he Guandlau

"covonlrlloollvllillnlll-IDIOIDOO”

bliuol ova-1 -em dunotnIII8IH9P"l”3"'T- totlohotaul. l'.I.l.. nun Thom-M C-PIN U5 u mu 5: W.-

tlhunte. Iontrul Offln. B iiimeralu Town Bldg. Editor. Frank Wnlku Ian A. Burnett

ofe:IoConndlu Pun

Member

Member Andll true of Circnhtxinl

kernel omen at summordderllonlaoun -04 AIDPIIU

Aulhortud as Second Ch. lail by "'0 PUT om” Department. au"':& ".0" P" I.

Itv Carnot Charlottetown. Summ o -

lun D-when in 9.3.1 moo ouiu Pravtneu -I0 U.S Illa! not If-

"The .?.Z..ge.i memory 5 "I3" "'3' the weakest ink."

l

'””wahi4i3si.Tyf.gi;i”v:g:.jia;qa 7' ,.,.

"The High Seas

In the opinion of the National (ieographic Society, one. of the most

pressing problems of modern times i

has to do with the high seas. How far can a nation go in claiming the salt water around it.s shores? is the limit governed by law or simply by convenience? Theoretically, the seas are common property: but by tradi- tion no nation can control more than can he cm'ei'ed by an 18th century cannon-shot, about 3 nautical miles ---licimi. the much talked about 3 mile limit. in actual practice. most coiintries make their own rules. The l'niteri States, for example. and other Atlantic nations, claim rights on uhai they call their "continental gliplyflsn. These vary from one mile to more than 200.

In former days. and under less li'i.:alislii' formulas. thetsca belonged tn whatever nation possessed the pmipr to control it. The early Phoenician: considered the Medi- ip.-.-;mp.tn to be their own private property. The Romans, in their turn of greatness, called it ”our sea" (Mare nostruml and maintained their rights by force of arms. (Mus- l soiini tried the same device but was unable to make it work.) Great l Britain "ruled the waves" for t.hree centuries or more. It was a Dutch jurist. Hugo Grotius. who started pleading for the freedom of the seas. That was in 1609. It wasn't un- til quite recent times that the prin- ciple he advocated was given theore- tical status: and, at the present time the trend is away from the three mile limit.

In an attempt to brinl 50”” order out of the present chaotic sit- uation. the lnternational Law Com- mission. an agency of the United Nations. is drawing up new rules which. it is hoped, will receive gen- eral acceptance.

A Delusion

when the. visiting Russian lead- ers offered Britain it new trade agreement amounting to several bil- l lion dollars worth a year for a five- year period, much of it. in ”non- strategic" goods. British z0VPrn- , merit and industrial leaders natural- 1 ly were in favour of starting nego- I tiations in the matt.er. since any in- crease in export, trade is of great importance to the country's eco- nomy. At. the time, British officials were careful to explain to the Rus- l sians that. much as they Wanlt”-d l the new business. it would have to K

ip based on the Western nations' refusal to send war materials to the Soviet bloc. There was some hope. based on Soviet statements, that 1-hjg would be satisfactory. How- ever. the hope has turned out to have been unwarranted. As soon as negotiation began in earnest. lhP Soviet Embassy in London which is acting for Moscow in the matter. let it be known that it must be all or nothing.

in order to soil, say, 512 billion worth of legitimate goods, British exporters would have to include in

their shipments another billion dollars worth of potential war materials; which, of course. they

will not-and cannot, under existing regulations-agree. to do.

Science vs. Swallows

Unless we are greatly mistaken. the town of Cleethorpes, l:ng., is in for a lot of favourable publicity. its citizens having made I new venture in courage by parting company with official weather forcasters and set- ting up their own system based on the antics of Iwallows and gnafs. According to a news report. this is the forumh which from now on will dndde the coming onto of the weather: "When the swallows fly plowtoeetcittbegnou, i-unison flu Ina Who: the swallows fly ; on the sun will shine all ' .Aopootry--ifluchlt Vuln- - to-he-this bad: In prophecy. - - no better and no

ilet decision to reduce

sand. a cat eating grass. Everybody knows-everbody except the fore- casters, that ls-that all these things indicate that rain is in the

Ioffing.

