-7.19 Guardian

"Enron Irma: unu hind uh Ila DOV” ubllshed every week day nonuns at 153 Pnnu DING- lotulnwn. P. IL. in Hill Thomson Conway HO M King st. W- Tomlin. Ionlnu Office. 5 l nnersiiy Town: Ill!- Ediior. Frank W: Genrr-I Mun-gut. In A. Burnett Member Ca din Daily NGWIDIPII Publishers Auoclaihn .-lcmber ol III: Canadian Pres: ui CIl'CIlllll0II Branch office: at Sui-nmerude.vhlonuguu and Alberto- Authorixsd u Soc.-and cm. man by "-0 P0-I 0”" Department. Ottawa. 3; Carrier Lnnrlutlzlown sunimeruan !Ia.Ilo PC! us win. Eluwucn in P.E.l 30.00 other Provinru no U.s si2.no vet an-I-In gg .-"The strongest memory is ""3" in” the weakest ink." ”"1-vi-:snAv. JUNII 75.71356, Mg

New U- 5. Farm Bill

Altcr months of Coiigrossioiial bickering. most of it inspired by the coming geiicial election, a farm bill has hon made into law by the pre- sidcniial si,-,'iizitLii'e. It is clear that Mr. liisciihowt.-r signed it because it was the l)C.sl he could get, iiol be-

cause he was pai'ticLilai'ly pleased with it. it would be unthinkable to go to the country without some-

tliiiig in hand as an cnticcniciit foi' the farm vote. The bill differs from the previous one which the Presi- dent vetoed mainly in its ignoring of high parity prices, for which most licmocrats have a preference and most Republicans do not. The soil- hank plan which the administration favours and under which farmers will be paid for taking certain acre- age out of production and putting it into soil building crops has been rctaincd. Under it almost 331 IK4 billion will be expended. This will hat 9 to wait until after the election, hows.-vcr, as the Democratic major- ity in Congress was not disposed to give the -Republicans the political sending cheques to farmers a few weeks before voting time. The Democrats are hoping that farmers will forgive them for this. in view of their insistence on high parity prices which the admin- istration rejected. Perhaps they will and perhaps they won't. It is at best I political gamble.

One disquieting feature about the bill in so far as it concerns foreign trade is the provision which calls for the Government to put certain surplus farm products on the world markets at prices far be- low standard and considerably less than what the Government paid for them. This provision is aimed speci- fically at the huge cotton surplus, 5 million bales of which will be releas- ed for world distribution at. an early date. However, there is no mistak- ing the inference that all farm sur- pluses should be disposed of as quickly as possible. regardless of what effect the action might have on world economy. In signing the measure, the President took note of the danger in what he called "the far reaching consequences at home and abroad of this inflexible pro- gram of surplus sales". He suggested that "extreme caution" should be used in implementing this provision of the bill. It is doubtful that any such caution will be used this year, at any rate. in View of the attrac- tion that disposal of farm surpluses has for farm areas.

Things To Come

An exhibition of automalive de- vices has just concluded in London. It was the largest and most impres- sive that has yet been shown in the world; and it attracted buyers and observers from 50 countries. An American visitor was so impressed by what he saw that he declarcd "we have nothing like this in the States"-a most unusual admission surcly.

All sorts of

advantage of

clcctronic ”bi'ains" were put on display, including cranes, conveyor belts, trucks, typcwritcrs that work indopcndcnt- ly. make no mistakes, and produce almost any number of letters a day, elevators which nccd no human assistance whatsoever. One specially intriguing sight was that of ii large loading crane playing a game of Ch?-SS. Picking up pieces at random and placing them in their proper squares. Another was that of rail- ywsy cars being shunted all over the place with not a lrainman anywhere

in the neighbourhood. Sir Miles Thomas, who presided

-, over the exhibition, was very en. . thuslastic over the prospects of

Automation. "1 see the day ap- proaching", he said, "Indeed it must come, when lutomntlion In Britain's focwi-in wllI'he wldesprend, emb-

non-speclalists, of whom there will always be a great many, will find to do or how they will manage to find the wherewithal for sharing in the great prosperity which push-button industry is expected to produce. Per- haps the intention is to pay them big wages for doing nothing, and do- ing it gracefully. Who knows? It may be that in the not distant fu- ture a man will be asked not "how much work can you do in a day", but ”how good are you at doing nothing?"

Colonial Empire

wi,-,iieyer may be happening to colonialism as a political concept, it is clear from the British Colonial Office's annual rcport that colonial posscssions are still an important factor in Hi'iteiiii's economic and in- dustrial strength. The Empire, as distinct from the Llommonwealth, still extends over almost one bil- lion squarc miles of land and takes in a total population of nearly 100 million. There are 58 colonies and dcpcndcncics at the present time; but scicral of thcsc arc on the verge of independence within the Com- moiiwcalth.

