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Covers Prince Edwxird Island Like The new W. J. Haiicox. Publisher Burton Lewis Frank walker Executive Editor Edna;
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bias 6....
T_’; On The Increase
3? There is satisfaction in noting that, in keeping with the national trend, Prince Edward island's popu- “ tion showed an estimated increase, s of last June, to 106.000 from the 04,629 figure given in the last de- gennial census, June 1961. Our new total is actii:-.ll_y less than the esti- mated gain in Quebec Province blone, but it represents a better Ehowirig, popiilatioii-wise, than we have made since the eighteen-eight- es. We are shariiig. to some extent ht least, in the progress that has how brought the estimated popula- tion of (.‘anada to 18.570000 persons. 2 It is a sad commentary on the hopes held out to us at Confedera- tion that our peak period in Prince Edward Island was not this year of grace, 1962. but the decade between 3881-91, when our population stood it nearly 110.0l':0. This represented 11 substantial and steady increase ‘(of about 3(i,000) since 1861, and liopes at that time were high for an iipsurge which would make us the {Rhode Island of the Dominion— {flourishing industriall_v as well as in our basic lines of agriculture and ffisheries. But we suffered along ;with the other Maritime Provinces ‘Ti-—and more acutely—in the emigra- ftinn to other parts of the country and to the United States, which ignore than absorbed our natural in- :crease from year to year.
5. By 1931 our population had ‘dropped to 88.000 We continued to fmaintain the highest national pro- portion of “farm” to total popula- ,tion. but the number of people en- lgaged in farming as an occupation wvas declining steadily, as it had :done.since 1901 when it exceeded £21,000. By 1931 this figure declin- fed -to 18,306. by 1941 to 16,661 and fhy-1951 to 12.343. This trend in late ;years has been compensated by in- lcreases in our urban areas, and is fin ;keeping with the nation-wide gltrend. One fact noted by statisticians {is that farms in the eastern part of ithe Province have continued to lose ipopulation faster than farms in the Ewest.
With better transportation facil- 7i'ties. concentration on improved §fai'ming and fishery methods and Zencouragement of other industries '{we may hope to see our population Idevelop steadily. if slowly, in the iyears to come. But we can’t afford iio be complacent about the matter. {It will mean continued efforts by {all concerned in developing our lemployment opportunities.
Mr. Pearson's Dilemma The signs are that Liberal Leader Lester Pearson has painted himself into a corner, so far as getting sup- port for a motion against the Gov- “ernment at this time from other opposition groups is concerned. He -contends that these other party imembers have no choice other than to..“reaffii-m the vote of their elec'- tori" by refraining from voting con- fideyqe in the administration under any circumstances. That, he claims, is the mandate they received from the people. But both the NDP and Social Credit party leaders are dubious about”-where this line of action will
v
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. Ifih
lead. rlagttue, its Mr. Pearson says,
.-"per cent of the elec- last contest: but that b ' _ g the Liberals gain- ed at. or¢-iiIn.—-Wet. vmiet either- Ogpiseldon forced on election “A Government lids
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THLRS» SEPT.. 27.
be hard to show that the move we not just a po_ii.ical one.
Mr. Pearson ca.ine dangerously close to admitting this when he said he would not fear the outcome of a new election “because the Cana- dian people know now that Diefen- baker means deceit and austerity." He has himself admitted that the austerity measures were necessary to stabilize the Canadian currency. Does he now suggest that he would abolish them, notwithstanding the need to achieve a balancedbudget and the favorable balance of inter- national payments that are essen- tial to a sound economy?
Parliament convenes today, and we shall soon know where Mr. Pear- son and his party stand in this mat- ter. Meanwhile it is suggested that he be prepared to unveil his own proposals for repairing the economy before attempting to plunge the country into another political up- heaval. The prospects are at least fifty-fifty that this would delay recovery, create more damage to foreign confidence in the country, and produce it stalemate worse than we have now.
There are issues on which we believe Mr. Pearson to be right, and Mr. Diefenbaker wrong, and we have ventured to express our views on these subjects with all the candor at our command. But there is a season for everything. The show- down. when it comes. should coin- cide with the national interest, and when a dynamic program has been presented by those seeking the show- down which would be likely to switch any great number of votes. Mr. Pearson has been studying the aug- uries, of course, and believes the time to be at hand. But he seems to have been over-zealous, or over- credulous, in interpreting them.