The weather experts scoff at these old-fashioned signs and por- tents. Tbatls fair enough, since those who believe in them scoff at the weatlier experts a nd their strange talk. To give these much maligned gentlemen th eir due. though. they don't claim to be in- fallible in their predic.,tions. In the words of one of their number. "weather forecasting is not yet a science. nor can it be expected to become one for another 50 years". It is to he noted that they talk about probabilities. not certainties - A caution which has taken them out of many a difficult situation. For all that. they are now definitely on the defensive. Cheethorpes' citizens. and its swallows and gnats, have seen to that. The issue is joined. Or. to put it another way. tlmischief. thou art afoot; take thou what course thou

uiltf”

A New Plan

in an arlrlress before the annual mm.-ntion of t h e International l,.ulics tiarment Workers Union at Atlantic City, Hugh Gaitskill. leader of Ri-iiaints Labour Party. sug- giwicd that all foreign aid should be rliaiiiiclcti through the United Niiiioiis. This. he believes, would liclp to lessen world tension. ”In the first place”. he said, ”aid given in this way uoiild not be tainted ll.V lllt acctisations about strings being attached. it would take the matter out of international politics. And, secondly. it would enhance the pres- tige of the U.N. as a world organiz- ation". Asked what would happen if the Russians refused to take part in the plan. he replied: "In that case. the world would draw the conclusion that they are more concerned with spreadim: Communist propaganda than with providing genuine eco- nomic assistance".

This idea did not originate with Mr. (laitskill. It has been talked about off and on for some time; and we seem to recall that it was men- tioned at the recent meeting of NATO foreign ministers. Secretary of State Dulles has intimated that the United States would not support the plan, at least for the present. Just why, he did not say. One would imagine that it would be in the in- terests of the United States to sup- port it. in view of President. Eisen- hower's repeated assurances that American aid is not contingent, on the political sympathy of its recip- ients.

The general opinion among Asia- tics -if one may judge by official statements which are quoted from time to time-seems to he that bot.h the United States and the Soviet. Union are using economic aid as a political bribe. It would appear. therefore, that the country which first signifies interest in the pro- posed plan will be at a diplomatic advantage. One of these days. if the Ifnited States remains uninterested in the proposal. we may expect to hear that the Russians are enthus- iastic about it.

EDITORIAL NOTES

His many lslanrl friends will join in felicitations to Mr. Cyrus Ching, who has been honoured at Washing- ton on the occasion of his eighticth birthday anniversary.

The trouble about the latest Sov- the size of their armed forces is that there is no way of keeping check on it. in fact. Western governments are not at all sure that the first "reduction" announced several months ago has actually been brought about. 0 O I

United States Secretary of Agri- culture sayii he is glad "for the farmer's sake" that farm prices in the midwest have increased 495 since January. It is just possible that some of his "gladness" is due to a little brighter prospects for Re- publican hopes in November, indi- cated by the 4',-1 increase.

I I I

Pakistan hopes to be able to get along without outside economic aid by 1960. This is taken to mean that Moscowts offer of big gcale assist- ance will be turned down. it is hun- Od that by the time specified. the average national income will have increased by 201). It arnounfs to

glabout 850 at present. Within the

-. - -N, -- i-true '-on--:5-x-r

. Mac.N'utt of Malpcoue in llill and

l in the 77th year of age. Also his

' beloved wife Annabella. daughter of the Late Cnlnnr-l Charles Slew- nrt Died Jan 1st. IRZ7 age 94 years

”God's Mfjrclrs I Will Ever sins.

"Psi LXXX"

I believe the ahnve is correct.

lam. Sir, etc.

T.V. N1.

i erly breeze with bright harm sun.

wbbe

A

i was not however the Chief Just-

PUBLIC FORUM l

This rolnmn In llprfi hr the dinne- Ilnn by torn-apoutlv-iii: of questions of Interest. The Guardian duos not Imwsurfly endorse the opinion of Inrrupondenle.

OLD STEWART IFJSIDENCE

Sir. -- The picture of the old stone ha 9 near Princetown in The Guardian of the 21st brings in ininrl pleasant visits in the late lllalculm McGougan and faintly. who disposed of it to Mr. Melville Brycnton some tucnty-tivc years ago. and nlin about fifteen years later pulled it doun to make way for a new house.

