. of Jerseys. B. H. Bull dz Son. Bramp-

....

mi ‘Z1. 1921i a

_, v I ‘ THE CPIARLOTTETOWN

Farming and Agriculture .'.-:

n

_ ... ._ ___

Jersey Cattle - p Arrive Nappan

The la-rliflt shipment of imported Jet-gay cattle to ever leach the Mari- time Provinces. has lust arrived at. m, nxpefimental "Farm, Nappan, N. 5., according to dos. Bremner, East- srn Jersey This lot con- sists of’ five yearling heifers recent-- ty- brought over from "the Island of Jersey by the wall-known importers

ion. Ont. -

Some months ago it was decided by those in authority to confine moi‘. of the Experimental Farms to not more than two breeds of cattle, and to establish along with the Guernsey herd at Nappan, a herd of Jerseys, and to eliminate the grades of other breeds formerly kept.

This is the first time that the Jer- geys have been represented on an mperlmental Farm in the Maritime Provinces. Jersey breeders on this account and because of the very rs- pld advance of the Jersey breed in the East. are very much elated over the high class stock that has been selected. for Nappan.

These five heifers are all sired by a famousbull known as "Palatlnos Observer." who is now on his way across the Atlantic to his new home as Junior Herd sire at the great Oak- land's Jersey Farms, Ann Harbor, Michigan. This bull was select/ed by the Oaklands‘ as the best sire avail- able on the Island of Jersey last year.

The heifers ‘hemselves represent the choicest of Jersey Blood and will be a great asset in the building up‘ ci even better Jersey herds in the Maritlmes.

' Under the will of a wealthy manu- facturer of Sydney. N. S. W., who died recently, $400,000 was left for the er- cctloh of horse troughs. on each of which a to be inscribed the names of of the donor and his wife. ’

American combined reaping and thrashing machines, which were re- ccntly introduced into Germany, and were the first of that type of machine ever seen there, have 101mg great favor in that country.

tracked Guru ' i And

i iiorllmcal

Carlocd in today-callus!’ a¢_

lowest prim. i i

““I.?$IP

— ‘ffiii?’ ‘"112; '.s..=s:""".;"

\

Bran Shorts. ‘Oil Cake Meal. Sugar Beet Meal, Cracked Grain, Rolled Oats, Oatmeal. baled Hay and Straw, Feed Oaigiwhiie and Black). Fclfl Buckwheat, reed wheel. PM Barley, Poultry Supplies of all kinds, wholesale and retail. Our prices are the lowest.

Cartel" & co. Limited a

Willi;

LIVE . HOGS i We are taking live hogs idaily; -._excepiin Saturday, paying-highs. est market prices.

1*’

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Davis t? raser

"stair-ION i sNRQIMENIY,

I step ls to thoroughly scrub the sow

,5. stated preventive measure. a much

maid t ,

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Save More ,

Little Pigs In making any additions to farm

equipment the average farmer-usual-

ly looks at the initial expense. and overlooks the savings which might

Nowhere is this fact more noticeable than in relation" to the proper facil- ities for raising hogs on the farm. On most P. E. Island farms a small Willy 101' a warm and sanitary far- rowing pen, or house, would be a prcfitablb investment.

The losses experienced with pigs at farrowing time, or before weaning ageyare appalling when we take the province as a whole. This condition could be remedied to a large extent if each farmerwould build a suitable place in which the sow could farrow Jwlthout the pigs being subjected to extremes '0! temperature, and to un- sanitary surroundings.

"Such a pen might be pert of an ordinary plggery, or a detached build- ing. The latter is safer from the standpoint of fire and cleanliness. The pen should be approximately 14 ft. square. The wall should be board- ed, papered- and shinglcd. Inside sheathing "would also add to the warmth of the pen. All openings such as door and windows should face the south. In order to avoid dampness and unsanitary conditions the floor should be made of wood. If you wish to avoid crippling nevei‘ use concrete under hogs. In times of extreme cold a small stove could be used to prevent serious losses.

The most important features of such a detached building ls that it lends itself to a suitable system for W0rn1. control. It is stated that the first four or five wee‘ is the dankr period relative to sucker pigs, insofar as internal parasites’ are concerned. I.n other words. if a sucker pig es- capes worm infestations up to wean- ingage, he is well on the road to rapid and profitable dcvel- pment.

