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- OCTOBER 1. 1932

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rTHE‘ CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

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. . . V I Sanitation In Sansom Pen Wins . Dlsease Report of tbs Prince Edward 1a- m»... i... ‘.2.‘2.i..1'-'..‘.;’.i“.'..°.‘l“';ffi§§.‘.“°”°‘ flnitation is a most important Stand- Pen Name Eggs Points lecture in the control of many ins no. no. and ad- to to plant diseases and concerns partic- dress date date Ill-ally the destruction of diseased 1 ii William Sansom 2481 2880.1 material so that the sources of in- 2 12 Exp. Sta, Ch’- feotionare eradicated asfaras town .. .. .. .. .. 2827 2888.0 possible. - 8 15 Exp. Sta, Oh’- While sanitation is a necessary ' town .. .. .. 2180 2208.0 feature in control of bacterial dls- 4 17 Exp. Sta., Ch’- aases it is also extremely valuable town .. .. .. .. .. 2224 2201.7 l1‘. helping to control those caused 5 14 Exp. Std, Ch’- biyflmgi. Inboth types of diseases town .. .. .. .. .. 2188 2287.1 the casual organism remains ac- o l8 Exp. Sta, Ch‘- tive from year to year in diseased town .. .. .. I118 2224.9 material, and all such material acts 7 16 Exp Stal, Ch‘- as a. source of infection for further town .. H]... .. 2181 2219.7 lpread. With fungus "seases spray- 8 8 Int. Fox and An- lng practices can generally be de- imals Floods . .. .. 2184 2107.8 pended do to give satisfactory 9 8 B. 1t.- Pendieion .. 1870. 2078.4 control; but this _ control is made 10 8 Exp. Perm, hed- easier arid more complete if dis- ericton , _, ,, 1933 3049.4 eased material in so far as possible 11 l6 Exp. Sta", Ch’- is destroyed. Bacterial diseases. town .. .. .. .. 1870 2006.5 however, are not so readily 0011-‘ 12 8 Mrs. J. l. East- trolled by spraying practices, and. on. .. .. .. .. .. 1830 1079.1 therefore sanitation is a necessary 13 4 The Roe Poultry feature in all control recommenda- 55ml; __ __ _, 1737 19535 lions. This has been repeatedly de- 14 2 John P. Poole .. 1884 1864.0 ulonstrated. in the case of’ fire l8 l1 William R. v blight, a bacterial disease o! poll’! Brown .. .. .. 1782 1887.8 uid apples. which is only control- 1s 10 s. n. Pendleton 171s mass led by removing and destroying all l7 v Harold Laird 1524 11:30.0 diseased material. 18 1 John B. Poole , 1871 13918 Virus diseases such as mosaics 3533a

and leaf curl are also controlled by roguing out 'and destroying affect- rd plants. Experimental work with the virus diseases affecting rasp- berries has shown that losses from

i". A. Driscoil, Manager of Con- test. Dr. J. A. Clark, Superinten- dent. Production 41.8 per cent.

beading Pens for Week.

ihese diseases can be sreui-ly re- .Pen Eggs Points luced by thorough and careful ro- s 47 48.6 guing or stock for planting puiiw- 12 42 4s. res as well as during the first two 8 42 48.8 years of- the plantation. certified 14 s1 41.5 raspberry nursery stuck h“ W“ 17 s1 as:

developed by the Division of Bota-

ny of the Eirperimentalfirarms. t0 Leading Hens to Date.

aid growers in combating gghese p", He“ Em Pom“ HIRE-EGG by imking Blldillbie fill‘ a 3 331 5015 ease free stock for planting puri>°‘ m 4 35g 313,3‘ aes. In the case of other crops, vir- 9 g 343 m; us troubles can only be controlled’ m 9 34g m. by destroying affected plants. 5 q 354 3m‘

Soil borne diseases such as wilts and root rots are also best con- trolled by sanitary methods. Plants affected with these troubles should beigathered and destroyed and not allowed to ‘remain in the gropgld where they serve to infect the ‘goil and cause it so become Psick”. Such ion will harbor the disease organisms for a number of years. and suxepti“ crops may become affected with the disease. At least a fouii year rotation of crops is ad- visab where trouble has been ex- perie ced with these diseases.

Growers therefore, can aid very materially in control measu ca by sanitation or destroying all dis- eased material, thus reducing the sources of infection for these‘ troublesome diseases.

tVheat Clearance

Export» eiearsnces-:‘~of~ wheat for the week ending September 8. amounted to 8,080,842 bushels com- piled with 4,107,424 bushels for the previous week. Clearances for the week were higher from Montreal and Churchill, and lower from Vancouver, Sorel, and United States Ports.

Export clearances for the- six weeks ending September 8, amount- ed in 20,711,878 bushels compared with 18,888,027‘ bushels for the same period of 1081-82.