It was as stated erected in iffzfl by Colonel Charles Steuarf. He

ice. nor uas he the son nf the Chief Justice.

Colonel Charles Steuarl was the ma of Robert Stewart of Malpeque who was Speaker of the first ses- sion of the island Legislature in 1773. and who married Annabella. it sister of the Chief Justice. By this, union there were ciizlit child- ren. Colonel Stciiart married Bar- bara. daiighti-r of Captain John Stewart. Mast-3r of the slllp Anna- bella. urccked at Malpcqiie. There were seven children. One daugh- ter Aniiabclla married Thomas

had a family; of twelve children The follouin: is the inscription nn the monuni:-nl in the Malpcque Cemetery: "in Memory nf Thomas Mac Nuti. Died ltith day of April. 186i

D OUR YESTERDAY)

from The Guardian File:

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (May 23. 1931)

A N-ent (lFSpalfll from Wash- ington annoiinccs the appointment of Cal, Iinhcrl ll Patterson. form- erly of ('ltarlnttctown. as heall of the United States Army fileriical f'ni'p:, Hill! the rank of Major fien- eral.

The .-htppiii: sflabnll has now ur- rivcd. Jiirluiiu: by the niimlicr of vessels and steamers that a.c he- giniiing In call at this port Ship- ping should exceed former years. For instance in I928 forty-tiic ves- sels and twenty slciimcrs called here.

The lciitr aliirr ul 72' irxlrr day was the liiglir:-I l'eEIlI.lPi'f-?fl so far this season. A will smith west-

shine was an incentive to all.

TEN YEARS AGO

(May 23. him

The CGS Saurel and H45 Brant, are bus," putting mil the last loads of biiviys All the biinvs around Prince Edward island have been placed. The few In be placed around the llfagdatrn islands and Cape Breton are mi in port ready for shipment.

Starting as soon as the roads are passable a new bus service will go into operation, between ('liarlottetown and Summerside through North Wlltshirc. Spring- tnn. Rose Valley and Kinknrii. The rompany will be known an the Central Bus Line Ltd. with Mr. WL. Jr: '11. l'IfFslf'IHll.

MA BILYN GRADUATE!

TORONTO iCPt-Marilyn Eell. the only person to swim across Lake Ontario. received her grad- iintinvi diploma from Lori.-(In Col- loge Si-lmnl Sunday in St. Peter's Roman Catlvnlir Church. Miss Bell. ll. sum .12 miles across Lake Ontario lff September. 1934 and last year became the youngest person to swim the English channel She entered Loretta college beclue it it

wanted -:- convent. Lou ” , I Roman

vi

BROAA

OTTAWA REPORT

The Robot Revolution

By Palrirlt Nlrholstiii vvn,-;i cf.-.95 gulnmgljnn hnld in i a human uorltcr previously took

our future?

There are widely different on- ininns on this in different count- ries. West. Germany sees immed- iate prosperity in selling robots to other countries. The British work- er sees the robot rcvolutiiui as :4 due capitalist plot to rob him of his present unprecedented prosper- ity. The American worker has flrasped the fact that automation's at-cater production will mean an expanded industry with more jobs and a higher standard of living.

The automatic factory will not only produce more goods at a lower iinil cost: it will produce goods of higher quality and great- er consistency than does the hum- an worker.

A typical example is in the Chrysler engine plant at Detroit. Therc five men working at two machines were able to tui'n,out 38 units of a certain component every hour. Now one man siipervisim: one automaton can produces 750 units every hour.

Tliesp figures point in a dis-

heartening 99 percent of workers .

becoming redundant on that one .lnb. But this overlooks the need for a liuize new industry in de- siizn. manufacture and service ro-

bot machines. lt. also overlooks the l

multiplied demand for consumer Hoods of all kinds. from automob- iles to beer. springing from the liirzlier wages and longer lei.-iurc' of the robot era.

in typical automated plants in the Aniericau television. radio and electronics indusli'ies. robots are

doing as much in cichty seconds as

Salmon

an eight-hour day to complete. Enormous strides have been made in automation in these industries. so that receiving sets are being turned out entirely unloiiclicd by human hands. Circuits of radio sets no longer consist of a maze nt soldered wires; they are "print- nrt” on sheets of paper. on which the components are then assemb- lcri

