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g-TI-IE GUARDIAN;

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Plum-uuu net) weak-day Emma. I1 I& rnuco luwi nua- luluowl. P I. l.. by PM fbonuan Company Limited. "Onion Print Ilwnrd mud uh on Dev” Editor. Frank Walker G159!!! Iluiuor. Inn A. Burnett Irina office: At Bummu-lino. Innluuo IN! Albcnon. Author land on Ioednd Gnu HA1! by t.Iu Poll Olfleo Depuiznaux.

Ottawa.

Dy Cu-nu: Cbarimulnum. Sulnmcrndo 015.00 pot Ann

when in P I3. I 89.00 Otbu Provinces and U. I. per Anmun.

"Tho atongeu memory In wanker who tba weaken Ink.”

IHILILD A. HIM

SATURDAY. JANUARY 23, 19.55

A Peace Department?

A member of the United States Con- gress, Representative Harley O. Staggers of West Virginia, has come up with a pro- posal to create a Department of Peace in llhe Federal Government. It would be

charged with "promotion of international.

understanding, interchange of ideas, and education in the pioblems of peace.” The Argument-a very good one, it would seem -is that, if war departments are necessary for the vigorous prosecution of war, peace departments are necessary for the vigorous prosecution of peace. Judging by reports, the novel idea is meeting with some meas- ure of popular approval. This is under- standable; war and peace hang in such deli- cate balance these days that any plan like- ly to weight the scales in favour of peace can be counted on to stimulate the public imagination.

For all that, it seems unlikely that the United States Congress will act favourably on the proposal at this time, although Mr. Staggers seems to think that it has a good chance of being accorded a good hearing. For one thing, the creation of a Peace De- partment would be almost equivalent to an expression of non-confidence in the State Department. Strictly speaking, the promoting and sustaining of peace between the United States and the rest of the world is the main responsibility of Mr. Dulles and his army of counsellors, under the direc- tion of the President. This involves num- erous subsidiary functions; but, as in the case of all Foreign Ministries, they all add

' up to the preservation of peace - if that be possible. In the second place, and tak- 'ing a broader view, the United Nations Or- ganization, in whose ramifications the Uni- ted States is deeply involved, was set up, primarily, as an international Department

4, of Peace. The fact that it has not been:

able to preserve the peace at. all times and in all places is, surely, not due to any lack of peace-building machinery. As for ”in- terchange of ideas and education in the problems of peace,” what better forum or what better school, than the United Nations General Assembly, could there be?

There is no doubt that anti-United Na- tions sentiment has been growing in the United States for some time; perhaps Mr. Staggers' proposal-however commendable

, it may be in principle-is just one more phase in the process. It does not repre- sent a particularly cheerful outlook. Even with the strongest. support, the U. N. O was bound to experience well-nigh insuper- able difficulties in the pursuit of its aims, chiefly because the world was riot ready to approve those aims without. reservation -they came too soon. If public opinion in the United States-or in any other free world society-were to take on the char- acter of despair in connection with the world organization's life and work. its total failure would be only a matter of time.

A Serious Charge

In a book recently published in France. author Richard Aldington says that the late T. E. Lawrence was ”a fake and a humbug." This is a serious charge to lay against a man who during the First Great War and in the years immediately follow- ing it was numbered among Britain's out- standing soldiers. He first acquired fame as a liaison officer between the British Army and the Arabs at the time of the Arab revolt against the Turks, then allied with the Germans. So successful was his diplomacy and military leadership-to say nothing of the psychological effects of the many legends which grew up about him- that some war historians gave him a large part of the credit for allied victories in the Middle East. In 1919 he represented the Arabs at the Peace Conference and later was made chief adviser to the Colonial Of- fice on Middle East affairs. Meanwhile he had written several books based on his ex- ploratory travels, and in 1926 his "Seven Pillars of Wisdom” attracted wide interest "And much critical praise.

Lawrence's place in military history was the subject of considerable controversy A few years back; evidently, it has not died (bvm completely. It seems, however-Mr. Ald1hgt.on's views notwithstanding-that the

, of informed opinion is that he

heroic and sagacious leader, although

: Allowances have topbe made for certain stories which his Arab admir- their traditional imaginative

significant that the book containing the!

