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THE ED

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS 0F INTEREST TO TEACHERS ANI) ALL OTHEIIS SEEKING

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rm: , GUARDIAN,

UCATIONAL immzozv

~A SA TURDA Y FEA TURE~

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

H A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

Prince Edward Island has wit- nessed more than a century of progress in_the educational pro- gram for its inhabitants. The in-

ferval between the era of the itin- ‘

erant schoolmaster and that of

our public school system of today}

portrays the constant struggle of a minority of the people for the improvement of the school. the

teacher, the curriculum. the sup-l the governmental _

ervlsory system. department of education, the lib- raries, and the teacher's salary. Although it is often said that our provincial educational» s)" rm lags behind modern systems, ii is true that exceptional progress has been made.

As with most early settlers in Canada, the priinaigv need of those who came to Prince Edward ls- hnd was the conquering of the forest. Not until this had been accomplishedavas there any inter- est taken in education. In fact. an apathy toward thé three R's was widespread. This popular feeling was present because most oi thc settlers had never attended school.

The earliest to gain any formali

education were the children of ‘par- ents who appreciated the practical value of such training. and who were able to afford the lessons from the travelling tutor. Such a teacher had very little knowl- edge of the basic studies or of teaching. and as a result. what was imparted to the pupils was almost. negligible.

In 1767, when lands were being

Igranted in the Province, for every i100 acres provided for a church iand glebc. 30 acres in each town- lsliip were» pl‘(1\'_ld€d for a school- master. But practically nothing ‘in respect. to education was done until 1730 when Alexander Rich- ardson opened the earliest school at Si. John's Coffee House, on the corner of Queen and Dorches- tcr Streets. Charlottetown. The first school opcned by a woman neat-hcr was that of Mrs. Bulpit, the wife of Charlottetowns first Methodist minister. lii the early 1820's the first» kindergarten was ‘begun by Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard of Charlottetown. Though these lprivate schools helped to educate lthe children who lived in the ‘town. the outlying districts were ‘served travelling teachers I who. ;i~oss. sion of a physical disability. lwhich prevented them from plying .more profitable trades. l The first move toward a public [school system was made in 1804 when land in Charlottetown was Igrantcd by lot-Governor Fanning j o build. an academy to be named |Kent College. This plot of ground lis the present College Square. But lllOL iiiiiii 1825 did the Legislature lundertake to assist in the educa- tion of children throughout the Province. In that year the first lEclucation Act was passed. author- iiziniz the payment of one-sixth o! ,the teacher's salary and £50 to each of the Counties as a salary of a grammar-master.

THE TWO GENTLEMEN — VERONA

The main characters are: Val- entine. a gentleman of Verona; Proteus. his friend; Julia, with whom Proteus is much in love:

Silvia, the daughter of the Duke

of Milan; the Duke; and Thurio. who is engaged to Silvia and who ia the father's choice for the daughter.

Valentino and Proteus have grown up together in Verona and are bosom pals. W-hat one knows the other knows; therefore they have no secrets between them. This beautiful friendship is soon to end because Valentine is about to leave for Milan to be presented to the Court there; Proteus re- fused to accompany his friend because he will not leave his trite love, Julia. Valentine takes his leave of his friend and sets out for Milan.

Upon his arrival he is presented to the Duke and the court ai which time he meets fair Silvia. The entire attitude of Valentine towards women changes-so much l0 that it brings a comment from his servant. Speed, The section where Speed tells his master that he is in love is given in our books for all to read.

