~ nspgcnizssiéiv;

The Educational ' Horizon

(continued from Pale a)

ever, tt has hem more recently

suggested that the idea of establish- m 5, Memorial Fund be coupled ynn that of establishing an edue. stional foundation. Ari appeal

, would be nude to all Cansdivuis,

chars but: also to (l... general ptlalic. The new ob- jective then would undoubtedly be considerably larger than originally planned. The questions of such a fund. itoweves‘. will be acted upon at the March meeting in Montreal, l report of which will be given in (n, Hoflwfi after the conclusion 0f bit-Sill“!-

The Annual crrr. Convention will be held in Halifax during the week of Aunt-st 11th. 1041. men. topics to be discussed will be: revision of National Policy. if nec- asssfl‘; a Comvlffe report on UN E300 and teacher shortage. Any gugge-Siimw 0d revision of such pollcy (of which each of you should My, e copy as published in the Horizon and elsewhere) may be sent.

.119 John Connolly or myself thee euoh revision be taken to the Hall- fax Convention for consideration of the O.T.!".

t With regard to tsaobar shortage mom Canada. a. oamnittee has been selected to conduct a t‘ ,h study and to make recotnmartdatiorxs thereon.

National Health Week this yes-r will be no. z-s inclusive.

since on January 16th represent- stim from m: P.!.I.‘1‘.1'. waited on the Government rs salary in- crease; it. might be of advantage

.to conclude by referring to some very timely Wfmiils la referred to in m. Crutchfieldb monthly re- port of the C.'!‘.!".

"The following geporrt issued by the Canadian Education Associating; for the year 1945-46 shows the appalling situation with regard to salaries paid to teachers in rug-n] schools:

Basal Province Minimum Median Prince Edward bland i 425 3 730 Nova Scotis 900 1100

New Brunswick B00 800 ‘teacher ha“! Quebec (Catholic) coo s00 John l‘: SmwiErErEpl Quebec (Protestant) None 30o mpg"; N EA.‘ “ma”. mm 32ml?“ in’ 139° P94‘ "ilflll! $2400 a year for quai~' °°° 1100 iiied hammers. woo to seooo for Saskatchewan 1200 1M0 experidneed temp“; Alberta 1000 1250 Warned .' British Columbia 1150 i300 no longer all? w“: vation wages. gy "m" w ‘u, new..." ma" ""- c - mo» p» -l-- - . . x a a writos than these of 1n. bummer

WHY TEHCHERS QUTl‘. He states 1M1 we pay more to mold castings

than character. Beside; being tbs 1W"! Paid Profession in the world "whine is one which receives scant Whey from the public ‘when the teacher servu. The ntnnboe _ of teachers suffering net-you. bunk. downs and being conflmd n; upl- tariuins each yea-rs is appalling Tiler Mt get that way by afttinf around the schoolyard watching th Bflss grow. Their conditions is (h, result of ovwwork. worry end grunt ration.

In the January 0th issue o?! Lir. by Mir. Hem-y Bomhardt. who teach "I "lentil! at Ohiwsc vocations Sflioel. exp ins why teaching, once s desirable and honorable pnpfg“. ion. no longer attracts the kind of ~ vwpia worthy "pg it. n. up; why Wflmen a-rs replscinggmart in schools "h! Pliiiils do not respec Why tmhm must nesiect their work, and why teachers due npt ask for ‘raises. He asks If anything Bu‘; batdotte about the situation l"! l es that the vot t m qlibily if our public §'ue§i'§..|' system is not tc dlsintesrate.

- IlHMJI-nw-vtsthtssussstme miiflliili-e the following articl. new. ed. NO OONFBAOI‘. N0 wQRg-g shows clearly the attitude now Iain; “km b!’ "to Nllienal lldueatioi Aaaooiatisas of tbs United seam; “u”! silks taachuw. thr poosht paid of al professlma worinass were fed t; with "m" POVQHY- Last week eves: the oeuti. WI. conservative 00-year-old Na. ticoal Education Association (115,. °°° will") hiss-a to make noises

iikgm a ‘anion. , Elli-Illicit. N.I.A. Ilseut- ' ive secretary. Willard gm“, w], ed rm teachers throughout, m, United Statfl to organ!” "flu-y committees" and hit their sonnet izflflia for Iesies-al was WWII 0 t for N.ll.A.. which included not only classroom t “ but mm] ‘d. mlnistrators. ursitntene.‘ ""1: "- - vs no us- "Wa It-rikias. nut nobody can force ‘hm t» Ilsa u: min mt nu “n19! "is contracts look e int n“. ""- 1! they don't: said Givens.