”fal:e and hitntbug” crarge has not been pi-cit-ced in either Britain or the United States.

Exploring Mars Everybody is interested in 'the "outer world" these days; it could not be other- wise when the scientists and their engineers

space, and all the other great expectations and whimsical speculations of atomic-rocket age. It is no longer a ques- tion of whether travel to the moon or

is simply a question of how soon the trip can be made and what travelers will find on arrival. .

In this connection a little book entitled "Exploring Mars" and recently published by McGraw-Hill is of special interest and use- fulness. Its author, Robert S. Richardson, is no mere fictionist, depending on A live- ly imagination, but an astronomer of note and a writer of experience. Moreover, as an investigator at the Paloma Observatory in California he has the most modern tools with which to work, including the largest telescope ever built. ”Exploring Mars" is largely a book of facts, among which are the following: Mars is a planet of beauty- in Mr. RiCflalYIlS0f1'S own words, "an ex- quisite little pink and green globe with a bright polar cap." There is little warmth in its beauty, however. The highest tem- perature, around noon, is 50 degrees above zero; the lowest, around midnight, is 150 below. So far as is known, and judging by earth standards, there is not enough oxygen

'or vapor to support plant or animal growth

as we know it.

From these and related facts Mr. Rich- ardson goes on to certain plausible specula- tions. He points out that the Martian year contains 687 days which, possibly, could have considerable effect on seasonal chan- ges, which, in turn, could very well make possible the growth of simple plants. And, in view of the fact that there are certain species of bacteria which do not require oxygen for gmwth, it is not fantastic to believe that certain forms of life do ex- ist on Mars. Following this reasoning, Mr. Richardson hesitates to say categorically that there are no animals, plants, or human beings (using the adjective "human" for want of a more suitable one) on that much talked about planet. Like all astronomers,

Mr. Richardson is waiting almost impatient- ly for July 1956, when Mars will be less ithan 35 million miles from the earth-a mere stone's throw in astronomical calcula- tions.

I EDITORIAL NOTES

Queen Victoria died this date, 190L V O 0

High on the list of our Nominations for Extermination, says an exchaiige, are the motorists who stop on the pedestrianls cross-walk, thereby forcing the foot-pas-. sengers out into the path of oncoming traffic.

Statistics compiled by the Canadian Chamber of Commerce from government ,sources indicate that not only is the in- ldustrial worker keeping up with the cost of living but he has more than passed it. jln 1939 when the consumer price index was 63.2 the industrial composite weekly earn- ings was 5523.44. In 1949 when the index istood at 100 the industrial salary average had almost doubled, reaching 543.97. In ,l953 the price index had increased to 115.5, still less than double that of 1939. The javerage weekly industrial wage had in- creased in those fourteen years to 559.01. Percentage-wise, wages in this category have gone up 151 per cent, while the price index has risen 82 per cent.

0 O O

The United States may have most of the worlds gold; but that fact, apparently, doesn't have much softening effect on its national debt which at the moment amounts to approximately S275 billion, about 351700 for each man, woman, and child in the country. To pay the bills for the next fiscal year-and allowing for the customary deficit--the President is asking for close on 565 billion. What a great difference universal and stable peace would make is indicated in the fact that more than two-thirds of this huge amount is for "the stern requirements of national de-

fence."