The fair Silvia is also smitten lIld returns the love of Valentine. but the Duke will never agree to the marriage so the tivo lovers plan to elopc. Just. as the clan- dcstine adventure is to be perpet- rated, Proteus arrives from Ver- ona the hope that Proteus ivould for- get Julia, at least for the time being. Valentine takes hi5 friend

Into his confidence and tells Pro- _

tells what. he intends to do. I-Ie then sends Proteus to Silvia v: a note. Proteus, upon scclnr: l. .c fair Silvia. promptly forgets about Julia and falls in love with Sil- via: thereafter he devises a moans to stop the elopement by telling

I izlflr/Mzarz/l/a

sent here by his father in,

‘tli ,

the Duke of the proposed plan. The angry ‘entine from Milan. i Ncr Protcus is free tn pursue ‘hzs own intents without. any hind- lrance ironi his former friend. The ,Duke, however, has promised Sil- via to a young gentleman called Thurio; but both his suit and that {of Proteus is spurned by the “faithful Silvia. I Meanwhile Julia, hearing no word from her lover since he left Verona, decided to go to Milan and see what had haippened to him. ,Biit not wishing to make her love Ilook ridiculous. she disguised ht:- iself in the garb of the young man ‘and in this apparel came to Milan. ‘After many hardships. she secured work as the personal errand-boy lof her former lover. ‘ Ono of her first tasks was to take a ring to this Silvia—the very ,ring that she had given her lover Qas a remembrance of her. Thus lshe was able to find out that hcr lover was being false to hei". All iihe while Silvia turns a deaf car lto the pleas of her lovers and ;plans to escape and find Valen- tine. she does escape and leaves Milan‘, but. outside the town she ils captured by a band of robbers [and taken before their chief who lturiis out. to be none other than . Valentine. l Hearing about hcr escape, Pro- tcus and Tliurio sci out in pur- suit. of Silvia, but they too are captured by the robbers and tak- en before the chief. Here the whole vile plot of Proteus is ex- ‘posed bui. instead of being cross, Vrilc ‘inc. pardoned his old friend: wli upon Proteus. struck by re- mo c, wept, and declared that all ‘Wflillll be well if Julia were only ,lici'e. At this Julia threw off her ‘disguise and was reunited with ,Proteus. Just then the Duke came along, and realizing what had hap-

%

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nened. he offered to pardon all Ill‘; Oulllvfis. and Valentine too giving. at. the same time, the p5,». mission for Valentine to marry Silvia.

_Protcus and Julia were also mar. ried at the same time and every- thing ends happily.

Summarized by Ralph MacLean.

THE "RIO PACT"

Nineteen ‘American nations, meeting near Rio de Janelro, Bra- ril. signed a treaty on Tuesday, Sept. 2, for the defense of the Western Hemisphere This agree. ment known as the “Rio Pact", has‘ become a widely discussed topic throughout the world. The terms are: First, in case of a “family qllfliTel" between two or more American states, every ef- fort will be made to settle the dis- pute by peaceful means. but if this cannot be done. co-operatlve force may be used to check actual fighting.

Second. in case any American nation is attacked by an outside power, the other countries which ratify the treaty will help to re-

TEACHERS’ SALARIES RAISED IN NOVA SCOTIA

Nova Scotia school teachers have, been glvsn pay increases ranging in many cases about 35 per cent over last year's rates, and a raise in ycarly increments for experience.

The differential paid for each] academic or

I

Britain's original proposal. an- nounced hv Prime Minister Att- lcc. for a unitary Indian adminis- tration iiftci- the British left in June oi’ 194R, had been abandon- ed.

The teeming sub-continent wh ch has been a “rich jewel in Ehe British Em-pire" for so long. has become on August 15th, two new sovereign states. Itidia and Pakis- tan. The Dominion status which India and Pakistan are assuming is by no means permanent. Each has set up its own constitution, with the ultimate option of becom- ing sovereign states totally inde- pendent of the British Common- wealth. The general expectation in London is that India will declare herself a sovereign republic and quit the Commonwealth, while Pakistan will remain a Dominion.

Pakistan, means "Land of The Pure." About 52 million Mosiems and l8 million Hindus will live iii this country which will he split into two parts with a thousand miles of India between.

Each dominion will need ambas. isadors in other national capitals all over the world.