Barneli's Defiance
The actions of Governor Ross Barnett of Mississippi, and those associated with him, in denying the right of a Negro—in this case a veteran of the U.S. Air Force- to register for enrollment at the State university are against the laws of the nation as interpreted by the United States Supreme Court. The Governor, standing on what he main- tains is the State's sovereignty, has brushed aside federal orders, leaving it up to Washington to deal with the matter forcibly if it dares.
This is a painful repetition of what happened some years ago at Little Rock, Arkansas, when Gover- nor Orval Fauvus showed the same intransigence on the segregation issue, and federal troops were sent in by the Eisenhower administra- tion.
In this case President Kennedy is hampered by the substantial seg- ment of his own Democratic Party which abides in the Deep South, and which has strong representation on congressional committees. The ad.- ministration. which seemed on the verge of more drastic action in the Mississippi case, has been marking time over new legal or enforcement steps against Governor Barnett.
It is recalled, significantly, that the President did not take the oc- casion of the recent 100th anniver- sary of Lincoln's signing of the Emancipation Proclamation to issue an executive order outlawing racial discrimination in federally aided housing. During the 1960 campaign,‘ Mr. Kennedy said this order needed only “a stroke of a pen", and he condemned President Eisenhower for not making that stroke. Now, two years later, he has learned more caution. He finds the issue very complicated, legally and constitu- tionally. It_remains unsolved, and discrimination continues in the vast areas of federal housing.
This may well have brought on the impasse in Mississippi over the college segregation issue’. Whatever the complications there, it would be disastrous if Governor Barnett and his iiseociates got away with their high-handed actions. Whatever the consequences politically, they must be brought to heel.
EDITORIAL NOTE
According to a columnist in The Nation's Schools, a. journal for school administrators published in the United States, the teaching of English includes “literature an d reading, group dynamics and role playing. telephone techniques. pub- lie speaking. debate, choral reading, mummery and puppetry, etiquette in petting, and advice to the love- mil .
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OTTAWA TOTEM POLE
THE NEW BATTLEGROUND
Foreign Aid, Trade And The Cold War
Although Soviet Russia con- tinues to threaten war over Ber- lin and Cuba. the great struggle between the Communist bloc and the free world that domin- ates our age is most likely to be
fought out in the political. econ- ,
omic and propagandistic fields That is the battleground dic- tatcd by the vast transforma-
New York Times
tion of the world following two world wars.
despite some setbacks and contrast to the uneasy military balance, the tide of battle is shifting in our favor. The West- ern colonial empires are being replaced by a mutiplicity of new and free nations while the
Exchange Of Contacts -
Christian Science Monitor
Communist leaders show a growing concern‘ over how to combat a rise of interest in reli- gion among workers, youths. and others in many parts of the Soviet Union. The presidium of the Central Council of Unions has ordered an inten- sive drive against religion us- ing the press. radio. television, motion pictures, drama socie- ties and libraries on atheism.
One further element in the plan is particularly interesting. Councils and committees of
trade unions are advised “to . lose more followers than Chris-
pay special attention to indivi- dual work with God believers at
Trades .
ithelr place of living.” This ap- E parently m e a n s that church- goers are to be followed and argued with in their homes. This. one may be sure, will be welcomed by the devout. Even if there are overtones of ,perse- cution. religions in general have thrived on such attention. Many
Russians will be ready, as St. 1
[Peter wrote. “to give an an-
swer to every man that asketh l you a reason of the hope that is :
.in you." Communism will I’ tianity will in this exchange of contacts.
A Changing Concept
By Alan Harvey Canadian Press Staff Writer
People are beginning to ask whether the concept of a Com-
This is one of the question marks in the wake of the rece London conference of Common- wealth prime ministers, which was characterizrrl by some sig- nificant. if largely unacknowl- edged. changes in the transac- tion of family -business.
Until recently. the Common-l wealth has been something of ‘
an old boys club. or alumni as- sociation. and the meetings of prime ministers have been con- ducted. behind closed doors. with
all the cosy privacy of ll British .
cabinet meeting.
It was all give - and - take among old friends. an informal discussion with no set speeches. no leaked texts and no unman- nei-l.v brewling.