With suitable surroundings the breeder can do a. great deal to pre- vent the little pig from picking up WOYIIIRCQKS while with the sow. If the farrowing pen has been used be- fore byhogs it should be thoroughly cleaned. Then the “floors and walls should be scrubbed with a solution made with. one pound of househo“ lye in thirty gallons of boiling, or hot water. This will go a long way to kill the finlllions of worm eggs which may be scattered throughout the pcn. The pen should then be bcddcdwith clean straw. The next

with warm water and soap’ Before she is placed lnthe pen. This will prevent her from carrying worm eggs into the» farrowing pen. As a tur- ther precaution the sow might be treated’ for worm infestations when she iscarrying the litter. One of the most simple u" atments, although not necessarily the most efficient, is to mix B ounces of creolin in 86"ga1- lens of water and give the sow all her drinking water fromthls solu- tion as long. as it lasts. This treat- ment might be used advantageously for all pigs.

‘Treatment alone is of little use if preventive measures are nbt also practised, With the‘ present avelr- age conditions surrounding the sow at farrowing time, there is averyiop- poittunity for the'pigs to become in- fested with worms. By building such a pen as suggested above, by follow- ing suggestions relative to tempera- ture control.

larger percentage jof _the litter pile will be raised to weaning age.

Write the Proylnciai Dept of Agri- culture for Dr. Stevenson's bulletin on Internal Parasites in Swine.

son's Monrroaill: - An old negro had just paid his

last instalment ed é small farm. when the land-agent vino Iolitii

“Well Uncle _._ioe.,!'i_1 make yours“ p deed to the farm now. 811100 "F h" been paid for." ~ . "Boss," the old nosro replied. "l! 15 small de same to you. Alfd will“: ycu gib ins'a mortaasfl Vi d! P1l°°7 ' The agent, somewhat surprised. said: ‘ - . ~- "Unele Joe. Y0“, 4°“ 5"“ "° know the difference between a mort- Ille and a deed.” "Well, inebbo not." said Joe remin- “cmuy. ab“; 51s once had a small farm. an’ a deed. an’ do if!“ h“ qngftlggge and do bill! ‘I07. d! 157m- ._- t . "m, milling-rho Ontario ref;

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be made by having such equipment. '

and by adopting the l“

‘in an accuracy clone-two hundred

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INCREASING EXPORTS ' CANADIAN ANIMALS

i

Canadian ranch-bred fur-bearing animals found their way during the past year to ten foreign countries for use as breeding stock on fur ranches according to a tabulation of shipments of fur-bearers from Can- ada for export by the Canadian Na- tional Express. While black and sil- ver foxes were most numerous in the list there were also muskrats. rac- coons and mink handled. Crates of animals were entrusted to the Can- adian National Express foryclelivery to "England, Germany. Scotland. France, Sweden, Finland , Holland, Switzerland, Belgium and Czechs Slovakia.’ Shipments originated from points in Prince Edward Island. Ontario, Manitoba, Quebec and Al- berta. , ,

Of" approximately" one thousand fur-bearing animals so forwarded more than eight hundred were ranch- bred black and silver foxes. The export business in fur-bearers in 19- 2s wasllinost double that of 1927. '

HOW LONG IS AN INCH

There is a debate among engineers as to the reliability of the recognized units of weight and measure. It is pointed out that the complete set of Wtiihing and measuring units in this country are wonderfully accurate as shopkeepers’ standards, and would go as manufacturing or industrial standards also if the conditions were notlnore rigid and the requirements for much greater accuracy.

These local standards are maln- tained by periodical comparison with "plaster standards" kept in sacred eurroundlnss by the State. The bushel. measure (American) ls 2150.42 cubic inches, but in practice the "tol- erance." or allowance for this meas- ure ln measuring goods for which it was designed, ranges from 25 to ‘l5 cubic inches either way. This 15 a large percentage, and so it would not matter whether the “master bushel measure" at Washington were 2145 or 2155 cubic inches. '

The measures used in industry, however, must be truer to much fin- er tolerances than this, for in inter- changeable manufacture englxlgzrg require errors less than l—l0,000th, and sometimes not more than 1-40,- 000th, of an inch.

This brings up on: question, what is an inch? Itmay mean 1-36th of a bar No. so and so. desposlted ln the National Physical Laboratory at liondon. or 1-38tl1 of a bar No. in the Bureau of Standards. Wash- ington, or 146th of a very good yard bar belonging to the Pratt. and Whit- My Co. at Hitrtford, Conn., or it may be 0.0144 of the international metre bai- at Paris, cl- causes or the metre bar at Washington or 2.539998 of the standard centimetre length of the Western’ Electric Company and so on. _ “

Aforetime different people around thecountry knew pretty well what an inch was. and if it was accurate to a thousandth or so, everything was all right. .Now with the new orderof things we are not so sure of our inchesx These‘ metal bars shrink “and contract both with age d temperature, V-and although . two metals, invar, and elinvar, have been found with remarkable stable proper- ties. it has come ‘to pass_that none of the aforenamed stations can be positive that their inch is accurate. Scientists have come to the rescue. They have fourid that the "wave length ofthe red ray of Cadmium lght is the natural, practically in- variable standard. It is stable and con- stant and can be measured to with-

and fifty bllliontbs of an inch!’ Mr. Luther n. urlinghaine has gilen a precision value of the inch as s9.- 450 and 1-3 agave léhgtils of the red

NEWSY PFARM“ ‘NOTES

By Agricola

come into being, with "the. inch of 40.000 wave lengths as the unit.