O I

In repiimanding a crown attorney for advising police not to allow two prisoners to see "anyone" until an investigation into their alleged offences had been completed, Mr. Justice Roach of the Ontario Supreme Court noted that "it is fundamental to our way of life that the freedom of the in-;, dividual must not be restricted except in so far as may be absolutely necessary." Hetziiusnpokeoiitforoncdtfnobulictlm dtlonc of law and order. Polio! when 0011101.!) anti many provocation in the line G duty; the ability to men than whil- oulfpuuthg the homer line between law en- forcement nil! tynmiy distinguishes the

are already talking about interplanetaryl travel, anchored and revolving air bases ml

the new i

neighbouring Mars will ever be possible; it?

lwlll reel like rectifying the mistake

A Little On The Hot Side

PUBLIC FORUM

This column In onu to Ibo dfuuo lion by correspondent: of dilution of Inter-It. Th Guardian don nu noun:-ily nnduru LIA opinion d urruponilunla

WEST RIVER. BRIDGE

Sir,-Alter many yea.-s of wait.- in.;, a bridge is to be built across me West River to serve the peo- ple of Rocky Point and the south shore. The sue selected is not. approved by I great. number of the people it. is intended to serve. On what. basis the site Va: sel- ected. in not known. Whether it was to suit the ideas and plans of our engineers or whether the government deferred to other pres- sure. is not apparent. It is ap- parent, however, Lhat. many South Shore -people object to present plans, and these are the people most, concerned, that is, the people who must ai. present use the Rocky Point. Ferry to reach Charlotte- town.

Would it not be well to introduce I. little bit of realism into the planning of the bridge. It would not be impossible or costly to have a. plebiscite in the two or three polls involved. and gel. the opin- ion of the people to whom the bridge means so much. Then with the result of the plebiscite, the gov- ernment. could go ahead, firm in the knowledge that. they were car- rying out. the wishes of the peo- ple and not of groups who are perhaps, not. concerned with the good of the many, but only the wishes of the few.

Perhaps another site would in- volve greater costs. but. the bridge will be in service for fifty years, and once it. is built, no government

of placing it in the wrong location. Let some thought be given to this before the work is undertaken and the bridge becomes a monument to sloppy thinking and poor plan- ning.

Perhaps other residents on the South shore. who are displeased about present plans. make their views known to the Government. It is known that the Gvernment. is always ready to give any responsible group a hearing.

1 am, Sir. etc, SOUTH SHORE

PLANNED MEDIOCRITY

Sir.-The latitude allowed stu- dents ln the choice of subjects to be studied under the pi-ogresslvist. dispensatioii is turning into a boomerang in the U. S. Basing his opinion on a study of 104 public school systems in 44 of the 48 states. Professor Latimer of George Wash- ington U., suys that less if .in half the students study mathcmatics; the percentage of students taking Algebra his dropped from 58 to 20 since 1900; and only 1 in 20 takes physics.

Commonilng on the results of his survey, Latlmcr says: "We have gotten away from individual effort By permitting the high schools to become the iucatlonai bargain basement: of cciucntion. we have insulted the student's intelligence and encouraged mediocrity by prea- crlbing mediocre subject matter I! an incentive for mediocre minds."

Planned mediocrity is the pro- greuivibt goal. Its rt-coll disorders the Deweylst sense of values. For inltnnce, their efforts to f ' f the new method of teaching reading, they Attach more importance library circulation figures than to the standard tests. The number of books a child reads proves vuy little. The only malt. I no in that "recreltory" type of reading in that it keeps the reader: from wutlnc their time any other way.

In I recent letter on the Aubiocl of reading. I quoted a critic of the

greuivlat inability to make px-opt dlltlnctlona. The person I nu happen: to be head of A theological institution; a man who has daily proof of the inadequacy of the new

V The Ago Old sioiy.

ma-.owa.bu-in

iiii Erik 313; 53..

t0'

Mount Egmont, I volcano 8.260 feet high on the west coast of New Zealand's North island, is supposed- ly extinct. But queer things have been happening recently.

Residents hear thunder from I clear sky. They feel jolts. thump- ings and shock wave: which stop clocks but do not register on set- smographa. They find fish washed up on the shore as though dyna- mited and patches of muddy water in a calm sea.

Some say the growl: and rumbl- ings that disturb their sleep come from the mountain ;others say from the ocean. A gmup of geo- physicists engaged in A survey for oil heard three distinct explosions from the mountain, yet no sign of volcanic activity has been found. The natives of New Zaland. the Maoi-is, declare there is nothing queer about it. The whole thing can be explained from their le- gendl.