All Canadian ports have shown increased clearances of wheat this year as compared with last year. The most important gain is regis- tered by Montreal with clearances of 10,814,072 bushels compared with 4,056,808 bushels for the same per- iod last year. It is interesting to ‘note the volume of clearances for Churchill during recent weeks when 1,810,802 bushels were clear- ed. i '

Pennies Blooming Period

Most people oonsid the wonder- lul peony ~a flower of a very short blooming period. Such. however, is

Wheat Crop Changes I uut-mok '

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The crop year of 1932-33 opens with a changed international s-tu- ation as, compared with that a year ago, according to the Agricultural Department, of the Canadian Ne- tional Railways. C“ concern mostly the United States, Russia. and the Danube aiea. On account of a very poor winter wheat crop the United States will be about on a domestic basis. Danubian coun- tries have harvested poor crops this year and the surplus is very small- ‘Last year the Danube area shipped heavily during the Fall months and exports from Rumania were subsidised, adding w the pressure

of supplies “ from the Black Sea region. Russia has also experienced difficulty during lhe}. present season and. there is reason, to believe that the Soviet will not: ‘be. largo exporters in 1832-33. The; jshortage of grain, wheat in pa. tic-I ular, which became evident early ini

plans and they will be more guard- ed in the amount of wheat offered for sale. such exports as are made this year will have to come from interior points which will make a movement equivalent to last year's difficult. Furthermore, reserves of wheat are low and with a larse population to feed, the food ques- tion will be acute until reserves are built up. All of this means brigh- ter prospects for Canada's bump- er wheat crop this year of over. 400,000,000 bushels and hastens the return of prosperity to the Western farmers. World shipments for the first three weeks of the present crop year have been les- than half of the total for the same period _last yea“. Two thirds of all wheat

' shipped so far ih's season has orig-

linate‘ ‘n North America.

uanadzfs Show Window

one different lines of Canadian land. annual exhibition opened in that-city September 1 for a period of 14 days. Information received by the Department of Trade and Commerce here indi- catcs that the Bristol exhibition is being better patronized this year

by Canadian firms than in former‘

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I-mi, effected Russia's seedirili‘

' Canada is represented by fortyg

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i FOR e FARMERS, STOCK. BR EEDERS AziilD

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NOTES

ircmrorcrxsoourr f:

While poking about after wild plants near one of our summer ho- tels, I found what I thought was the bioody-veinled Dock, Rum- ex Banguineas 1.. 1 had read in Bains “Natural History" that itwcstobefomidizithe Island, "and the little red leaves made me feel sure that I‘ had found it too.1 took a plant homv. and gave it good treatment. and behold it turned out to be iRumex obtusifolius L., the Bitter Dock. I was mistaken, but so was

iBa n. the R. Sangu neus‘ is not

iound in Canada.

As will be seen. it is necessary to have some knowledge of the plant. The lower leaves are ovate- heart shalped and obtuse (or blunt- pointcd) ” the name Rhobtusi- folius. The upper leaves are oblonl" lanceolato and acute. and the fruit is surrounded with a Jagged-tooth- ed membrane. The whorls of fruit are loosg and at a distance from each other on the stem. The young g ‘Jeeves are crimson in spring.

A writer in the Fanners Advo- cate says: "A safe and sure cure for scours is foundon almost every farm in the mmon dock or dock- en. I have looked it up and it is written in the books that its name is Rumex obtusifolius, belongs to the same family as buckwheat and knotgrass, and should never be giv- en a show upon any decent farm, but should be dug out and destroy-

d on sight."

The made of adminksterng is given as fo.lows. The-root .s dug. washed clean, and the skin or bark

iscraped off. ‘It is then chopped

into small pieces and infused in a. pint of boiling water. When this cools. strain and administer the water as a drench. For a suisll. young caii, a small root, half an inch in dameter is enough, but if the calf is old and big, a 111K801‘

food products at the Bristol, Eng-i root must be mam "me m" Wm which usually be all right next day after

‘the draught and ready to take its milk as usual. 1f it has been with- out feed for some time, give a small feed to start and then in- crease..Treat it as an invalid. After

‘a bad case of scours is cured there

is danger of constipation. Should

the animal show signs of this. gve

In addition to displays of Cana- Mn a pm, o, "w Imam om.

dian food products, Canadian pipe tobacco and cigarettes, Canadfim timber and Canadian silver fox Jieitr are also being exhibited.

f‘ incident the exhibition, the Canadian Gov- crnment-axhivtion commission has arranged fora number ofthe lead- iua Brocery stores in that city to make special window displays of ‘Canadian food ,.. iiuts-nepsrt- i men; of Agriculture, Ottawa.

i

Tobacco Exports Grow

UITAWA - Increased populari- ty of Empire tobacco in the United

‘Th9 above was given by a vet- winarian to a friend and neighbor

i of mine. I have used it and found

it certain. The veterinarian said

Wm‘ the ‘mam! ‘m it was the best and surest treat-

ment he knew. I am passng it on to those in trouble with their cal- ves. When cured the calves’ Den should be "cleaned ti‘

about them.