FARMING IN IRELAND

The condition of the farmer throughout the world today, is like that of Gilbert's policenian—"nct a ha yone." The United States socks farm relief; the Dane, despite his wonderfully cc-cordlnated produc- tlon, complains that tile last two years have been a difficult economic period, and the BritLsh farmer is in a chronic state of impacunlosity. Now Ireland adds its plalnt. The follow- ing ls from the Belfast Weckly Tele- graphs account of the general meet- ing in Cork of the Munsf-cr-Leinster Bank: ' _ "

"Mr. _D. O'Connor also extended thanks to the directors and staff. There was a very glowing account be- fore them as to how the country was getting on. He was sorry to say he could not agree with all this. From great personal experience of the country, he could say that about 30 per cent. of the people had malls money, and they clung to it tenac- lously; 20 per cent more were living by hard work and industry; but 50 per cent were not able to pay their way. Their public institutions, ll not bankrupt, were not able to finance themselves. The farmers were worst of all. The cost of living far exceeded the Ptlces they were receiving. Every- thing they brought was 100 per cent. more than pro-war prices, but they got only 5 to 10 per cent. more for their produce."

oun EXPORTS

It issvlth considerable interest that I read that our exports to the United States for the year 1928 totalled, $2.- 025,061, as against $2,454,792 for 1927. Those exports which had decreases

‘ both in quantity and value, compris-

cd canned lobsters, live silver foxes. seed and table stock potatoes, and grass seed. Increases were noted in live poultry, fresh- frozen smelts, salt cod, beef hides and turnips. Potatoes, which composed over one-half of the total value of the exports, brought in a. return of rather more than $1,300,- 000. These returns will show n_ furth- cr reduction, if the tariff changes urged by the farmers of the United States ccme into effect: in the mean- tdme. it will be well to look for home markets. Nova Scotia imports park productions in very large quantities and I am informed that this pro- vince docs the scnlc but to a much smaller extent. It appears also that the consumption of eggs on the mainland is sufficient to tempt the producers in British Columbia to ship eggs to the East. Here are two items which we might well attend to, and others may readily be found.

PRODUCING LOW COUNT MILK ‘VITH THE MILKING JIACHINE

(Experimental Farms Note)

A number of farlris producing cer- tificated milk have used the milk- ing machine for some years with splendid success. On the other hand. machine-drawn milk from the aver- age farm frequently contains enor- molls__nulnbers of bacteria. Careful investigation has shown this to be largely the result of improper treat- ment of the rubber Durtsl; Where these are not thoroughly w hcd and sterilized, lurking bacteria ind food and moisture inside the tubes to per- mit rapid growth, and‘ the milk drawn through at the next milking becomes seriously contaminated.

In the belief that methods recom- mended for cleaning and steril- izing, are often too time-consuming and laborious, the Division of Bacter- iology, Central Experimental Farm. Ottawa, has studied the problem o! developing simpler. yet equally ef- fe tive mbthods. Tests has shown the suction method.- of washing to be‘

ray. Add since we cannot get away from the bar as a rneasurem ‘ it may be that the ideal bar will yet

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quicker, simpler and yet more thin‘- oughly than the old brush method.

'BRIFIGING“UP-FA1‘HER' i; " _

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‘HunfelfRiver Shipping Club

The annual meeting of the Hunter River Live Stock Shipping Club was held in New Glasgow Hall on Mon- day afternoon, Feb. 20th. There was a. large attendance of members and interested farmers present, show- ing that the live stock producers in this section of the province are awake to the fact that the market- ing end of the game is of vital con- cern to the progress and financial success of the hog industry.

The President, Mr. Donald An- drews, occupied the chair, and after stating briefly the purpose of the meeting and emphasizing. its import- ance. called upon Mr. Adam Brown, Secretary, to read the minutes of the last annual meeting. The minutes were read and on motion, adopted, after which the financial statement, covering the year's business was pre- sented. This statement showed that over twenty-one thousand dollars ($21,000.00) worth of business had been transacted, and was considered a very creditable showing. The club handled lambs" cc-opsratively during 192i! for the first time, and the sat-v lsfactory returns received amure an increased movemeli in this line dur- ing the coming season.