The richcst colony from a com- mcrcial viewpoint is Malaya, which 135, your had a substantial surplus to its credit. despite the big expendi- turcs it was obligcd to make in its defence against Communist guerril- las. incidentally, Malaya has been fighting tlonimiinism longer than any other conimiinity in the world and is making 21 success of it. In- dependence within the Common- wealth is due about a year from now. The most troubled spot in the Empire at the moment is Cyprus. The gravity of the problem there is incrcascd by the fact of the island's strategic position in current East- West tensions.

The total gross domestic pro- duct of the colonies in 19.35 was

about 959 billion, an increase of some .

5600 million over the previous W8?- Exports rose 1193. while imports rose 1802;, making a slight overall deficit for the whole Empire. The least favourable financial showing was in the West Indies. Whether this will delay the proposed Carib- bean Federation is not dlsciissed in the report; but certainly it is not 1 very good way to start out on new responsibilities.

EDITORIAL NOTES

National Flying Club Week. I O I

A new village will soon be added to the map of Korea. It. is rising on former paddy land to house the employees of ii plant which is being built by the U. N. Korean Recon- struction agency at n cost of 558.5 million.

0 I 9

While a good deal is being said and written about tihe new German army provided for in the NATO agreement, very little has been broadcast about the new navy. Act- ually, this branch of West Gcrman might. is doing better than the other. A few days ago the first ships were put into service at cere- monies atlended by a number of allied representatives. By 1959 the navy is expected to hzive l70 ships manned by 2(l.tl00 mcn. No ship, however, will exceed 3000 tons. Most

of them will be motor patrol boats. I O I

The 'Quoddy power project has run into another difficulty. Al- though it was approved by the Un- itcd Stntcs Scnatc some timc ago. a House bill providing funds for the State Dcpiirtmeiit. undcr which the projccl comes, did not include an appropriation for it. The majority lr-ader of the House has rcportcd that. the omission was an "error" which. he thinks. will be. corrcctcd in due course. That remains to be seen; but the project's backers have been disappointed so many limes that they will "believe it when they see it."

I O I

Prime Minister Nehru of India says he is convinced that Commun- ist policy has been changed drasti- cally, due to the demand for liberties that is being pressed by the increas- ing number of educated Russians. Time alone will tell whether the view is correct; but it seems to tally with opinions expressed by Ameri- can church leaders who visited the Soviet Union some months ago. They reported that, despite official frowning on organizations outside those sponsored by the Communist

Tlievapllrans-Atlantic Air Fares

By William (lourtt-nay, 0.B.E.

IlI'Ab'IIl.N'(TlltlN. ID('-- A inure to slash air fares on the trans-Atlanl. ic ruii has hccn initiated to North American .-tirlincs and if success- ful it may lc.'ul to a fare cutting war in wliu-h millions of potential air travcllcrs will hciicfit. North American Airlines have asked the Ciril Aeronautics Board here for permission to commence a low fare route from four L'.S. east coast citics lo Luscmburg. Europe. at the attractive rate of 5145. While the teiidcncy of first class air trav- el rates is to rise and is now over 3400 for a bed and brcakfast' ride across the 'Atlantic this trend in the opposite direction will kill first class air travel.

On April 9th this air line was granlcd full landing rights by the Graiul Duchy of Luxcnibourg, which cvidenily scents the dollar traffic and is smart enough to go all out after it.

Luxcmbourg is a convenient point for travel to Paris or Berlin or London and to other continental cities. Ultimately Luxembourg will be but a Helicopter flight from London or Paris.

NIGHT SERVICE

This independent slrliiic plans iisiiig 95 sealer Douglas DC B air- craft which are quite modern. It is an air liiic with much exper- iencc and last year carried 272.- 640 passengers without accident.

i the CA3.

They want to commence the now air scrvice June 15th from Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Balti- more as night services and aim at slicing into the lucrative summer air traffic. The big air lines like B.0.A.C. Pan-American; Trans-Cir nada ete.. charge about 5280 for a tourist couch fare belwccn New York and London. The Si-15 fare will prove more attractive even with an additional charge to fly from Luxembourg to London.

The world's air lines who main- tain fare structures through their own business organization-the Intcrnation Air Traffic Association -are pressing for increases of fares on many routes but so far in USA is opposing them. The pressure from the public for cheaper air travel is so strong that the air lines must eventually give way; drastically overhaul their internal administration; and effect that way such immense ec- onomies as can be reflected in lower fares. They will gain by the attraction of I vastly immense in- crease in air trnffic. This in turn will mean they must. plan the ord- ering of many more air liners or they will be caught short. WATCHING CAREFULLY

The shipping lines are watching the situation carefully. Tourist tra- vellers compelled to travel four In a cabin and spend up to nine days

Commonwealth Economy

By Robert. Rice Canadian Press Staff. Indian

The Coniinoiiuralth. sprawled ovcr l4,3()0,IllI0 square miles. is a huge niinc. a great. farm and a thriving factory.