A New Peat on Balsam 1-1:

I recently canlé across some Bal- sam Firs whose trunks for a dis-

not necessarily the case. with lit-

Whils the total movement of

Bmund, measured 20 feet. The "stem" was 1,8 feet lung, it was iiaif an inch in diameter when it joined the rocks, and tapered lip-l wards towards the blade where it‘ was one inch in diameter. On the lumm-t of tits "stenf was the blade, .8flO801i!i-€, seven feet long, and ten riches wide. The edges of the blade were crinkled and the whole plant looked like one of those fearsome Pikes. with which robust ancestors used lo puncture each other. lit

was a kind of leather color.

There was a little Ulva nctuca, n; Sea-ietiuce, but, not much, it grows in sheltered crceksand is not so much dsturbed by storms. Bladderwlaok, (Fucus vesiculosual and its relative F. serratus ~were sparingly present, the bladder- w-rack is than flattened 0.i\v'€-COi0l‘9d seaweed we see growing in wooden piles, wharvcs, etc. just at the water level. it has lttle b'adder lke air-cells embedded in its fronds and the;e account for its popular

name.

But the great mass of the piles 1 seaweed was composed of the bread-like or string-Ilka forms, i041. sreen. hia..k and crown. Sea- weed, I imagine, requires special exam nation to be sure as to their names, and it was the authorities at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Surrey, England, who made the de- term nalions of two species. One was Rhodymenia palmata, a pretty rose-colored species, with narrow fronds, and the other, a brown sea- weed with string-like, much-divid- ed fronds, was Poiyides rotundus. Two otheri, one light green, the other brown, and both looking lke immense masses of tangled thimad. they were not able to name for me. because the fruiting stage rwas absent. 1, ‘however, kept mounted zpecimens of all four.

Our species of Fucus grow in the littoral zone between h gh and low tide, while the Laminai-ias com- mence at low water and extend to

a depth of 15 fathoms. (The Fuel-

increase towards the tropics, the rose-colored seaweeds abound in the temperate regions, while the green alone are boreal).

Not many appear to have stud-

lAlso hoppers eileii- F‘ 05h Water i5 cmtinuiwnly the sire as he is one half the herd. | isuppiied. a. light feed of scratch.

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PRi-ill-UCTION

(Experimental Farms Note)

Puiiets on being put into winter quarters before they start to lay, should be fed heavily on green feed and the houses kept open as wide as possible, so that the change from range conditions to confine- ment, will be as little as possible. They should be handled verycare- fuily and feed changes should be made gradually. Through experi- ments conducted at the Dominion Experimental Station, Lennoxviiie. Que, it has been found that a sud- den change from a growing mash, which the birds received while on range, to the laying mash, which they receive when placed in winter quazters, will cause mouit, thus detaining egg production for a per- iod of eight to twelve weeks.

Many make the mistake of feed- ing tco heavily on high protein mivhes- Grain must be fed 1n such proportions as to keep the birds in prime flesh. Should the puliets show an inclination to put on fat, the mash is increased which will result in greater egg production. 0n the other hand, should the pui- lets show a tendency to lose weight the scratch grain is increased, wh’ch will result in a consequent lessening of the production, but an incense in weight of the fowl. i

Should the feeder ignore the danger signals when the birds be- gin to show a loss of weight and continue, to force egg production by heavy mash feeding, the birds will continue to lay at a high speed until they become so reduc- ed in flesh that they will finally break, which in the long run means a lower egg production than if (hey had been fed so as to ktep up their body weight and continuous production. even if they do not produce at quite as high a, ‘ale. i " The following is the system of fced'ng in use atyihe Domini” Eirperimentai Station l..ennoxville,i Que, always bearing in mind what has previously ben said with 1-- ference to keeping a proper bai-i ance between the mash and Grain part of the ration. !

The laying mash is kept in hop- pers before the flock at all timeai of grit and oyster‘

grain is fed in the litter in the

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anon DNES

(C. 1t‘. MacKenzie)

While an interested observer at the Central School and Calf Club Fair, held at Charlottetown recent- ly. the thought came to the writer, “what a. difference it would be to the dairy industry in this province if all the calves raised on Prince Edward Island during the year 1932 were as good as the average ones shown at .the above fair, and why not"?