In Pakistan the Mosicm Will‘ be able to eat his cmv without giving offense to the Hindu, who warships the animal. And the Hindu. in turn. will be able to lol- iow his religion without as many alfronts as when the two relig- ions were without territorial divi- GIOII.

Flags:

India's flag is saffron.

Premiers of the Provinces of| Canada: |

Premier of P. E, 1-110171, J_ Walter Jones.

Premier of N. S. is Hon. Angus I... MacDonald.

Premier of N. B. is Hon. J .13. MacNair.

Premier of Quebec is Hon. Maup ice Duplessls.

Premier of Ontario is Col. George Drew.

Premier of Manitoba is Si-llflfl- S. Cvarson.

Pramier of Saskatchewan Hon. T. C. Douglas.

Premier of Alberta is Hon. E. C. Manning.

Hon.

is

NATURE SCIENCE

(Fill in the blanks)

1. is a wild flower that grows beside the road.

2. Three wild flowers that grow in the woods are , and .

3. We should pick flowers because

4. We should never the flowers that are (ind,

only. a few

pick

PREMIERS OF THE PROVINCES OF CANADA

P. W. 0.. Charlottetown.

The United States Secretary of National Defense is James V. For. restal. Fiance of Princess Eliza- beth is Lieut. Philip Mounting. ten. Hassan Saka. was appointed Premier of 'I'tirkey. The "mo" Conference dealt only with the subject of "Military Defense."

pel the attack. The" Rio signed by the Foreign 0! the Pan American republic; BXCEDI. Nicaragua and Ecuador. George Marshall signed for the United States. This treaty will go into effect when ratified by two- thirds of the American Nations. Canada has been invited to join in accepting its terms.

The treaty was drafted as a means of providing for collective self-defense by the nations of this Hemisphere. Greenland is also included in the Western Hemis- phere “security zone." While this land belongs to Denmark, an in- vasion of it would endanger all the American nations. and hence it will be defended against ag- gression.

Pact was Ministers

CHARLOTTETOWN

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OCTOBER I7. 194,"

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of good by writing in the Min- utes some reference to inadequate salaries paid to teachers. The Mayor expressed his opinion that women should be treated as equals with men, receiving the some pay. His Worship concluded by extend-

PRESIDENTS ADDRESS

professional training II increased from $100 to $180. I

Hope is a better companion than, fear. Criticism should be kindly; and helpful. Be happy and im-I part happiness. Never anchorl because the wind is against you. A resolute will overcomes all dif- ficulties. -

INDIA

sreen._and white in color; Pakis- tan's is one-fourth white, three- fourths green in two vertical bars with white next to the staff rep- resenting minorities, arid the Mos- ' lem crescent and star superim- posed in white on the green bar._

The Governor-General of In-i dia is Lord Louis Mountbatten. The Prime Minister of India ls Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

The Governor-General of Pakis- tan is Mohammed All Jinnah. The

Prime Minister of Pakistan is Lis- i.

qulst Ali Khan. , 'I‘he capital of Moslem Pakis- tan is Karachi. The capital

Delhi.

The Indian Independence Act. August l5. 1947. established twin self-ruled Dominions of India and Pakistan. It'is hoped that the 500 Indian princely states. now outside the Dominion, will join one or the other of the new states;

Either or both Dominions may leave the British Commonwealth later ii‘ they desire:

PFOYIIVIZII legislative assemblies of Bengal and Punjab to meet in W0 Darts -—M05Iem and the res‘. of the population-Jo decide liy simple majority whether the pro- vinces are to be partitioned. If they deride to remain united tlic province assembly to choose ivhich tonstituent. assembly the pro- \ince as a whole will join;

Siud Provincial Assembly‘ to de- t-lde whether to loin the present or new constituent assembly.

of India is New

Premier of British Columbia is Hon. John Hart.