llfblle collector-Z" I

EXERCISE IN GRAMMAR

Flu in the pimp, 1n m. you”, in: sentences. Choose the "correct word frosn Lbs words given in the brackets:

1. The cat with her three kitten; >-— Ell/Ell ilWB-y- l-was. were).

2. The story of Roosevelt's travels -— very interesting (are, lg),

3. A child with her nurse Diiiling nesr (was, were).

4. The house in the woods ____ built of logs (was, we”).

6- The price of many things Imilly advanced (have, has).

s. The boat with its captain and "i-‘W lost. (We're, was), g

_"~ Evflvone of the my, ____. 2111b me- (agrees, agree). -, -' ' B- Otie of the qrnngeg __, but (are, is).-- . -_’

9. A bushel s) m... "ill- ‘wit. costs). 1°- Plt iwtv pupils oh the regist- ‘E i" M .' _ Prficnt (was. were),

11- Two his bottles filled with

EXERCISE I

Draw a line u-ndar t-be right word 01' words in the brackets:

1- The "P5! lifmvinco in Canada to obtain representatives Govern- "m" W“ (N- 5-. U-ppcr Canada. lower Canada. P.E.I.).

‘-’- The number of provinces .to enter Confederation in 1m we; (lilo. four. six, nine).

_3» The Quebec Act became un- ‘lfiiwble due to (English settlers, “W11 demands. opposition of the gliiited States, arrival of the [gygl- e.‘ 3°!“ Carleton and Murray de- uded the best way to keep Canada tor the British was to (expel the

Ffiilflh. ottcourage English settle- ment, favour the French. please the American colonies.)

5. selsniorai tenure was abolished mainly through the efforts of IOai-iter, Brawn, Gait. MacDonald).

ti» No matter ‘what the Wimiation "i Quebec, her representative; in i-ile Dominion Parliament always number (U). $5. ‘l0. T5).

7- The Kim's representative il the Federal Govsrnmt h tbs (Lleutnant Govortul. Prime Miniat- "1 Governor General. Minister of Finance); ‘

B. The first province to obtain "lllonsible government was (NA. gvnBrunawick. the Cansdal. P.

9- mlponsible government was zgiiincét in us. as a 115111;‘ of (the

r o 11ml imthseorts of Joseph sum, mute-n. 10rd ‘nur- hams report). c -10- The leader of the Liberals of °flilrlo during the negotiations fee

imy

'beenpr

'"‘liI'-—-- on the tabla were). ' Wu’ t2. The book e1 _ n“

poems "id Iiflioyed- (Was, were). “- WW kinds c! vesctahtes shipped. (wu. were), 1L Mary with her sister. ___. a. Pflited. (LN. is). “:15!- The swerialt was his entire 8° 8 attend th dedication. (are, is), e 18. The little girl with her moth- " and her nurse ——— lust left. (has. have). l7. Not one of them -__ eve; referred to the matter. (has. have). 19- “Bil/One in the class . nt d , ihai. hav )_ W?” w n?“ wed‘ built

19- A pair of bird; the old apple tree. (has,

a nest in have). v

20. Th8! LS one 0f the saddut; stories that gym- bwn wry“ ten (has, have)

N HISTORY

confederation was (Tilley, Gait, John A. Mat-Donald, George Brawn.)

l1. The province of Canada gain. ed full responsible‘ self-government 1R 1349 by the action of Lord (Syn- iimhvn. 1min. Durham. Dorohaat. w in wmtins to the Rebellion Losses Bill. “i2. The chief immediate result of Icrd Durham; Rcport was the Passing of the (Quebec Aot, Act of Union. British North America Act. Constitutional Act).

il- horn tvss to i715 Quebec had ("Pfesentative sovemmsnt, mili- talry government. responsible gov" Icvernment by proclamation).

l4. “The National Policy" whlen meant n tariff on Canadian im- ports to promote Canadian indus- try was introduced ‘by (George Brown. Oiexutder Maolienais, John A. MacDonald. Lord Eigin).