One interesting example of the miracles of automation opens up n shattering new field in the bat- lle between the dictator and the individual. Recording machines can memorize the tones of any human voice. and then piece to- izctlier those tones in entirety new sequences. Thus they can now create Caruso singing "White Christmas". which was composed twenty years after his death Thus inn those robots could produce lifelike recni-riim.'s of you and me saying unrds which he never iit tcred. This opens a fertile field for WIl('l'l' hunts and brain wash-

in:

WORKERS OLIT IN Ill YEARS Eciiiioiiiists estimate that lead

tug Anici-icaii industries will be

fully aiilonialed uitliiii ten years

at a cost of only six billion dol-

lars. yet replacing four out of five ,

uorkers by robot machinery. American labour leaders are tin-refnre planning steps to liand- le what mizht lead to a crisis if unplaniicrl. Relocation of labour is the obvious major step. and A hurze opening awaits those who will learn in design. build. tool. sell and KCIWIFP the robots Walther Reiifher predicts that

National Geographic Society

The Aflantir salmon. a staple food hinrc the days of the ciive man. may be saved from extinct- lnn by the United States and Can- ads.

Both cniintries are surveying spawning streams. providing for elimination of dams or the con- struction of fish ladders and re- duction of commercial pollution in rivers favored by the species.

Canada still has n rompariitiv- ely small commercial fislicry but unit in the United States is larc- r-l.v confined to preserving the sal- mnn as 9 came fish. FELISIIED BY ROMANS

The Romans relished the firm.

pink flesh of thy Atlantic salmon. Tlicy imported the fish in quant- ities from British and Gallic pro- vinces, in the first century A l).. Pliny the Elder wrote: ''In Aquif- anin if-tram-cl the river snlinon siirpnsseil all the fishes of the scn " Arcbeologists working in the Pyrenees district of southern France have uncovered an an- cient piece of reindeer bone de- corated with the picture of a sal- mon.

In American colonial days the breed was so plentiful that inden- tures of apprentices specified they could be fed salmon not more than twice ii week

The Atlantic Salmon tors through five distinct phases. Eats are laid and fertilized -on the gravel bottoms of streams when the temperature is approximately m degrees Fahrenheit.

Months later. the alevln or fry emerges. A large yolk sac sus- tains the little fish for about a month. Then It begins to feed on small insects. Soon after. the still tiny salmon reaches the part stage, in Hill period it is mark ed with vertical bands. red and black spots. and I forked tail.

Nourlshed by aquatic life. the pet-r lives in the fruit water stream from ten months to two years. Then comes the migration urge. At this point the pen sheds its distinctive marking and at- tnlns the silvery but of the adult salmon. It in now known as a small.

6309!! AT SEA

Flashing downstream to the ocean. the water area. I feed: lonely on

em nth rapidly.

g I; , and th . . Ie. t

fol nul- Auhugsennbiv-b

aw

I003 begins its sea,

known to i-rfiirii to an.-mning strenius in their ltl'Hl vi-.u. must rvinain in the r-rraii tu-n vearr. nr uiurr. feeding lieavilv and reaching weights of 30 and 40 pniinvls.

Before fish experts proved that the All.-uitic salmon uiirlcrgoes major physiological changes. in cacti phnsc tho fish was thought to be .1 separate species.

One trait of Szilmo salar works In favor of the conservationists. lliiiikc the five distinct kinds of Pacific salmon. the Atlantic sal- ninn fines not the after zpawiuiig. some gn l-iai-li tn the sea and re- turn for f'F.33'll,viiin as many as four times. Atlantic salmon are called kclt in this final stage of their lives.

ANNOUNCE IIOLSTF2 N SALIC .f)Al(Vll.LF.. Ont. (CF) -- The Naiioiiitl lfnlstein Show aminunced rluriii: the wcekenti the sale of If caltlc for n Intal of .t.'l4.775. six of them for more than 51.000 each. Biiycrs attended from the lfnlted States. Colombia and Giiiitrmaln. The show has been held annually since 1919.

;,..-a':.:

OLD MEN IN A LIBRARY

What maiznrt draws them back. day after day.