‘Of course, all our farmers do not have the advantage of having a real good dairy sire, but with the help given by our federal and lo- cal departments of agriculture,

l

there should be no lack of good

sires. Now to make a passing es- timate of young breeding stock in ' our province. It is estimated that we have about fourteen thousand farmers on Prince Edward Island and at least ten thousand of these ; are da'"y farms to a greater 'or| lesser extent, and estimating that. the average crop of heifers each. year is three. This means we have , thirty thousand heifers each year, which either go to take the placel of cows sold or increase the herd. Now supposing that two-thirds of _ these calves reach cowhood, we have twenty thousand young cows that if properly bred and better fed, should return to their owners at least five pounds more milk per day than did their mothers, therefore, we have over a milking period of three hundred days an increased yield of ‘ fifteen hundred pounds per cow, which makes an aggregate of fifteen thousand tons of milk in the year which at present prices of say one dollar per hundred, would mean an increased revenue of three hundred i thousand ‘dollars io which may be l added the increased value of these cows as future breeders. Therefore _, more attention to better breeding should be the slogan of our farm- ers, as the same applies to our beef breeds as well, on account of the greater weight and better cuts to be found on well bred beef animals. Then, with the slogan of "better; breeding" as our motto, let us pay I greater attention to the selectionI of our breeding animals, especially|

The breeder who wishes to in- crease the milk and fat production

ed ti“ s"w°°d5- whim L‘ ‘urims’ morning. Green feed in tho 1°11“ of his herd, naturally and correctly

m3 wnslderlm ma‘ ewimm ml ‘of cut clover ilfly. msnseifi 0i‘ 00b" ‘selects the sire with high produc- imP°“““°°- we i“ ‘he s" "’°“‘d bage is then eiven- A feed of meistition in his female ancestry as m- I i” imlwssibie "Milli" the mwwds- mash is fed w. mid day, as that is back as possible. Mark the last

Just 3'5 me mum ‘wt exist ‘m land a very convenient way to use table clause as far back as possible. True wmwut the masses‘ The? help m scraps. A full feed of scratch grain the immediate dams have the great- I

ierate the water, they give shelter to myriads of small animals which

"e the f°°d '3’ ‘he In?“ demmns mash in use ag this Station, at the ‘producing ancestry that the breed- , are a5 followsz-‘ers may expect the best results.

of the ocean. Some seaweeds are

’s given in the evening.

The scratch grain and laying

present time,

edble, the Rhodymena is the dulse scratch gram. 1 p“, when,“ 1 u; 01' the MOW-til 0035i. End the dii‘ cracked Con; 1-2 051g 1.2 bgflgy; ,is the prepotency of the sire. Has

a common street cry in Edinburgh. Seaweeds are still burnt for making barilla, an impure carbonate of soda, and the calcined ssh, called Kelp. was also used 2h the manu- fscturg of coarse giass, Lastly the

1-2 part alfalfa

meal, 2 percent charcoal, 1 percent salt, 2 cod liver oil.

I

Some Facts

[est influence, but it is from the]

sire with the long sustained high i

The next factor to be considered

° w‘. iluk i’! the mm- oi" m" i5 the Mash; 1 pug bran’ 1 p“; mgddp ihe the ability to transmit the pow-‘

This is l V"? 11891111 Prelofillt‘; "lever" of Britain. Laminaria is ‘us’ 1 pa" com ma“ 1pm,.’ fine-tars and abilities of his ancestryh i011 l0 RIWW- M05‘. if 110B B11. 0! eaten in Northern Europe under 1y round oats’ 01-11‘ W005! hi" 5191111311101 ‘md elm", the name of "tangle," and fifty meal b2 pa" animal feed mixture ers and fat producers is often for- ylvperties, if only we knew more yum ‘so “Bu,” and Tangle» was 3 pa; cent bone '

iThe ability to produce heavy milk-

igotten and our farmers, on account of the breeding and the necessary extra care of mature bulls too, of- ten either sell or send to the block real producing males. One partic- K

éhRDéfiNERS i

-Moncton within the past two weeks

‘largely depleted so that the lniill

ular incident comes to the writer, may be B010 l0 81V’ 50019 fulfil" where a number of farmers clubbed illi0flllaii°h °li 5610mm‘ “m! bwed‘

PAGE SEVEN

E 3'! % 3Z3 3%

Package Business Growing

Additional proof of returning Prosperity in the Maritime Pro- vinces is shown in the increase in package express shipmentsthrough

according to local officials of the Canadian National Express. Pack- age express ‘shipments form a good barometer as to general business conditions as no one particular" commodity is indicated. This in- crease is in line with reports from other sources and would go w show that a definite upward trend has set in. Coupled with the opti- m'stic outlook for higher prices to farmers in the Maritimes for pota- toes and a good export market fol apples, it would seem that the Maritime Provinces will fare better this winter than was at first anti cipated. Lumber stocks have been