Now the old-boys network is
a little harder to maintain. new '
members of the Commonwealth are coming to maturity in coun- tries as disparate and remote as Sierra nc. Cyprus and Tanganyika, making it harder to maintain the old sense of in- timacy and exclusiveness.
Tc accommodate the expand- ing Commonwealth. the London
poky little cabinet room in 10 Downing Street. which barely holds two dozen people. to the
.ennrmous council chamber in ‘ Marlborough House. which can
l take at least 100 without over- - crowding. Prime Minister Diefenbaker
of Canada once remarked on
Communists impose on more l m‘ ions the worst colonialism
Fortunately, in these fields. I the world has known. '
l The advanced free ~nations en- joy an unprecedented prosperity which, though at far too slow a pace. aids the underdeveloped countries while the Communist- dominated lands suffer econom- ic reverses and food shortages to the point of industrial and agricultural collapse, as in China and Cuba. MIGHTY STEPS
Europe and the United States have both now taken two mighty steps to consolidate and ex-
road for Britain's entry into the European Economic Commun- ity and political union th at promises a new world super- power as a bulwark against Communism.
the strange magic of “that little l
room" in Downing Street. In viciv of what happened at Marl- borough House. he may ave good reason for nostalgia.
In the larger, more opulent ‘setting. the character of the meetings underwent a subtle change. There were fewer ex- changes of opinion and a greater number of speeches pre- pared in advance; some dele- gallons issued ts of their spokesmen's remarks.
British newspapers com- iplained that some visiting
premiers were thinking mainly
eir home electorates. For tlielr part the visitors replied ‘ that the host country was giv- ing British correspondent in V biased version of proceedings in briefings designed to show Whitehall's point of view in the best possible light.
Sir Roy Weleiisky. prime min- later of the federation of Rho- desia and Nyasaland, com- mented in a post-conference speech that it seemed as though the old cabinet idea had gone out the window.‘ to be re- placed probsbly by something ,more like the United Nations. ‘with all its clashing interests
and rivalries.
A Novel Inspection
Winnipeg Free Press
The major stumbling block in the way of a nuclear test bun treaty is the insistence of the United states that there must be a system of inspec- tion. and the equally strong insistence of the Soviet Union that no foreign inspectors can be allowed on Russian territory. The U.S. argument is that in- spection is necessary to prevail cheating. The Soviet argument that inspection would be- come a cover-up for spying by the West.
A pro 'sal that appears to meet bo these objections has
in the Nova lcotla community after which it is named.
c sci . from both sides oftlselrosicux-taln. sug- gested that since neither na- tion could trust the other. let them put their trust in ma- chines and in an lnternatkniel authority that woiild In
fifélfllfi
fer Soviet territory.
Under the plan. sealed se- ismogrnpha would be given to each nation and they would be asked to install éthem. After
a certain period. he is- mographs would be given to an international authority
which would examine them for traces of secret underground nuclear teats.
The scientists claim that the machines-could -be so-built that- sny tampering with them would show up. The machines would also show iv in they had been placed where they were supposed to be, from the re- cord on theirs of natural earth- quskes which occur continuous-"
Thin ll in original idea, and it is ainifltllf that it via lil- seluithieas
well Is than
from weiitofli nau¢s..Unforsisnateiy scientists can sometmes agree on mat- for in
ten on» which politicians. their-’yowii reasons, cannot
l l y i WHAT
And Congress passed by over- whelming majorities President l Kennedy's trade expansion bill. envisaging an Atlantic partner- ship to liberalize and expand ; free world trade for the benefit of all nations.
_ But these gains are to some degree put in jeopardy by the backward step in which the House meat-axed the foreign aid appropriations. Quite apart from the silly game of first au- thorizing a foreign aid total that raises hopes throughout the world and then dashing them by withholding the funds, th e House action marks the height
of foil . IT MEANS
The hope of our foreign aid is that if can be replaced in time by expanding world trade. That is what happened in Europe, where the Marshall Plan spark- ed an economic boom that now makes Europe our most impor- tant market.
That is also the aim of what is in effect a global Marshall Plan -— to do whatever is pos- sible for the le s s developed lands. not only to meet our mor- al obligations to them but also to develop new markets on which our f u tn 1' e prosperity may depend.