To sit in silence at these polished tables

While time's slow pulse ticks hours iind years away?

What alchemy of printer: in! On- Iiblrs

The 1 fir) lnw itgglf Q hlflg tllllle

In other people n thought: and griefs and u-i:rs'.'

The old men seldom spoilt Ind rarely smile.

Their reading in the soldnelt of chores.

As though they mined mite ordn- ous terrain

In hope of gold. Wlmtcwl N ml! he

Ttwv IQEII may heaved help then to obtain: '

The meaning of life long can- otuity

Pence. or some of truth the soul aldhow

or 0. can "'":l'.5n. v Jute Yct - 'n-ions, -

. Medically .. Speaking

Iylu-menN.IInIooen.l.lI.

!lADloAC'l'lVl'f'Y IN All ISN'T DANGEROUS ro U! . when no think of radiation

most of in automatically think of a mic explosions.

ctuel . however. all of us are continu exposed to external radiations. Thou radiations are of natural orl n and are harm- less because ey In no diluted. RADIIACTIVI SUBSTANCES Our bodies normally accumu- late minute-but measurable amounts of substance: that are radioactive.

The earth itself. the air we breathe. even our homes. emu- nate measurable quantities of radioactivity. MNBERVATIVE ESTIMATE

it's conservatively estimated that just one square mile of sur- face soil. only one foot deep. con- tain: an average of one gram of radium. three tons of uranium and six ton: of thorium. All "are rad- inactive.

Penetrating radioactive cosmic rays from outer space are in our air. And the earth's gaseous do- cay products. thoron and radon. are readily breathed into our lungs. .

SENSITIVE INSTRUMENTS

The water we drink and the food we out also contain sub- stances. the radioactivity of which can be detected by sensi- tive instruments.

Our homes. too. a nd other strucutres made of concrete. brick or wood. give off measu able amounts of radioactivity.

Right now. the plaster walls in your home or office probably are had a detector, you could even meas :7 the amount. I-IARMLESS AMOUNT

Now this radioactivity is so slight that if. is harmless How-

ever. as we continue to detonate radioactive substances. radiation. of course. increases Yet. even

with fallout from atomic explo- sions. there still is a sizable safety margin.

With 'radioai-tirity all around us, we can't escape It And while w: must learn to regulate it safe- ly as we continue to refine and concentrate rmlioai-tive materi- als. scientists assure us we are in no danger now.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Mrs. A.L.: Can A baby be de- livered successfully by cesarean section after the mother's death. died?

Answei” Matty cases have been reported in which a living baby section after the mother's death.

robots will fill man's basic mat- erial needs. thus freeing enough time for man's full development in the social. cultural and spirit.- ual fields. which constitute the real meaning of life.

This change. probably reaching across Canada only a year or two after it blankets the States. uill bring immense changes in all nur lives. I foresee the shortened uork briniziiig an i mense increase in hobbies. It will. I suppose. bring unprecedented prosperity to the pedlnrs of liquor and lienu: Ii bloody orgy on our highways. It will fill every home with gadgets in profusion. and hence cause I rash of home linlncausls until we all get rewired to carry the in- creased load.

If we knew more abouPtlie com- ing change. we would already be replanning and redesigning our ways to meet the automated life. But in this respect. lacking a pos- itive lead by government. man- agement and labour. the country seems to he dlsmaiiy failing to look forward.

Page 4. The Guardian

NOTES BY? THE WAY

A giant min: pain In been do- Iilnod to allow the coolitnu of chickens at once. Just the

to have when unexpected visitors drop In guilt. summer,

cottage.-Toronto

WI quite probable that few poo- plo were aware. until the report of the Institute of Seaweed was pub- ' lilhod the other day. that the su- i weed harvest of our Scottish shor- es is worth 1.000.000 pounds Ill- iiually. Manchester Guardian

There was A record low rate in infant mortality in England and Wales last year. The 11.518 deaths among infants under four weeks I old in 1955 represented a rate of , 17.3 a thousand related live births. compared with the previous low- est figure of 17.7. recorded in 1953 and 1954.-London Times I

If in I wonder that a white line hasn't been painted alongside the edge of the highway long ago. The ffectiveness of while fence posts. painted with a fluorescent glow for the period after dark. has saved many a motorist from plung- ing into oblivion sounding a curve.