15. The Educational System in Canadd is under the control of the (Provincial, Dominion, British. Municipal Government).

1e. liltliieipai governmltt in Can- ada was first established.” (Syn- denham. Balot. Matoalfs. Durham).

1'1. It wag iamodlue to the skill of (Brown. d. Tapper. 1111c?) in managing man, that con- federation beesme a reality.

ll. Canada's birthday is (Dee. as. May I. July l. June 0-)

1D. Canada pased- from French to British Control Ln (YIN. 11H, 110i. 150).

at). The loader of ths rebellion in Lower Canada in ill‘! was (Riel. Pspinesu. llaclenais. Baldwin).

(o) MEASURES (For Clot")

A ton of dry hay is estimated at five hundred cubic feet b the tw- ‘ro find the number of tons in a mw. multiply the lansth in fest hvtuaheisttateetsnethutw ‘Pic width in soot she divide the SW1"- br five hundred. “Toilndtha tssnberoftonslna “its. mctttstv u» width in mt

the lIIIth .fcst by one-half mhalsht and divide by fiva hun-

~Toftndthecontentso around ltsck. multiply the dist cc ammo Jha stack in , itself and yen multiply by four t_ the

“lht in yam striking o (we

1w m» ‘ lifetime (its “Wits as was

"l! what's ‘diameter two-mites of ' the "difference bat and the stats-

ti) (Weed) . - '

To find the number of cubic feet" in g log of wood multiply onl- fourth g1 the average circuit!"- mo, by itself sad multiply ti" product est-thee by the_isnath._ which will live the 00mm" '1" cubic fest.

(s) Capacity. so find the slumber of barrels of liquid in a scum cistern. multi- ply the width. ‘height and 601ml togethcs and divida the PM!“ by e. A cistern s fest wide. I feet uargaodafeetdsspoentslnaal ttamls cf thirty-om and one-half lalldni. ‘In find the toaditaa dia- oask or barrel. add to

wsaatliahssd

$ec

It is the wonderful work saver you have always wanted. It soaks, washes, rinses and spin-dries -- all at the flick of

THE CHARLQTTETQEN consulate

PQQEW _§EVEN

BENDIX

WLLL

it.

~ a switch.

.-.... $28950 ,,,,

Bendix demonstration daily. Phone 2188

Budding is grafting a single bud on to another plant.

Bud-scales. The thick, fleshy layers that form the bulb of a. lily and cover each other like the shingles of s roof. Cold-frame — An unheated. bottomless box in which plants are grown; it has a removable, sloping glass top. IChown-Where stems and roots on. Cuttings‘- Pieces of stem with leaves which, it placed in u, suitable environment. will take root and form new plants. Dtsbud- To remove excess flow- er buds when quite small so that those" remaining can develop more fully. l-lcsbaceous- Without persistent woody stems, dying completely to the ground when dormant.

liybrids- Plants that have re- sulted from crossing two or more distinct species.

Infioresceno- A‘ flower cluster.

Mulch- To cover the ground about plants with a layer of com-

SEAT

Supply the missing word in each of these sentences:

i. lle grudged ovary cent ha spent: he was so——. s

2. l-le never grumbled; he was so

s. u‘. strutted like a peacock: he

as l0 --——-

4. Bits was always letting things fall; she was so .

s. She would not. enter a dark room; she wae so

d. Ha always looked leaped: he was so .

‘l. We has! never heard the name before: it was so ---.

l. ls an!’ boastad; she Ila so

‘before he

a f

‘Blasts are three main cause; of the ocean citrrsstis. giving riaq to three different types of water rncva- ment. . t ‘ The first is the attraction of the aun and the moon. which ‘causes the tidal currents.

The second is the prevailing winds. such as the trades and west- emlias. which through friction set tha water in ltwtieti.

The third cause lathe host from the aun which affects the density of the water. The differences in density from one place to another osusa t-hs water to move, much as the differences in sir e cause the winds. Warm ws r la lighter, leaa dense. than cold water. The density of sea water is affected not only hr the temperature. but also by car's-count of eiuntvee‘ sslta

In the Council room great parson- slitisa have fore-gathered. from the

traders held council under the guid- ance of lir Con!!! litnilco. lov- crnor of all Rupert's Land. These would be determined the wsl of a race. iha datinies of a nation h swarm tbs casinos; cf half a

GARDEN TERMS

THE OCEAN CURRINTS

LOWER FORT GARRY (Continued)

' made and maintained fur the bene- nd fit of science in Western Canada.