Names of members of the Fed- eral Government from Prince Ed- ward Island.

Ppnce Count_v-Mr. J. Watson

Queens County - Mr. J. Lester Douglas Mr. Chester MacLure.

Kings County -Dr.‘Grant.

The names _of the Senators from P. E. I.

The names of the Senators, from P. E. I.

1. Hon. John B. Sinclair; 2. Hon. John A. Mac-Donald; 3. Hon. James P. McIntyre; and Capt. Brewer Robinson.

(Fill in the Blanks)

2. . 3.

6. Trees are and . 7. Two ways we can prevent forest fires are and

8. Weeds are harmful because

9. is a spring flower. 10. Four flowers that grow in the

' used for ,

B. We plant tree because l. , THE C. T. F

In this issue of the Educational Horizon I shall begin an account of the doings of the C. T. F., and what was accomplished by the Board of Directors and Delegates previous to and during the Annual tsionvention, meeting in Halifax, N. The sessions were held in the Nova scotian Hotel during the day! 0f August llth to 15th in- vlllfilve. with meetings of the Board of Directors before and after the Annual Convention. .

The Directors, under the chair-

manship of Dr. Ethel Coppinger, met on August 10th and 11th to make final preparations for the Annual Meeting and to consider, applications received for the posi- tions received for the position of General-Secretary of the C. T. F. The various committees were chos- fll- Representing P-EJ. TI‘. were: iLAB. Williams. Constitution and Policy; Daniel MacDonald. Fl- nance; and Reginald MacDonald, Resolutions and Nominations. The first session of the meeting of delegates was held on the morn- Ing of Tuesday, the 12th, with Dr. E. M. Coppinger In the chair.

garden in the fail are

. IN REVIEW

(by J. A. S. Williams)

Miss MacNaughton of amncion, on behalf of the 55,000 teachers in Canada, extended congratulations to Dr. Coppinger for the honors bestowed on her since the last Annual Convention. (Miss Copp- inger had been awarded an hon-. orary degree by the University o! Saskatchewan for her very worthy effort as President of the C. T. F.)

During the past year, two form- er presidents of the C. '1‘. l", Dr. Barnett and Miss Eleanor Andor- son. had passed away. A tribute of two minutes silence was paid the late officials.

Al hosts of the various dele- gates, the Nova Scotian teachers through their President, "Mr. Ting- iey. welcomed the vlilltorn to their province. Mr. Tingley informed the ladies that the hospitality iii the Waegwoitlc Club was extended to them during their stay in‘ the province.

Vice-President D. C. Munroe was asked to represent the C. Til‘. at the Annual Meeting of the School and Home Federation meeting in Sackvllle. '

At this time, Mayor Ahern of

After the presentation of the avel to the President hy the

noral-Socrotaryg Dr. Crutchiield,

the City of Halifax spoke to the meeting. He llld that he felt the Federation could do a great deal

' the

MacNaught. K. C. I

Then followed President Coppin- ger's address:

“We are now a National corpor- ation with directors, and charter The C.'I‘.F. has always insisted that

‘the Federal Government take re-

sponsibility in the international field. We too must accept our re- sponsibility therein.

“Canadian education was repre- sented at the UNESCO meeting held in Paris, otir own Federation member and Past-President. ‘Dr. Willoughhy representing the C. T. F‘. We must put into practice the tenets established by UNESCO, as an organization ivhicli we support In Paris this summer a UNESCO Seminar-Workshop on Educational Understanding was conducted. such a shop i's""a' splendid oppor- tunity for stimulating teachers ‘.0 international thought.

"D". Miller and Dr. Willougliby went to Endicott. N. Y., last Aug- ust to attend the organization of tlie teachers of the ivorld- 0w representatives played a leadinq part in the formation of the World Organization of the Teaching Pro- Iession iw.o.'r.r.i. A committee w formulate policy and plan the first meeting of the W.O.T.P. is being held (August) in Glasgow, to be followed by the meeting of UNESCO which will be held Ir! Meicico City In November.