with eyes glued to the edge of the highway. it would seem only logical that it be clearly marked for night driving.-Brockville Re- corder

when an Italian liusbnnd came home and informed his wife he had been fired. she took things in her nwn hands-namely a club. Site beat him into IIIIL . lousneiis and then went and clubbed his erstwhile boss into the same con- dilioii. It isn't related whether the man got his job back. but prob- ably both he and the boss learned ii lesson. The man will stick to his job after this. providing no excuse for disniisaal. and the boss will think twice about firing any- one else -Windsor Star

An elderly man held by the pol- ice at Kilt-heiiei' was travelling light. so for as baggage was con- cerned. but the thirty-six pockets in the clothing he was wearing yielded enniinh contents to fill a bushel basket. Charged with vag- rancy. the seventy-year-old man was found to be wearing three suitcnats. three shirts. three scar- Ves. one vest and a trench coat. . That eliminated the necessity of carrying a suitcase and besides iir explained. he put them all on flt'C8U5E he didnt want to lose tliiim.-Saint John Telegraph Jour- i ll?!

THE All-CANADIAN.

164A Kent Street

ANNOllNCING

ft": quid: and easy to borrow at Tun: Canada Credit. Loam over 8500.00 can be repaid over as long as two years. Smaller loans may be repaid over a 15-month period. And remember . . . Trans Canada Credit loans to 8358) an We-insured If no extra Golf.

IIIGK BASH LMHS Wm 6-'.4;f'.4IxI &?fJig7'

..'nil in the time of year when husband: have crlclu in the bat-li, It lull! off helping with the house. cleaning.-Snail Canadian ob.

NWO?

Another exunlllo of I chain re. action occurs when a woman starts out to move In ubtny and end; up by rearranging the furniture. -Kltcllner-Waterloo Record

American Govenumm seem: to realize what Mr. Pear. son has been telling it for aevei-.1 year: that NATO must. continue as A military alliance and cannot afford to reduce its military strength. but if it is to live long. flourish and expand it must. begin. very late. to think in economic and political terms. especially in terms of trade. For trade. more than anything else. much mom than aid. will unite the purine”, -Victoria Times

An elderly man walked into 1 Fort William bank this week and handed I teller a 10 dollar bill. Naturally she thought he wanted it deposited t.o his account. she started to make out a deposit slip and asked him his name. The young lady couldn't find an ar. count under that name. so she asked him if it was a new HP- count he wanted to open. The man shook his head. After a lot of con- fusion and fuss. the truth came out. The name'he had given Hag a brand of Scotch whisky. He had come into the wrong building Fort William Times-Journal

Whats The Truth About Bridey Murphy?

Under hypnosis a housewife re- called a "previous Life": gave eerily factual details about how she grew up a century ago in Ireland-even how she watch- ed her own funeral.

June Readers Digest brings you the story behind the story that has gripped everyones im- agination-and the attempts of doctors and scientists to explain it.. Get your June Reader's Di- zest today: 38 articles of lasting interest. condemned to save time.

LOAN COMPANY

Dial 853

. d . ,.?a-.-.-4

a new ffafter-hours ” service

now being installed

at W

II I Ifllldl umun

. . .for ”around-the-clock” personal or business banking!

This new B of M service, now being installed at many B of M branches across the country. is especially designed to facilitate the deposit of cheques or cash - any time of the city or night!

For Personal lonkfng . . .

IDEAL for Saving: and Chequing- account customer: who need only drop their dopooiu through the letter slot in the depository unit oulnlde the building. A special envelope Io hold depoolu will be supplied by the Bank.

hr liuliiou looking . . o

IDEAL for merchants and other late-hour lmoiuooomon who need only place their roooipu In a special looking wallet provided by the Bank and drop it through the door In the f ace of the depository unit.

Fl"d N" "'5'" "W 7"1t'Y?0'W0?9k. 24-hours-o-day depository service can he of NIP '0 3'0"---"'7 member of our out will be glad to give you full particulate.

BANK -or MONTREAL -

IEN RMVM, Man: --r

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I05 - I01 Grafton Street Clurloffotan. I

VOIIIII WWI CANADIAN! II QVIIV VAII C! III! II'ICI' 71!?

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C