The question of universal grading of hogs was discussed and it was the unanimous opinion that\thls measure should be put into operation at the earliest pomlble moment. A resolu- tion to put this effect‘ was passed.

A new Board of Directors was ap- pointed as followsz-Erneslallouston. Cornelius Doucetta, Russell Nichol- son, Donald Andrews, Adam Brown, Edison Rollings, Watson Sample, John Nicholson, Ernest Bulman and James E. Moffatt.

Immediately at the close of the‘ regular meeting the new Board of Directors convened and selected the following executive:-

President, Ernest Houston.

Vice-Pres, Cornelius Doucette.

Secretary, Russell Nicholson.

Mr. Adam Brown the efficient sec- retary for the past five years, to whom untirlng efforts a great part cf the success of the club is due, re- tired, and may feel assured that his faithful efforts in behalf of this splendid marketing organization. are greatly appreciated by his fellow farmers. It is unanimously admit- ted that Mr. Brown was one of the bcst Shipping Club Secretaries in the

Province.

At the conclusion of the business portion of the meeting, Mr. J. A. Gil- lis of the Dominion Live Stock Branch, {poke briefly on club activ- ities and the hog industry in general in the province. His remarks were very much appreciated, and he was extended a hearty vote of thanks.

___..__,._______._.

A real red variety of Northern Spy apple is being boosted. “There seems to be no doubt," says Mr. W. T. Ma- coun, "but that it is desirable to plant the red sports of Northern Spy in preference to the ordinary variety." There is also an attactive red Grav- enstein originating with Mr. A. Sr Banks, Waterville. N. s. "

Us‘ Mineral’: Llnlmcnt for (he Flu.

while chemical methods of steriliz- ing the rubber parts have compared very favorably with hot water and steam treatments. During the past summer, the relative values of chem- lcal and hot water treatments for sterilizing were compared in s. severe tat conducted under practical con- ditoln. Over a six week period (July to September) the average bacterial counts obtained by the machines and by careful handimilking werez- Hot water treated machine, 4,484 per c. 0.; Chemically treated machine, 4,200 per c. 0.: Hand milking, 4:270 per c. c. From these figures it is‘ evident that simple methods, were properly followed, enable the average farmer to produce of careful hand milkinfl-

Full details of this experiment and of many others conducted in bac- teriological form. and should prove to

bc of interest to eyery mif PK‘- ducer.

Foes of Poultry

0f all wild animals that kill poul- try, the weasel is by far the most des- tructive. It will kill dozens of hens or young chickens in a single night. They are ~great rovers. and, almost without fear of man, and being small, slender animals, they readily go in and out of rat holes or other very small openings. and once they get in among your chickens you are sure to find many of them killed.

Weaselsrusunily hunt at night, but at times they are ‘abroad in the day- light, and being fearless of man, they will go boldly into places where no other small predatory animal would venture. So every poultry T111551’ should have a few traps set at all times to insure protection from this bloodthitrfy little brute.

WQHEC; are not given to climbing if they can crawl in under or throuBh. and they usually get in through. 0P- enings near the gound. Therefore, the best places to have traps set is in behind boards leaned up against the sides of coop. and in out-of-the-way places. Chickens can't get into traps set in such places, and this makes a surefire, weasel set. No covering is necessary over the trap, as they are not suspicious or afraid.

A box trap set inside the fence, with a hole cut through the netting and the trap set up closely to the hole and staked there will take a weasel alive. as well as mink or other small: chicken-eating animals except the= fox, if one comes and tries t0 Bet in. Any metal trap such as "advertised in mail order catalogsls fine. It should have a trigger that springs it by the= animal's stepping on the PM. 811d it should be set to spring easily, as weasels are light, and a trap that springs hard won't catch them. Minksl opossums, skunks and fox- es also kill poultry, and it is a mighty good plan to look over the farms. woodlots and forests close by for dens in the ground, and set Cooper traps inside the dens in the early spring and summer, as the animf-S often make their homes close to farm buildings, and may, therefore. kill a lot of your choice poultry before you are aware that they We flflilmd-

Foxes may come for a mile or so and carry of! grown hens in broad daylight. They usually come in the early morning hours, and they are especially bad along June, when they have cubs to feed. Look over your back pastures for their dens. Chick- en feathers will be found around the entrance. You can either dig them out; or 59f, traps. If you set. traps in the den you may catch one. Then the others will leave, as foxes are easi- ly frightened away.