,. 4;. .l

- - -.-4q-m.

Larnosunr-knaIuIn.ju&I D ti-vIuobP.l.II.l Quhwhxi llllllnsdj.

"Tbostnngednenerybvoisnha fbnwoakedfi.”

race 4 SATUIDAYLMAY Is. in

.-Culture And Politics

The Canadian Government's ac- tion in creating I national cultural council and giving it large sums of money to spend on promoting the fine arts has had an effect on cul- tural relations across the border. At least, it has been cited by a number of American artists in support of their argument th at the United States Government should do some- thing tangible for cultural develop- ment.

Shortly after his first inaugura- tion President Eisenhower recom- mended establishment of an advi- sory commission on the arts. Since then periodic attempts to win Con- gressional approval have been made, but without any noticeable success. The main reason for this dilatory attitude is that Congress-like most legislative bodies-hates to m a k e monetary disbursements in fields where it cannot expect to have and retain some measure of administra- tive control. Art is, of course, one such field. Education is another.

One nationally known orchestra leader, commenting unfavourably on the new appeal for Federal funds to encourage the arts. put the problem this way: "I would dread to see some noble contributor to one of our po- litical parties appointed to a Govem- ment Commission, or made Secretary of Culture, who would tell me what symphonies I ought or ought not to conduct." He went on to say that "the taste of the general public and of the artist is too diversified to allow a Govemment-appointed com- mislon to become an arbiter of the public taste."

In our own case the problem has

been made less troublesome by the appointment of I council which, theoretically at any rate, is inde- pendent of the Government and in no way subject to its control. It has to be recognized, however, that be- cause public funds are involved, Par- liament will inevitably have some measure of oversight, if not control, over the council's affairs. And, of course, Parliament, in substance if not in form. usually reflects the views of the Party in power. It has done so consistently in recent years, on two or three occasions more Ig- gressively than was necessary. The danger of the Government's trying to dictate'the policy of the Canada Council-whatever Party may be in office at any particular time-is probably remote. Just the same the possibility cannot be dismissed sum- marily; and one wonders whether the Council's constitution is con- structed in such I way as to insure insulation of its functions from po- litical influence of any sort and from any quarter. Certainly, this is the one thing necessary for its cultural usefulness.

Sad Happenings

Sad things are happening in M03. cow-sad, that is. for Communist Party officials who believe t h a t Marxist -Lenlnist teachings are the chosen instruments of social salva- tlon. A report iays that I survey of high schools and colleges revealed that the level of lectures is "very low" and that many teachers are making "cram mistakes" from lack of knowledge of Marx and Lenin. Some are even reading their lectures from old notes and "droning away” asiftheydonatcanmlefherfhe students pay any Ittsnfflir to what they are saylm or not.

The students thamselvs, the re- port reveah. are in no better form.

complained of are not unkown to democratic societies, either. Teach'- ers sometimes lecture from "old notes" and. in some instances, drope away in listless fashion. Students talk and whisper about inconsequ- ential things and are frequently less than knowledgeable about the mean- ing of events. There gr-e times even when teachers have to be reprimand- ed by their superiors for one falling or another. But, thank Heavens. Marxist-Leninlst abstruseness is not the source of their inadequacies and they are not subjected to the "guid- ance" of party officials. In fact, only at election times do party officials, as such, seem to know that they exist. which perhaps is Just as well.

U. S. Aicl To The Thais

American economic aid to the under-developed countries of Asia is almost certainly politically inspired to a considerable extent. It is most certainly impressive. Take Thailand, for example. Until the United States started pouring money and services into the country in 1951, malaria was rampant. One person out of every three of the population suf- fered from it; 40,000 died of it an- nually. Now, thanks to American aid and scientific direction. the disease has been virtually eliminated. That, surely. is a great achievement in friendly relations.

That isn't all of the story by any means. Hundreds of miles of roads and railways have been constructed, irrigation systems have been put into operation, farming methods have been modernized, large lnumbers of livestock have been distributed, ex- perimental stations in agriculture and technical schools in various fields or industry have been estab- lished-all with the aid of American technicians and at a cost of more than 540 million in American funds.

It would be easy to point out-in fact, it has been pointed out many times-that this munlficence began after North Vietnam. Thailand's neighbour, had fallen to the Com- munists and Thailand itself was be- ing subjected-to Communist infiltra- tion. Nevertheless, the United States' position in Asia was not materially strengthened by Thailand's friendly stand. And, in any case, the benefits to the public health and economic development are worth much more to the Thais than the little political prestige they have conferred is worth to the United States.