“As the national organization, the C.T.F. lays down policy for Canada the teachers of_ Canada. ‘Unto whom mucli has been given, much is expected.’ We must find the ways and the means to make cur contribution in educational af- fairs both national and interna- tional. The C.T.F. is the mosl important grout) ‘YQYKIW; diff-TU)’ in the edutatlclial firid. v

‘In adopting a national policy. we are creating the ldca of a Ca- nadian teat-iiei‘ with emphaszs on ‘Canadianfi National unity depends upon the outlook and viewpoint of teacher. Wiien we speak of

the tinquslified teacher with little or no academic standing, the statement is made ‘that Whal- romes out rif the school can he no higher than its source.‘ We can- .not help others without helping i ourselves-as we build a World Or- ganization of the Teaching Pro- fession. we gain for ourselves the i prestige that is lacking in some of ‘our own locals. i “Federal aid for education is still the moot question. Through ‘the Dominion-Provincial arrange- Iments, education was to receive Federal aid. This was hinted as a

ourable Louis St. Laurent when he

When Dominion-Provincial ar- rangements are reached, the Fed- eral Government will have to as- sume responsibility for being more outspoken and label the amount intended for education as ‘Feder- al Aid to Education.‘ Some pro- vinces. when extra funds were ob- tained dld use the sum for educa- tional purposes; some used a por- tion; while another gave It to the municipalities and thus relieved the taxes of the citizens without any increase being made to edu- cation.

"The teacher shortage continues tn be a vexed question linked as it is with lowering of the stand- ard. and permitting unqualified irncertificated persons to teach. The short term Normal School course, started as an expedient seems to he a permanent part 0' i teacher-training planning. ‘The

schools must be kept open.’ Jus‘

what is u. school? and when is i’

open? Does an unlocked door and I a person permitted to be in charge lhy the Department of Education .slgnliy ‘school is open’? What oi I the children?

l "Salaries are improving. but neg irapldiy enough to stop the los ~ to the profession of qualified per- sonnelf many who have had ten years or more of experience are deaving. It is the wxporience‘ tiilt causes the flux. We fail to attract thrfineat personnel which our high schools afford- those with high academic qualifications -into our Normal schools. We must give the best possible training and turn out a. product, highly qoalifi , to occu-py- the position of tea/cite In our school ere thoprestlgb of the profession can be enhanced. The question is, ‘I-Iow attract?’ We know that‘ better salary scales greater security, higher penslotil will be needed to retain them. but how shall we got them In to tho pro-

possible arrangement by the I-Ion- .

spoke to us In Ottawa last year. ‘

' fesslon‘!

"The public is not sufficiently alarmed at the situation. Some students who have never had a ‘fully-qualified teacher are now lreaching University level. Some have already formed a part of the short-term Normal students, and to our shame some children will enter high school this year who have never had a teacher with the proper academic qualifications lfor a permanent certificate. These will form l. part of the Canadian Icitlzens upon whom will rest the lresponslbility for Canada, to say nothing of world understanding and world peace.

"Responsibility lies upon the parents; adults in a world that demands greater, .higlier, more specialized skills and academic knowledge have permitl-i! the schools of Canada to degenerate. "Never before has there been such great wealth in Canada, never

"have the schools had a smaller

share of that wealth.

“Our responsibility is great, our voice which has heen a cry lost ‘in the wilderness of indifference has now been joined ivith the t-ry of the child who never had a

ichance. The employer hiring the product of our schools will, per- liaps_ lend a more comprehending ‘bar to our cry for aid for the chil- ciren of Canada.

"The struggle for better school conditions must be continued for the sake of the child. A teacher can escape by quitting. The salva- tion of the child lies iii an arous- cd public. clamoring for direct Federal Aid-aid not given to the taxpayer, but to the schools, and

‘lei it be so labelled."