O O O

The Maori story is that Mount Egmont. once dwelt with other vol- canoes in the centre of North is- land. But there was rivalry for the love of the female mountain, Ruapehu. Egmont was defeated and fled to the coast when he

method of teaching reading; a man who has to devise ways and means tot help his charges overcome 8 handicap that is retarding their progress in their specialized studies. My contention tliat. some parents do their chlldionns homework As well as read for them in not dis- proved in the least by the hectic tempo of modem social life. The late hour at which people nowsdnyq leave to go to dances. parties, etc, gives them ample time to do the lit.- tle home-work demanded by the up-to-date school. An odd mother who went. through I progressive school herself may be A few min- uies late at her bridge club, that):

will rally to an

Reading is a stumbling-block to many in more ways than one. I knew of I self-made man who, be- cause he could not re: the blue prints. concluded premat. rely that he had finished the job.

I am. Sir, etc.

W. J. ENIIIGHT St. John. N. B.

New Zealand Volcano

By J. 0. Graham Canadian Press

paused to lick his wounds for sev- eral centuries.

Some day, the Maoris say, Eg- mont will strike back at his hated rival in A fiery eruption. That ri- val, the volcano Ngauruhoe. has been shouting defiance for several months in its most violent erup- tion in living memory. Egmont, the Mam-is declare. is at last be- ginning to stir in preparation for I devastating counter-blow.

. . o

This could all be dismissed as fable excpt. that scientists have proved that the greater part of one of the volcanoes in the centre of the island was in fact blown away in a colossal upheaval some time in the past. And geologists have found that the river which runs from the centre of the island to- ward Egmont follows the line of I distinct volcanic rift.

And to this day the Maoris. who usually had a practical reason be- hind their legends. are opposed to living along the line between the central volcanoes and Egmont.

While not accepting the Maori version, the government is never- theless concerned at the possibil- ity of an eruption of Egmont. once believed to have been extinct for thousands of years.

(A? K? i f'rnm.;Iz

T0 QUEEN VICTORIA l-fer court was pure; her life ser-I

ene; God gave her peace; her land re-

P0-Bed. A thousand claims

to revel-ence' dosed WATER-Single 82.50-S90-53.50 Double 34.00-u.50sS5.00 In her as Mother, Wife, and Queen; And Hint at. her " met

Who knew the seasons when to take

1 NOTES B.Y

Alulnnlnybolnlotully loath hope that he will refuse to believe 'he can ever do or be anything, but few ever get so far down that they can't imagine A woman might be in love with them. -Brandon sun.

Thocllyoftbofutulowlllnot grow baphunrdly. Its transporta- tion problem And that of its water supply will be Iolvod in advance. It subway: will be in running order before then in A pusonger within miles. It streets will be wide enough for parking at both curbs and for parking in the middle. - sheibrooko Record.

Bird: and anal! Animals noon: to resume that persons who put out: food for. them are acting as friends, They don't seem nearly so timid in the presence of huma beings at thin time of year and come within A few feet. of people who no toning out crumbs. grain or prune Atonu. While nature him A way of preserving heir wild life -it make! I big difference if hu- man beings do what they can to help during the stormier seasons of the year. -Brookvllio Recorder and Times.

From Vienna comes the report that 3500 Viennese wives have voted on the characteristics that make A perfect husband. Efficiency in his Job won the most votes, Fol- lowing efficiency were such home- ly And wholesome virtues as faith- fuineu. being a good provider, in- telllgencef having 5 sense of hu- mor, strength, sobriety and so on. Regarding this report A Baltimore Sun writes comments: Nowhere A word for the Ability to dance the waltz. Nowhere the roquireiinent of appearing in the dashing uniform of the human. These we would have imagined wen the prerequi- sites of my desirable man in Vienna. Could there be better evidence that romance in dead and that the Job of being A husband in IA prosaic there an in other parts of tho world? -Gale Reporter.