Examine it;

_ a"

Watch it operate-

Quiyck Delivery

The Complete Automatic Home laundry

o

post. leaf-mold, manure. peat-moss or similar material.

Nsutts-allzlrtg- Planting for in- formal effect and in such s way that maintenance is t duccd to a mimimum. Bulbs planted in grass and left undisturbed for several years arc naturalized.

Panicic- A type of inflorescence. | bronchng raceme.

Propagation- The methods by which new plants. ‘are obtained.

Rhizome- A horizontal stem that grows beneath or along the sur- face of the ground. ' \

Root Cuttings- Pisces of root which, if placed in s suitable en- vironment. will develop into new plants.

Spadix- A thick. fleshy spike bearing numerous small flowers and surrounded by a spathe.

Spathcv The brast Associated with the flowers of the Calla Lily family.

Transpiant- To dig up and re- plsnt elsewhere.

WORK . 9. Sba never Uwlilht of anybody but herself: she wag so i0. He never spent a. cent fool- iahiv: he was so Errors, like straws. surface flow; l-le who would search for pearls must dive below. Do not look for the flaws as you go throush lite. Arid even when you find them, It's wise and kind to be some- what blind, And look for the virtue behind ottrthwh glory eestaiata not in gseatht ncvcs- falling. but iss riafi e181 time we fail.

upon the

its contains. The more saline the water the heavier. or more dense it. becomes. ‘You will notice that most of the names givers to tha currents are simply the name; of the countrieg by which th pass. as the Brazil Current. the lfomls Current. One of the notable except- ions to this custom is tha Cuif Stream. 1t was named the Ctuii Stream because it was attpposed to come from the Gulf o! Mexico. but observation has shown that it has thm males sources -first. thou waters from ths Caribbean Jcs which follow the ahofi 0f the Gulf; second. those Caribbean water; which flow directly by the North Coast of Cube; and third. the Antilles Current which forms part of the Guf Stream north of the Bahama islands.

continent. At the Stone lbs-t scientific ob- servations, aat cal, meteor-

ological. agricultural etoetsra, were

In tho sitting room of the re- sidence the final details of the Iraasklin Relief ltapsdition. which was conducted overture to‘ the shores of the Arcth he it, John

p.

Another building of importance i5 the penitentiary. In the old says a wooden stookadc. twenty feet high. enclosed the prisoners from the rest of the fort. These men worked on the farm north of the fort. did wood cutting and stone breaking. The remains of the 510m pile can still be seen.

Inside the penitentiary building. near the entrance and lust bfiyviid the stairway on the left, was H! one time a sunken dark cell for refractory prisoners. This has long been filled in. Behind that. on the left side. sectioned off were iri- uivldual sleeping cells for the pris- oners, on both the ground i100!‘ end upstairs. The top floor We! the prisoners’ dining mom-

The iron guards. now on the small windows, are the originals. 'l‘ho old spyhole door i5 also preserved. No gapital punishments were ever carried out at Lower Fort Garry. The penitentiary. as such _-was crested in the fall of i870 and was the government Jail fur Rupert-l

Land. Colonel Sam L. Bedson was the warden in charge. At an earl

of London .oht.. has been appoint- ed LieuL-Governor of Ontario.

Hon. Lewis St. Laurent i: Min- lster of Extomai Affairs in Cam- ads. Minister of Finance. Canada. is Hort. Douglas C. Abbott.

Minister of Justice. Canada. is lion. J. L Ilsley-

Minister of Defence, Canada. is M. Brooke of Ciaxton. Minister of Health and WCUI-N is Mir. Paul Martin. Secretary of Btate, Canada. i! Mr. Colin Gibson. Hon. t). s. Abbott retains also loint army-navy defence p08! 0h temporary buil-

untted Btates Ambassador to Crest Britain is Oliver Max Gard-

mAuairaiiah Minister to Waahinl- ton is Alfred Stirllnl-

Australia's High Commissioner to Canada. Ls Francis M. Horde. _ oemmartdas-in-citief of "all 801/161- ‘mund forces is Marshal lvan lionlov.

mutant-samba of 1mm!" French Government is Leon Biurn.

lialy- Loses African colonies (Mme, Libya, end Somaiiland). ‘Trieste. the Dodeoanese Islands. special rights in China. and miniif “'95; m Yugoslavia and France. pmgniees independence of Ai- ndnls gnd Ethiopia. 'l‘rieste i; to be internationallssd under the United Notions. Italy is to continue 06"‘ trol of the African colonic! itflld-

(1) The Constitutional Act gave the greater part of the firtancisl qtntrel to the governor and coun- oil. This made it possible for them to ignore the wishes of the Assam- bi .