It nccoiints lor half of the frce world's wool. jute, cocoa, tea. gold, nickcl, manganese and asbestos. And a third of the rubber rice. tin. oilsccds and chrome. a fifth of the whi-at, oats. sugar, butter, wood- pulp, b.-iiixitc. coppcr, lead. link. and coal.

It includes the fat-l(ii'ics of Brit- ain the brcadbaskct and mineral wealth of Canada. the ranchlands of Austriiliii, Nigcrian forests. Ma- Iayim ruhhcr. Wcst Indian sugar. Ceylon (cu, and so on. l)F.V'l')l.0P.VIICNT PROCESS

Some nu-mbcrs, such as Canada and Britain. are prosperous and others, such as India. are

izrouiiig;

trying to spccti development of factories and hydro - electric schcnics; and still tiill('TS no-

tably tlic African lcrritiiru-s and Carihbcan islands. pcaszinl fzirniing with tractors and market rcscziru-h. attempting at the

sanic limo to brilunce ii farm ccon- l

oniy with sonic uulustry.

Tlic) are ticil tog:-thcr by tradi- tion and trsuic Tlic Cominoiiwt iillh cxrcpt (lanmla. is liiikcd. for ex- amplc. illilllll thc stcrluiil arm. with llritfiin holiling the cnllcclive kitty of dollars Because of this intcr-tlcpciidcncc -- raw matcrial art-as scll lo iiiniiiifactiiring arcas which in turn sell finished prod- ucts back thcrc is a great deal of mutual co4)pcrat.iim. of which the Colombo plan is an important example.

This economic relationship is. In many ways. as important as the political fraternity. For example. lhrce colonic: on the verge of political independence --the Gold Coast. Nigeria and Malaya--to gcthcr account for the greater part of the gold and dollar earn- ings of the British territories. and tho cnlonics as 3 whole are re- spnnsiblc for considerably more thnn half of the not gold and dollar earnings of the sterling ares.

Expressed in money terms. the colonies produced in 1954. for which full figures are available. no,- onnmo of gold and dollars. com- pnred with se.ooo.ooo from all other sterling lrea countries. This latter amount Is largely achieved throiwh South Africa's iznld ules.

' SENSITIVE FOIINDATION

On this basis. comments the Pl- nnnclnl Times. it become: rlelf on "what delicate And sensitive polltlcnl foundation. the economic viability of the sterling are: really

arc rcplaciniz .

territories."

Elsewhere, political problcius are also economic pi blcms. and vice versn. India. with its tre- mendous 376.750.000 population. is trying to catch up in five-vcnr jumps with industrialized nations that took for longer to achieve their present status. Bctwccn now and 1961. India hopes to inc:'cu.se the national income by 25 per cent. compared with n 15 per cent increase in the United States in the last five years. and for this. the country must rely to a large extent on outside help, foreign loans. investment, equipment.

”rhe whole philosophy." savs a British spokesman. ”is to help peoplc to help themsclvcs. which ultiniatcly helps everyone." This applies to I republic like India as well as to a small colony.

AID FROM CANADA

Thus. in Pakistan the Maple Leaf Ccincnt Factory began operations in March. Half of the cost was paiil by Canada. in thc form of plant and machinery. and the rest by Pakistan. all I h r n u g Ii the Colombo plan.

This is the name given to lll(' whole sum of cooperative effort which southcast Asian countries, helped by other nations, are mak- ing to develop their uonomic and raise living standards. Originally. when formed in 1950. it was strictly a Commonwealth idea. ')ut now it includes outside areas in the same region. Cambodia. Lao.-. Viet Nam. Burma, Nepal, Indo- nesia Japan the Philippines and Thailaiid.

In this region just one-slxtccnlli of the world's surface with a quar- ter of the world's people. some 050,000,000 has been spent in iitx years. and observers see it an an important free world contribution to the ideological-economic battli- now being waged in Asia.

Canada. a founder memh . has contributed ma.4oo.ooo which Ills bee used many ways. such as buyl g no locomotives for India. building I fisheries project in Cey- lon. I power station in Pakistan.

Under different agencies, but with the same end in mind, sim- ilar development work is going on elsewhere in the Commonwealth.