EDITORIAL NOTES

A dispatch from Copenhagen says that the director of the Canal Users Association has decided to resign his post. His reason, presumably, is that there is nothing for him to do. the association having long since gone out of business.

0 O C

The U.S. Department of Agricul- ture has decreed that henceforth the English walnut will be known as plain "walnut". It is understood, however, that the change is in no way associated with diplomatic dif- ferences between the United States and Britain.

I O 0

If, during the past several years, the Atlantic region had received from Federal authorities only half the con- sideration which now, on the eve of In election, is being promised by the politicians. none of the four Prov- inces would have I thing to complain about. It has all been promised be- fore. however. and followed by post- election apathy.

O O 0

President Eisenhower's undoubted popularity does not appear to be winning much deference for his wishes in Congress. Both the Senate and the House of Representatives have cut deeply into his financial recommendations, especially t h o s e having to do with foreign aid. if is doubtful whether any other Presi- dent met with so many disappoint- ments In his relationship with Con- (TI.

0 O 0

As predicted some time ago. the Soil Bank Ilmlfnln of the United States Department of Agriculture has been terminated by the House of Representatives which refused to grant any funds for it for the 1958- 59 fiscal year. Secretary Benson ssyshewillsskthesenatetooven rule the sedan of ms Home and submit I plan In which there can be

THKV5 WMT ..

L

moss tuna:

-.

" D0197 W155” DIE '

MARKSMANSHIP OF MERIT

Steps Toward Disarmament

By George Kitchen Associated Press. Washington

The L'nitcd states now is aiming ,

for I first-step disarmament treaty which would become worldwide in scope and include limited re- ductions in manpower, military expenditures and all ueapons cap- able of firing or delivering atomic bombs.

This new American plan has been hamnwrcd out in talks here

this week between 8dlIIlnl5ll'dll0Il -

officials and Harold E. Siassen. President Eisenhower's disarm- ament aide, and will be offered to the Russians when the five- power UN disarmament negotia- tions reopen in London next Mon- day. It will be presented at the Lon-

don sesslons with the blessings of I

State Secretary Dulles and the president, who told I press con- ference here earlier this

week ,

that the United Slates must be,

open-minded and meet the Rus- sians half-way on the question of disarmament.

The American plan calls for limited open-skies aerial photo- graphic insperton iof territory and small-perhaps 10 or 15 per cent-reduction of armaments as aircraft, warships, submarines. missiles and tanks- all weapons capable of carrying

or firing hydrogen or other atomic l

explosives. FIRST STEP IMPORTANT

It can be said authoritatively that the Americans feel I limited

such major -

llrsl-sl('Il disarmament plan is j worthwhile because once the first step is taken it is easier to lake the second step and perhaps even- , Iually agree on the ultimate goal of atomic disarmament.

The proposal also envisages the -etting up of an international de- y pol, probably under UN auspices. llllf) which nations party to the treaty would be required to de- posit the armaments they shed as a result of the agreement.

in its early stages, the five na- lions involved in the current talks --the U.S.. the Soviet Union. Brit- ain and Canada-probably would such the treaty but it would be open to signature by other na- tions. In fact. the US. govern- ment feels that. to be successful. it sliouldibe signed by all nations of military significance.

The United States, as I key point. is trying to negotiate I treaty which would ban Ilomic weapons for all except the three powers that already have them. They are the United States. Rus- sin and Britain.

WOULDN'T LIMIT HOMES

The number of atomic bombs in the possession of the present nu- clear powers would not be lim- iied under the treaty since the U.S. feels this would be impos- sihle without an adequate and tom, something the Russians have rr-'used to consider to date.

llowever, the Russians have in-

Sweden Takes Precautions

By Muriel Penn Reuters News Service. Stockholm

i stations now are being built under-

Althougli Sweden is neutral and intends to remain so. Swedes are acutely aware that the push-hut- ton warfare of a third world war could overspill political hound- Iries.

They are therefore iakim: the precaution of putting underground I proportion of the country's key industries and airports as well as air raid shelters.

Underground plants. whether power stations. arms factories or hospitals. need no reinforcement. A good thick roof of the granite out of vthicii they are ht-un is I better natural protection against bombs than anything that men can devise.

HARNESS FALLS About half of Sweden's power

around. One of the bigiuxst already in operation is liarspranget, where once the Great Hare's Leap Falls provided one of the tourist sights of Swedish Lapland.

Today. the falls which froihed and foamed down the rock-strewn riverbed in their headlong des- cent are harnessed. A 200-foob high dam Iiolds back the water and a mere trick flows down its almost dry course. The water falls through man-made channels In turn big turbines in chambers some 200 feet beneath the bed of the river.