Dr. Coppinger concluded her ad- dress by referring to the establish- ment of our fulltime Secretarysliip with office at Ottawa, and with an appeal to the teachers of Canada that “we may find the way to establish a Memorial Building In Ottawa dedicated to the service of teachers in Canada; and the teachers dedicated to the service oi‘ education."

As a Director of the C. T. F. lei. me commend most sincerely for your careful study the capahly- prepared report of our Past Presi- ucnt.

At this stage of business. Miss Estelle Bowness. Past President of our PEI. T. R. and Miss Ina B. Phillips. a member of our Board

‘the swear words and the gossip.‘

of Governors. were introduced as visitors to the Convention.

Continuing our report in the next Educational Horizon, we shall give an outline of the accomplish- ments of the past year, as given in the General-Secretary Crutch- field's Report.

nuunll

"i. - . I - - 'a'-'-'-'-'-'hh'¢'-'o'LF-' This Department ts eon- ducted by the Prince Edward Island Touche s‘ Federation. Contributions are welcomed and should be oddrelsed to Millar MacFadyen, 8 l-B Fei- ling St., Charlottetown.

NSEHUMHHN

IIIITIIIIIAL TEMPEIIMIOE

(Contznucd From Page 9)

-.n .i.i

a few stories a little more highly flavouredTi“

“Mr. Self! Mr. Selfl" cried Mr. Criticism. You'll be ashamed by tomorrow morning of lowering yourself like this."

Mr. Intoxicants kicked Mr. Criti- sclm violently under the table. “Will you be quiet you stupid!“ he his- sod.

"Miss Memory has some swear words and a few nasty bits of gossip and some secrets in the note-book that's locked up in that box she aways carries about with‘ her." said Mr. Self. "I'll tell her to get out

“Nevcrr mind about the key!" said Ml‘. Intoxicants, selz ng the box. With one wrench he pulled off the 11d and out fell the carefully guard- ed book. ..

"There you are, Sclfl" crlcd he. “Now see if you can't make everyone. sit up!" |

There was no dou-bt about it. l\ir.i Self dd make t-hcm "sit up" ne! llscd the bad language, he ioltl all! the nasty bits of gossip.

But even the - longest

parties

,comcs to tin end. and Mr. Self got

home somehow.

When Mr. Self wakcned he found Miss Memory and Mr. Critcésrn with fact-s asVong and dsmal as could be.

“l-lello!" tie cried. maker?"

“Mattel-P echoed Mr. Criticism: “the disgraceful way you behaved last night! I did my best to check you. but ihow could I get your at-

"Wlwfs the

tuition when you lot. IntoitiTl, slip In between us?”

“I did not notice he had dJIlE that." said Mr. Self.

"No one ever does." said M», CIILICLSIIL “but; it is what alwah happens when anyone makes friend; with Intoxicainfs, even just go, once-the quietly gets between them and their self-criticism and pm. vents them judging their own M“ ions properly."

“It's quite true." said .\Il3| Memory, turning over the pages 0y he!‘ note-book. "I have notes hm

"f don't want to hear titan..- cried Mr. Self "1 don"t, mad l.) hear tiheml I've learnt my lesson! Have the lock of the Private 50x repaired. Miss Memory. "lid iiut tliq note-book buck again; 1t will b. sale in futurre, for I'll never m, Intoiccanls another chalice to IITIIIP m9 fOTBet myself 5o disgracefullv!‘

QUESTIONS

ti). Wihy does aloohol frequently make drinkers talkative? Value l0 marks.

(2). I-iow does allcohol lessen the power of self-criticism. Value. 10 marks.

OATTERSWADE, Suffolk. Eiig: land — (CP) — An old bone, be. lieved to be tihe jawbone of a m; was the “bomb" which villison Called their police constable (‘ill m investigate.

. . "

w, -

*gna-; . _

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