Western Europe and Japan. recognizing the importance of such a program in their own en- lightened interest. have ready joined us in it.
The undertaking is so vast that mistakes, even some waste, are inevitable: and the self-help of the recipients leaves mu ch room for improvement. But we dare not quit in the midst of the battle or curtail our program to the point of crippling it and ion- ing the cold war.
OUR YESTERDAYS (From the Guardian Files)
- FIVE YEARS AGO
British yacht Endeavour 1. un- successful challlenger in 1934 for the America's Cup, was re- ported “safe with all binds” to- night. Lost in a 105 mile Atlan- tic gale with 19 men aboard. she spent 15 days in the raging Al- lantic waters. ‘
Revisiting the province. after four years, for ten days "shoot-
around." Robert (Bob) . woi-id. corrrespossdent of_tlie New York Sun. irrlved in Charlotte- town last night.
A3! A00
( II. III!) Lleut. SJ Ferrell. has arriv- ed from Otadecons to as-
University Naval Training Divi- flgkhuefidtrll the seal that W I.
‘macs - .
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W“ Illnal
l:l5 0.3. -U Iflfl
pond these gains. The Common- ‘ be, wealth conference cleared the l
list in the organization of an ‘
or-bi-..*-~ %, A
I O
Divers -Trained, 0 0
Escape lmuries By Dr._'l‘heodore It. Van Dellen.
NOT one of Acapulco’: fa- mous cliff dlvershas sustained a serious neurological disability during the last 25 in childhood. these men begin diving into the Pacific and per- form from one of two heights more than 1.000 times a year. One is 100 feet above the water and the other 135 feet. The mo- mentum of impact varies from 11,000 to 16,700 fool-pounds per
diver's weig
Dr. Rlchard.C. Schneider of Ann Arbor. Mich., has been in- terested for years in athletic in- juries of the neck. His studies on football players recently stimulated radical changes in equipment. especially sign of the helmet. lie and his colleague, Dr. Michael Papo. along with Dr. Carlos Soto Alvarez of Acapulco, con- ducted in study on these Mexi- can divers and their report ap- peared in the Journal of Bone and loint Surgery.
X-rays of the neck of 6 of the 24 divers revealed that the vertebras were normal in 2. 1 had evidence of an old but mild compression fracture of one vertebra. and the rest had sus- tained fractures of two or three vertebras. None had definite symptoms related to the -ab- normal X-ray findings of the spine, other than occasional kinks. All had sustained frac- tures of the fingers, arms, or
other because of the rce landing. One _diver had retired.
Further inquiry revealed that the first three mentioned div: with the hands together and thumbs locked light. like nose cone of a rocket, to break the force of the dive. The oth- ers hit the water with the hands outstretched. thus striking the head directly.
story. The lack of an elevator to their high diving points has helped them to develop powen ful muscles of the clicst. neck and arm. All must climb bare- foot, hand-ovcr-liand up the steep rocky wall to the highest
oul Garcia. who has made about 26.000 dives during the_ last 25 years. He insists on ri- gorous attention to detail and enforced discipline. i The only d i v i n g death oc- l curred to an American who ldove from the observation sitel j 30 feet above the water. He V fstruck his head on the rocks ow. ’ (Dr. Van Dcllcn will answer questions on medical topics if‘ stamped. self-addressed enve- lope accompanies request.)
second. depending upon the _
i I
shoulders at one time or an-‘
the ‘
ut there is more to the‘
diving point. In addition, they. are u nd 9 r the direction of a 3 fearless 33 year old loader, Ra- l
: Several verified stories tell of l l
1 NOTES BY
Unfortunately. for their peace‘.
mind. many people are If-i fljcted wtb ability to thlllh - 'Sariiia Observer.
In spite of the characteristic prosperity. or maybe sheer Sell-. ius that women have for bclnl late for appointments and events. no one ever heard one of them being -late for her wedding. -— Woodstock Senten- el-Review. .
A gun that squirts an irritant into the eyes and nose of an at» tacker is being advertised Canada as "e dissuader for the defence of young ladies under attack by sex offenders". cheaper solution would be return to style of the old-fash- ioned hat pin. — Peterborough
Examiner. I Slow But
0 In
9 no
we WAT
Be kind to your friends: it is weren't for-__them you'd be . total stranger. -— Windsor: sm-
0verlieml- I young ‘sung, consult his grandmother on g weighty problem. ‘"1! you were
ml your birthday" With real feel. 111! Gffinlly replied. "Not sno- t.lier thing.-" —- Gait Reporter.