At Bofors, Sweden's national arms factory and steelplant. the entrance to the underground work- shops is faced by I concrete wall.

When Frogs Go A-Courting

National Geographic Society

The frogs" concert series in Wnsh- ,

inizlon began dramatically this season. "Twonk iwonk." litttlI amphibians. "Scout I3. check disorderly frogs o Thlrly-eighth Place." intoned the police radio dispatcher. Patrolmen found the frogs mak- ing I racket, indeed. But there was not much they could do about it. though some families in the neigh- borhood were losing sleep. - Across the country the same playlet was taking place. usually without police in the cut. The frogs

chorus:-d the

-were heralding spring. bringing

both plea . Ind pain to their bo- rnal audience IDVI. CAllI.l:8S LOVE Not that frogs care. Their music is intended for lady frogs. Each species has I distinctive call. which attracts only the females of the same species. soon, in ponds and marshes, thousands of noating gelatin-wrapped eggs will batch as result

frogs. make I rocket without opening thefr mouths. the National

(hows Society says. Air from . the II forced beck Ind fsrtb

Fro! calls have been the object of considerable scientific study. Dr. Arthur A. Allen. writing in the Nat- mnnl Geographic Magazine, has discribed night expeditlt. s W I t h microphone and amplifier to collect I comprehensive library of frog sounds.

lnveslilzntors find that frogs can make five kinds of sounds: mat- i .:. warnlna chirp, warning vib- ration. fright scream. and rain song. The last is I slnalng-in-tiw shower type of thing. apparently just for fun.

The fright scream is made with the mouth open. in some species. notably the builfrog. It III II eerily human sound It is uttered when the frog is In peril-caught by I hungry snake or raccooa. for instance. ..

In addition to keeping the coun- tryside Iwske. frog calls have been bland for other outrages. includ- lng the inability of some Missouri hogs to put on weight. "Every time that blamed bullfrog gives out III I flow." I farmer declared no I y. "the pigs think WI sound

dlcaled they are prepared. with the U.S. and the other Western powers, to consider I ii i d first-step treaty such as the Amer- ican negotiators are about to un- fold.

There is in Washington neither pessimism nor optimism about the current disarmament talks.

But two factors appear encour- aging. The Russians have drop- pad their insistence on complete elimination of atomic weapons and foreign bases and have in- dicated they are prepared to open up I considerable segment of So- viet territory to aerial inspection.

Any limited inspection of fer- ritory envisaged in the American plan likely would be confined to Arctic regions. such In Alaska and Siberia, nad probably would take in I chunk of the Canadian. and Siberia. and probably would take in I chunk of the Canadian Arctic. It is known that the Amer- icans dlscussed this posslbillti with Canada two months ago and that the CanIdiIn government has agreed to any such inspection which is within reason.

Under the inspection phase of the plan. I plane would llnd If the port of entry of the territory it is scheduled to inspect. There. the aircraft itself would be in- speete tdo ensure that it is un- armed and I monitor from the host government would go aboard for the aerial Investigation.

which would take the blast if Ivor I bomb should fall in front of ii. SWINGING DOORS

Even the huge concrete doors which give access to the mall! tunnel Ire swung instead of being rigidly fixed-another anti - blast precaution.

Well protected. too. is the corn- plele emergency hospital under the big new Sodersiukhuset tsouth Hospitali in Stockholm. One of the most modern hospitals in Sweden. the main building of the SoderI- Jukhuset is perched on I hill dominating the capital.

But deep down in the granite of that hill. with ramps to ease CIO movement of beds and exits info I railroad tunnel in case of need. are wards. operating theatres. an x-ray unit and kitchens-ir fut. I complete hospital capable of caring for 700 bed patients in ad- dition to I number of walking casualties and visitors.

Details of underground military installations are secret. But Brit- aln's Prince Philip. during the state visit of Queen Elizabeth ll to Stockholm last year, saw In impressive display at one airfield. From undergrond hangers wuhere they were stored. aircraft moved up I ramp. along I runway and were Ilrborne within vahst seemed only seconds of the Ilann being given.

they crooked I pure C sharp. and would be In Inset to the score.

One especially hot summer. I Tokyo radio station drew much favorable tommenf with I pre- aram consisting solely of frog calls broadcast from the side of I cool country pool. Listeners reported it made them feel cool. too.

