ ' ' d inn father. my son ai . lhlcsil: ailitf'gcreilitgm to meet them on a special day, a! “that ' Arms’ Hotel. The day was then called the Bridgewater _ arrived—the meeting was lield—antl_the two brothers Pl"?f sentcd to each creditor in full the principal and iiit‘tireslt‘ltlie each demand, to the amount ofmany thousand ppuu tare“. creditors‘accepted the principal, but returned I ie 31w bro— ’l‘hey afterwards gave a splendid elllertulnlnen! to hams in tliers, at which sotne ofthe most influential merc - - ted each oftlicni Manchester \vcte present. They presen. _ . {on in‘ with a iiingnifit'ent vase, with an appropriate IIISCIiIIP | Iv n. token oftlieir admiration and esteem—and an input y 8p ('3' did tribute ol'tlicir regard was forwarded to their vetiera ) 6 mother. One of the gentlemen nlliided to has some llllllle since been numbered with the (lead—long may title 0t ecil' survive to prosecute his course at commercial ubt itylen active benevolence! The writer 0l;lllls- narrative has titti- self drunk out of the vases in question, in the family res;- dencc ofthe parties whose history he has recorded—Niche - n’ Rt falcr. “Tans la'usuc Pauly-Touches observer of the occur- rences of the last filly years, the almost imperceptible, yet certain advance ofthe press of Great Britain, cannot tell to awaken astonishment atid conjecture. Gradually iiicretismg iti height and strength, nourished by adversity, strengthened and fostered by tempcsts and storms, it has indeed become a mighty and a giant tree, “ whose height reaches nut: bea- ven, atid the sight thereof to the cod of all the earth. Re- cognising no law btit its own \vtll——-now yielding to the blast —.—now guiding the lightning or wrath to the proud, tyran- nical, and tho vile—claitiiiiig to protect beneath its broad shadow the rights and liberties ofthe people, the dominion, of the laws, and the integrity of the state—making its strength to be known in the very inmost coucleves of coun- cillors and kings-never was there iii any age or cliine ought that might be made productive of so much good or evil as that mighty, wide-reaching, penetrating energy con- ccntratcd in the existing public press ofthe civilised world. And in no country is this more true than in Great Britain. The immense intellect continually augmenting its resources —rendcriug available the wealth and information of the merchant, the subtlety ofthe philosopher, the stores of sci- ence, and the loveliness ofart—with the increasing demand for knowledge, and the numberlcss opportunities for mental championship to exhibit its strengtn, have combined to ren- ‘der the press, as a body, the most influential and respected ‘ for its talent and integrity ofany that have ever dwideil the public attention, or demanded the public. applause. From the mere chronicler and gazetteer ofcourt balls and of bat- ties, it has become the monitor of kings and the counsellor oi seiintcs. It would be hard to point otit any advance in popular knowledge orlibcrality to which it has not most ma: tci'ially contributed—any cause involving the interests ol liberty or truth in the van of which it has not fought. Small and distant is the first cloud on the political horizon: _an littinble individual has been punished fora resistance insig- nificant, though meritorious, if it involved not some great principle; tidings of persecution and suffering roll hurrying onward, until the overcharged heavens, lowering with in- dignation, burst in Vengeance upon the oppressor; and in times of public incrtness or agitation—now lashing the ocean into wrath, now calming the waters into peace and serenity—its efforts have been as beneficial as its power is unprecedented and iniiiicusc.—fluslra!ian Monthly .Magazme. INDUSTRY asn Psasevsaiacs.—\thu you have suflicient intelligence to perceive what you ought to be, and judgment enough to discern what you will be, the next indispensable qualities to success are iudiistry and perseverance. Labor is the universal law—a law in which all who have their tor- tuiics to make, that is, all the young and enterprising, ought especially to rejoice. Labor is the grand magician, which is secretly conveying the good things of this world frotn band to band, while mankind lock on and wonder how it is done. \Vbo now possess tlic wealth and high places ofthe land? Mainly those who laboured for them hard and long. Front whose bands are they imperceptibly gliding? Frotn those who are too indolent to keep them. It is incredible what mere industry will accomplish in this world of toll; I had almost said thtit it was the prime requisite. It is wonderful what deception lurks under a few common words and phrases in our language. “ What afortunatc tnan I” we hear the world exclnitn, when we see a iiinii flourishing in his business. lti nine cases out of ten, the very term isa flatter. ing unction which the indolent or llllclllcflll‘lfllllg man is laying to his soul, that the only difference between him and

mine, now yield handsome incomes. It is found that they grow on these sandy bogs tiller draining, and the following is I stated to be the method pursued by Mr. Hall, of llarustnplc, l who has for some time produced them in ’ great quantitiesf .—-“ it the bogs are covered with brush. it is removed, but it is not necessary to remove the rushes, as the strong roots of the cranberry soon overpower them. It would be well, it; preyious to planting, the ground could be ploughed, but (,nptnin Hall usually sprcads on beach sand, and digs holes four feet asunder each way, the same as for com; the holes are, howeVer, deeper. liito these holes ands ofcran- bcrry roots are planted, and in the space of three years the whole ground is covered.” Mr. Kenrick remarks, that “although a.tnoist soil is best suited to the plant, yet, with a. suitable mixture ofbog earth, it will flourish, producian abundant crops, even in any dry soil.” London asserts limb! 'Sll' J. Banks, who obtained this plant from America, raised, in 183], on a square of 18 feet each way. three and a half bushels, equal to 460 bushels per acre. Any man who has a hog si'atnp may raise cranberries, by draining it so that the surface at least shall be dry, either inverting the surface ifhard enpugli, Wllh a plough, or covering it with sand: and planting'as above directed. When well set, the yield of an acre Will not be much, if any, short of 200 busheli—lla

M ___-._ ___ VAR t 3‘“ n s.

Rmtaanens Ins-user: or Commitcut. lrrnearrn—lt has been asserted by many of our moralists and economists that the whole system of modern commerce is pervaded by

a spirit of absorbing ciipidity, which is the prolific and ne- frauds and deceptions, which

'cessary source ofinnuniernblc