A Clutlsem, 0nt.. magistrate, ruling that kissing could trans. fer the smell of liquor from one person‘: brea to anotlser's, acquitted a 16-year-old girl of 3 charge of drinking while a mi. nor. No doubt she has now vowed that, “Lipa, that touch liquor will never touch mine." — ommis Journal.
Not Dull
National Geographic Society
Snails may not be built .for speed. but they are remarkable in many ways.
some snails sing. Others are equipped with 80.000 teeth. and they g n a w at houses. A few may curl up in their shells and sleep four years at a time. One species (Strombus pugllie) strik- es nasty blows with its .
About 30,000 species of gastro- pods range from e Arctic to -the Antarctic and from ocean bottoms to 18.000 feet’ in the Hi- malayas. All are sturdy indivi- dualists. _
SNAIL MELODY
The Burgundy snail of France hums a high, reedy melody while munching grass blades in the spring. Though it has only one lung. this snail is a power- ful breather: its exhalations can make 2 candle flame flicker. l
The Giant African sn all.
which has thousands of file-like : teeth set in its tongue, can pol- ish off a head of lettuce at one sitting. It avidly chews flowers and crops and even has rasped chunks off buildings. A native the east coast of frica. the snail has spread far beyond its ome to devastate parts of l-lziwaii and the Orient. The African monster grows frrm six to nine inches long. At the other end of the snail scale are gastropods the size of small grains of sand. They live by the billions in semitropical brackish W
Anoiher tiny aquatic snail of the Florida Everglades has ex- tended its range to South mer- ica by hitchhiking rides in the feathers of migrating water
r s. Snails are tenacious of life.
land snails that lived for years without food. In the 1850's. supposedly dead desert snail found in Egypt was pasted on a card and displayed in the Brit- ish Museum. Four years later,
9
D.
the rare specimen crawled out of its shell. It ate cabbage leav- es and resumed its suspended
- u-.. an
e. A snail can secrete is lime- stone solution over the opening of its shell. The film crystallizes into a hard cover which protects it through a period of adversity.
Nature has given the snail other aids in its struggle fo r life. If an eye - bearing horn is cut off. it can grow another. eye and all. New teeth replace worn-out ones.
The snail spreads mucus on the surface it plans to cross. This familiar thread of silver slime protects the snail so well it can traverse the edge of is razor blade.
Snails are among the strong- est creatures on earth. A snail weighing a ird of an ounce can pull eight pounds. or nearly
times its own w ght. This is the equivalent of a 10 -pound baby hauling an automobile. Most snails passively with- draw into their shells in the face of trouble. but Strombus pugilis lashes out with its horny, sharp-edged foot. Strombus can eeply wound enemies-— or shell collectors. The snail has aroused the ad- miratioi. of many men. Peter J. Henniker-Heaton founded th e British Snail - Watching Society in 1945 “to promote interest in and appreciation of the snail
r its own sake." The society was sc successful it was able to disband two years later. mis- sion accomplished.
To a snail watcher, the much- derided snail's pace is an asset. not a. handicap. Francis Ponce. a French poet. expressed the view or‘ snail lovers when he wrote: "Nothing is more lovely than that slow. sure. discreet way of moving along... Just like a lengthy boat, trailing a silvery
wake. This is a majestic way to
advance.
tlIefls'IwIIdh‘pfl.hItl£‘ li.“%a:‘@.§-'="‘.:‘l.' ~ llifllifiiw _ .
Saturday for details on how night foo’b:.ill
has worked out for flit best all round
night football
in Canada
This week. Andy O‘Bricn. Weekend Magazine Sports Editor. brings football fans an interesting collection of
full-color photos by Frank Prazak who captured
the excitement of big league football being played under the lights. O'Bricn's article tells of the increasing number of night games which have made possible a total gate of 2.000.000. keeping the fans happy.
the club coffers filled and presenting a Challcngc to photographers. Road Weekend Magazine this
a U'C)gr-i
5'-s:---¢-o-u-ma...‘