COMMUNIST WAR GAMII

BERLIN IAPI - New Comma- nist "civil war"

"civil Var" gama. Ippa meant to discourage any vfsfsu outburst of anticommunist

III Id other East

rou. IN IJPIIIII MGCOVI (Reuters) - An of- Inouneesnent

. H" Meclicolly Speaking

IA.IY'l LOOK! USUALLY CHANGE POI TEE

Don't worry about the way your brand-new baby looks. Even if he looks like one of your lalaus. don't worry. He'll probably dull!-

OII of the most noticeable fla- fures-Ind Probably 000 9' 3-50 mm, glumlag-of moat newborn, babies is the nose. Frequently it is mlmnped and somewhat flatten- ad after birth: --

Uuguglly, however, It will as- sume I more shapely IPPOIFIICC within I short time.

BABY'S SKIN -

The skin of I newborn baby may take on I yellowish hue during the first few days of llf!- The (301031 range from I scarcely visible shade to an intense jaundice. A- gain. the condition usually clears up within I few days.

The eyes of I newborn infant are very sensitive. He frowns, blinks or closes his eyes when con- fronted by I light. He will be no- able to focus his eyes for several weeks.

EYES ARE BLUE

All babies have blue eyes when born. some may be dark and oth- ers may be light. but all are blue. A change in the color won't be noted until the tyke is about three months old.

Then brnwn pigment or coloring matter makes I gradual appear- ance. By the time the infant is from six to eight months old. you will be able to tell whether his eyes are blue, brown, gray or maybe green. ..

LENGTH OF HAIR

Most babies are born with ra- ther long bIlr- Yet by the time they are three months old, their hair may be sparse. Don't worry.

A newborn infant has hair of I very fine texture which he gradu- ally loses. As he grows new hair to replace the baby hair, it often changes color.

.So give that new lot I few months. Youlll hardly recognise him.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

l.T.: Are stomach ulcers caus- ed from nerves or from what I person eats? ..Answer: The exact cause of al- cers of the stomach is not known. It is thought by many that ner- vous or emotional disturbances may be responsible in some cases.

.nfT" ?oed'&vm

FOR JOHN MASEFIELD

Although your ship is anchored in I cove

of senile water. and the apron Iails

Hang idle It the masts. I In you love

Still shimmers in the sun and moon light mils

In myriad variations to the shore.

The sons of wind and oceans ling- ers. calls

on rhythms that your pen has shaped in words-

" b s' syllables in! tides and wat- ery roar.

The crying rage of gales. I surge of gulls.

And west wind-carried melodies If

birds. All England. anchored in hit so- cient sea IIII heard her heritage repeated well; She holds your treasures for I darkened day Then lets them shine with melody and tell A truth too seldom heard. Your timeless bell Rings grandeur out across I blu- sed isle. William Vincent Siellu in the New York Times.

The Age Old Story

lobold. new is the accepted tine behold now is the day If Ialvafhn.

OUR YESTERDAYS

From the Guardian Files

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (May II. 1981)

The Innual meeting of the Club lottetown Driving Park and Pro- vincial Exhibition Association was bold yesterday afternoon with the President. Mr. James Paton. pre- siding. Although th I financial

t h f I deficit. the dir- ectors were agreed that the Exhi- bition had been I success and ex- cept for the bad weather would have been most outstanding.

The potato freighter "Nyhavea" which has been loading potatoes for the past few days It Victoria left yesterday carrying I full car- go. Another staanlw arrived at Victoria yesterday and II lilo loId- lag I.-..gI quantities of potatoes.

flglsllii-7

ifrom freezing! Some.

NOTES humus WAY .

lame nook no this unapp- erfosecastasborlsgoolhllfoq. ebers in British Columbia when tin 1957-53 E5001 Year evils nest Sep- tember. Education llnfnar Lealls Peterson has revised that figure upward. He says the province will need about 8.& under: over ud above those known to be Ivailablg

Times

IQII have I koener sen, . Iesnssju us. some can uh, uh dronlu II the carpet.-am, don Sun

Man can change tires and am, II can change typewriter ribbon, which is one of the reasons wt, we need two sexes.-Hamlin). spectator

in September.-victim. T The sod In been far-nod IONIC. Mscleod on the site It which I rI- sl.Y Al TL” allcanofutlhoenorllilal fart built by C ll. I o w Mounted Police In OI'I'IW 1:74 is to be erected. rm Macleod C 3 ll Ml"! reborn. But Fort Whoop Hof.I

"P V” ll 1111! barf responsible for brluslns the NWMP to am part 0' L" Ni-ll1U'I'. and thus for the establishment of the old Fort Macleod.-I-otbbridgx I-Ieraid