Auditor-Geno:-nl Watson Sci!-Ir'n repeated uiticismn of Govern- ment account; And accounting methods have ruched the chase where they imply I criticism of Parliament. For years ha ha been hammering away It the failure of the Government to use so- called cuh account: for strictly cash transactions. Time and again he has pointed to the irregularity of axipendi up without authority from Parliament, and to wasteful practices in the purchase and use of auppllec. As an officer respon- sible only to the House of Com- mons. his report: Are Addressed to that body. The necessity for repetition of these complaints would not Arise if Parliament: took as serious I. view of them-and of tho underlying principles in- volved - u the Auditor-General does. But because members on both sides of the House fail to make is- sues of this information, the al- ary paid the Auditor-General, and the coat: of his offl e, themselves become an addltio 1 waste for whlch Parliament. and not. the Oovemment, is responsible. -

ih I i 2: 2:.

Til-IE wxwj

There's much education go ' acquired outside the classroom, T-H apprenticeship system did and uni): can provide many young pm, whose compulsory Iiiiendaucg In school ll often A waste or ” and worae. with the kind of .5 cation they most need and .,h,"' will do them And the eommumi” the . most good. .suk,,,0 if western Producer. t M

We have pointed out nun 1 in these columns. and ..l.,'.'f;f body knows, many permm who have reached what. the Govern. ment calls the Age of Automaug retirement (save in exception” circumstances) are vigorom health, would rather work than not, and possess I wealth of ex. perience and Judgment to balimc. the new ideas a younger employs. is presumed to possess. The Wm employer needs workers from both age groups, and dog not look too closely at I. worker's birthday 0, his grey hair. -Ottaw: Journu

some of us get drunk. and than bad; some of us lie like dogs, am that's worse; and some of us lovq money more than w. do mug. honor and goodnus. and than worser; some of us cheat, steal and dodge our taxes, and that! worm still; though Among the elect it 11 sometimes nsldered I vim", But the crowning sin of all is 1 hard, unlovlng heart and I Aoul without charity for the militia of others, which mioicu whm others are crucified, and which Attempts to hide its secret Joy arm sniffing and ploua depreciation, Llstowel Banner.

The Importance of Diana Q the fisheries industry ought. to in reflected upon mom by th. youu, of B.C., Just IA in the case 4 science and the fwestry industry science and mining, science and chemistry and electricity and so on. Then in scope and opportunig, in all these intriguing fiolm fin Ambitious young men And women, And our own province Abound: h all these resources cited. Wig should young men want to drug into idle, fruition. Ilmleu live! where by self-application they on quality themselves for ptinnnneu and profitable employment in Judi spheres? -Nnhaimo moo Prun

The bnurdb of I common lan- guage have been domonstruwi again. some congressional noto- taries from Washington, on I oo- operative vacation tour of xng. land, were startled to find them. selves described in A London news. paper in "homely". Before all had written letters of proton to than congreumen, however, n. thought- ful diplomat explained to the ladies that they had been paid A high compliment In nnaluiil "homely" doasntt mean ugly in unappealing. 'Ib say a. woman seems i; ' is to describe he as the domestic type. A: distin- guished from the woman who do- mnnd to be taken to night olul: shots the sort an mngllshmu would like to marry, Upon lum- ing that, the secretaries conclud- ed that the English no indeed I

Tomato Globe And Mail.

people of great dlooomment. .- Clovelnnd Pica.

,i3r;'i"E-35;, ACADIAN HOT ,::::-".3,

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Occasion by the hand. and make Tm bounds of freedom wider yet,

By shaping some august decree. l

Which kept her throne unshaken

Broad-based upon her people's will. And compassed by the invlolntc cos. i

-Lord Tennyson. 1

Here is a chance

The Island

BOOK SALE

rcc-wing at give-away prices. Wolllmcwn authors and novels will be sacrificed on the bargain counter.

STARTING TODAY. JANUARY 22nd THROUGH SATURDAY. JANUARY. 29th

140 1-2 69.

to -get your winter's

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NIIDCAUH to ropnlfot tbodawnpnymontouA'boinop...,. npnirorlnnnadovnpnynnnt

onAnAuIn...orfnrAnyothu on Educ cub promptly At

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FOR HOME PEPAVIRS

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