R2). By degrees the council was

llGIIeIOl-ilflp

selected from asmaii group qt men known so the Family Compact.

1er~York Factory and other Places- CURRENT EVENTS my Lawson, o 13.5.. industrialittc

Buy on Simpson's Nowsssad Easier Budget Club Plan

(int-sum

"s Here! It's‘ Here! It's) Here

$29.00 Down $20.00 per month

F. A. S. JONES

Special Representative

120 KEIIT STREET

period this building was used as a storehouse. and later as s. men's quarters. The site of the govem- ment penitentiary was moved to Selkirk in 1877. The remains of the bake ovan. built by the prisoners for baking their own bread, i; still an object of interest on the north wall.

Other building; of importance are the Company's second retail store and fur loft, situated to the south of the fort enclosure; the small wooden house close to the penitentiary and used by Dr. Young the prison doctor; and the origin- al men's house on the west of the residence. This last mattiomd we! for s. time a soldier's canteen. and lates- a women's asylum. It is now n stable, but some of the original compartments remain intact. ~

In the early days of the $10M form's history, it was here that the light-hearted voyageurs and men of the winter trail gathered ger- e few hours feasting and Wh- vivlal on reaching the fort "Om

rm-v u. is the scouts-twitch- el-nl of the United Nations.

Pandit Nehru 1a the head of the new interim government of 1nd!!-

Moiotov is Russia's Pbrcttln Mm- istsr.

The Foreign Secretary oi US is Byrnes.

The areas of Canada which were the centres of the steel strike: l. Hamilton: sydney.

The Viceroy of Lndia W i1.

git‘. Moalasn leader in India il Mr. Jinnah.

The ch16! delegate for Canada st m, united Nations meeting ia Mr. St. Laurent.

The head of the United Mine Workers of America is John 1-- Lewis. -

The new Citizenship 5% WW4 at (he last session of iiv-Plllmmi and proclaimed on Dominion my. July 1_ bgoeme effective Jamil?! l. 1947.

The population 0i Canada <15“) was 12.130.044-

rh. President of Mexico is Misuel

is Viscount

TERRITORIAL fHANGiS I

csusss or m: REIELLION m um: CANADA, m1

Aleman.

in‘ their final disposition by the Big Powers‘ within twelve unonths.

Bulgaria retains prewar territory- Romania loses Bessarabla to Russia: regains Transylvania from liunsbfy-

plunges-y retains only prewar territory. (hereby losing Transyiv" anla.

Finland loses the port and vii"- lnee or Petsasno to Russia.

Thgy prided themselves op being English-born and Anglican. They branded the Assembly as disloyal and American. As there was at that time no municipal government. the

pointmeht of ail officials in the w u- hnwever humble.

2. Sault st. Marie: 3-1

Family Compact controlled the sp-

whereby the Anglican Church re- oeived slightly more than one- fourth, the Presbyterian Church slightly less than one-fourth and the other churches the remaining half, still retiring governors had a habit of leaving the distribution of reserve land till the last minute before they left Canada. and then distributed only the Anglican share. (4) The Compact wsa highly abusive in its treatment of oppon- atrtts. John Gourlay. the first leader of the Reform party. was persecut- ed until his mind gave way and William Lyon MacKenzie, hi; suc- ooasdl‘. was five times expelled from

The Indian pealowi, raised with‘ cipslly for exhibition purposes. is the most gorgeous of all iuwls. In India it is found both wild and domesticated, and in the United State; it is raised to some extent on farms. A white domestic variety has been developed. There is a wild green peafowi which is seldom domesticated. Roasted pesiowi has been considered a delicacy for thousands of years. but nmture

1. Why do so many English towns end in cheater? _