Ol'l1CIAl. VIEW A Drlllsli colsllnl secretary said: "We are all dlttnulned to pur-

The Age Old - Story

For thus saith the Lord of hosts; yet oncr. it is I little while, and i will shake the heavens. and the carth, and the sea. and the dry land; and I will shake Bil nations, and the desire of nll nations shall come: and I will fill this house with glory. saith the Lord of hosts.

on an Atlantic crossing at a cost of about S180 don't like it and loll their friends the world over they don't like it. Where they have children to look after, the voyage is anything but a happy exper- ience. If they must be crowded they prefer to get the agony over in 24 h.urs by a cheap coach sh- journey. The shipping lines have entered the world uufvqylation to share the cake. -

Probably the great ships like the ”Queen Wary" and "Queen Eliza- both" in the 30,000 ton class will not be seen again on the North Atlantic when these two veterans in i retired within the next ten years. Smaller ships of half the tonnage will reign in their stead.

The first class passenger with time to spare will always prefer a five days sea voyage to in crowd- ed air journey and the Cunard Line's slogan of "getting there is half the fun" will continue to have strong appeal--but not in the past- senger who must share a cabin with three olhcr strangers when

the S180 fare is higher than the cheap Atlantic air fare, All the air lincs are watching North Amer- ican Airlincs application for if It is approved thci: futures and forl- uncs are all affcrlcd.

United States is another major source of money. There is also a Commonwealth Finance Corpora- tion with headquarters in Lonvlon

In the d pomlcncu. , so hear how to self-govcrnmcnt in iiuiny cases, great changes are taking placin- drainage of the mangrove swamps in Sierra Leone. more power from the Owen Falls scheme in Uganda. irrigation in British Giiiiina. a power plant on the Volta I'lYl'l' in the Gold Coast linked with a Cana- dian-linanrcd aluminum projcct, roads. docks. railways in lllpti-ya. Singapore. East Africa.

And with economic ilcvelopincnt, trade unions are being on-iitcd. a sign of growing political inziturity. At last count. thcrc wcrc .uimc 1.400 registt-rt-(l iimoiis in the dc- pcndcncics. with a membership of about 900,000.

HEALTH EDUCATION

Health services are being ex pandcd. and education widened with new schools and universities. Scholarships help some students to go abroad for more trainin .

As a rrsull. colonial arcas are producing more of their own busi- ncss,mcn, more lawycrs. more civil servants. Miuiy naturally as- pire to administrative fIll(I nom- inated posts held by British offl- rlals sent out by the colonial of- flce.

This has led to in fear in some circlcs that the British colonial of- fice is a member of a disappear- ing hrccd. Thcrc remains. however a need for trained n'ficials. and the colonial service is being re- nrganizcd to provide a pool of men and women available for tasks any- where in the ovcrscas territories. rcsponslble locally and paid locally Yet if they serve more than one government. they will look to well for a share of the pension at the and f service.

" at is most to be hoped is that the service will in so much ranfiuciice as iznizlually to dispel my sense that a government that draws upon the emplrc's common stock of experts In fill some of the plum in its service thereby confesses lnferlorlw.” Ioyl The Tlmcs.

IMPORTANT IIOLE

These things-the administrative. economic and nocill developments -are part of the new warden In so many territories of the Hit they may fill Ill their on com- trln. and In the Commonwv.-nllli.

At the lap are the Common- wnllh prime ministers who mod for the seventh time since the in this kn;I'lIlC ln landon. Theft illo- mu 1 cover 1 with men. from

mum

l

Speaking V

QUICK ACTION NEEDED IN CASE OF POISONING

WEED killers and other gar- dening poisons can be found most homes this time of year.

These are just one group of poisons which you must protect your children against. Sleeping drugs are another-and there In many more.

Quick action is essential in any case of accidental poisoning. Ll- bels of most poisons contain in- structlous for administering antl- dates. Read the label even before you open the container-just to be prepared.

SOME STEPS

Here are some steps you should follow even before you take the time to find an antidote.

if ;eon In your home should swallow an overdose of any sleep- ing drug or liquor, or take any ; lening or vermin extermina- tion polso... iodine, arsenic, sti'yclI- nine. k-zrosei -, wood or de-natur- ed alcohol, here' vhaf you should do until the doctor arrives:

l--Force him to swallow large quantities of water containing baking soda or soapsuds (not de- tergent sudsl. If no soda or map is immediately handy. make him drink a lot of lukewarm tap wa- tcr. This helps to dilute the pol- son as well as induce vomiting.

2---Make the patient vomit re- peatedly until the fluid is nu clear as when it was swallowed.

3-Give him a dose of epsoin slats-is glass of water containing one heaping teaspoonful.

4-Then give him any antidote which might be on the label of the bottle which contained the poison swallowed.

SLEEPING DRUGS

One more word about sleeping drugs.

If the patient has taken an overdose, of one of them, you should continue treatment After followl g the above procedures by giving him strong black coffee in easy doses. But be careful not to exhaust him.