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. Ind elsewhera outside British Com. Not over 7: par single copy. Member Auclu Bureau of Circulation. PAGE 4 SATfiEA\_'.“.IANUARI’ 25, 1954. Fisheries Conference

If this \\'eek's fisheries confer- ence at Ottawa didn‘t. succeed in producing—-in the words of Prem- ier Smallwood—-“a Magna Carta for our fishing industry." at least it may have laid the groundwork for a national policy that could have far-reaching and beneficial results.

Careful planning went into it. at any rate. Last. May Fisheries Min- ister Robichaud wrote to the ten provincial ministers concerned with the industry. asking their co-oper- ating in framing a prollfam tll 35 would satisfy the needs of all reg- ions. Background papers on some 23 subjects were prepared and C11‘- culatecl. and suggestions from all the provinces were incorporated into the agenda.

Facing the conference as a mat- ter of prime concern was the tre- mendous expansion of fishing activ- ity among competitive nations since the end of World War TW0- In fifteen years. about 22 millions tons of fish and marine products have been added to world supplies. About one-half of this increase has come from the industries of Japan. the Soviet Union, Peru and China. The Japanese and Russian development has been undertaken mainly on the high seas. utilizing large. powerful Vessels and modern fishing tech- niques.

In Canada. commercial fisheries have contributed only In 8 m°d9-‘E

. way to the economy of the country. In 1960. less than one per cent of the

. national net product of $19.2 billion

:came from fishing operations. For

uaome provincial economies. however. fishing is of much greater lmP°1'l' ance than the national figure sug- gests.

In Newfoundland. 1'0!‘ example- the fisheries accounted for 6.5 '09? cent of net value of production in 1960. In Prince Edward Island. the corresponding figllre W33 9-2 Per ‘cent but, in Quebec. it was one- tenth of one per cent. In addition. 'of course. c0mme1‘Ci3l flfhlng makes a significant contribution to em- ployment in the coastal P!‘°Vi“°°5-

In the joint statement issued yesterday at the close of. the confer- ence, only a few specific proposals .were put forward. and there was

:'complaint from western slmltesme“ i.that some of the-main suggestims m marketing and price control had run into stiff competition. But sure- E y. the production end of the l1!‘0b' 3' em is equally important: and it was this factor, we note. that our Pm" juincial minister. Mr. Rossiter. dealt lwith effectively at the 0l'>eml‘12 PTO- I‘ -

jaeedmgs.

lb The conference was billed as one ...f the most important meetings on "fisheries to take place since Confed- ieration. It is to be hoped. when the ‘lust settles. that this will prove 1:0 he the general verdict.

The Larger Question

- -' While the issues over tiny Pan-

.,:.ma are deep and divisive. the real

' ‘inportance of the canal crisis lies the fact that it is viewed by Latin

Yllmaricans as I test of United States

.go]i¢y toward the whole region. It into focus especially the ' Vuestion of what course Lyndon

olmson will pursue In relations with he Rabin American world Ind how I affect Latin attitudes to-

Thia la the view taken by the aw York Times. which points out Lat. Iatin-Amorlcan attitudes are

mm as man Amatlesna them- ‘ . Great variety la Inévltablc ‘ rag!/on nearly twice Ia big no ital States that ancompaaua

I

z x

llD.0UU.t.'!Ul! :11 av Inuuxn.

On the other hand Latin Amar- icans have in common In Iberian heritage: memories of I domineer- ing United States policy In gener- ations past; later, resentmenta of what they considered a preoccupa- tion with European interests at the expense of their own. All except Cuba also have a large stake in their ties-—e,\specially their economic ties —with the United States.

In recent years they have cred- ited the United States with having made some progress in understand- ing their problems‘. through Presi- dent Kennedy’s Aliance for, Progress and other teps. But they are unsure about President Johnson. It was noted that his first major appoint- ment placcd a new man in charge of policy toward Latin America. Now they are watching the Pana- manian crisis to see what light this sheds on l'.S. policy.

The future aso depends in part on how the llnited States proceeds to deal with other causes of Latin- American dissatisfaction. A question of special importance is what th3 U.S. does to protect. Latin-American interests In the negotiations among the ma_jor non-Communist trading nations in Geneva this spring. Final- ly. the prospect is sure to be af- fected also b_v the problem that has caused recurrent stress in hemis- pheric relations for the past. five years-the problem of Cuba.

New Development

What has been described as the most important technical develop- ment in the dairy industry since pasteurization has been reported by the chairman of 3 large dairy or- ganization in Britain. His announce- ment referred to a new process for keeping milk fresh for two months, or longer. without refrigeration in any temperature.

It is claimed for the new pro- cess that it could have great ad- vantages, not only in Britain, where among other things it would make for economy in deliveries, but especially in tropical countries where fresh supplies of whole milk were so badly needed.

Of course, the practice of ster- lizing milk by subjecting it to ultra- high temperatures is not new. but hitherto a great many people hava simply not wanted to drink it be- cause lt did not taste like milk. The expert associated with the new Brit- ish process states that it only slightly reduces the flavor of the milk, and that the quality remains unimpaired.

To overcome the danger of ster- lized milk becoming recontaminated in the containers. a new asceptic carton made of thicker material than that normally used has been developed. also a new sterile method of filling it. A pilot scheme of in- tensive testing has now begun be- force the milk is put on sale to the public.

Blind To His Blessings

A rather humorous illustration of the frequent conflict between the modern educators opinions and his personal way of life is given in “Self-renewal”, I new book by John W. Gardner. president of the Carnegie Corporation. When Mr. Gardner recently visited a college professor, this was the scene:

“He sat in an air-conditioned study. Behind him was I high-fl- delity phonograph and record lib- rary that brought him the choicest music of three centuries. On the desk before him was the microfilm of an ancient Egyptian papyrus that he had obtained by a routine re- quest through his university library. He described I ten-day trip he had just taken to London. Paris and Cairo’ to confer on recent archaeo- logical discoveries." ‘ '

Mr. Gardner concluded from all this that modern technology was serving this scholar well. Yet. when asked what he was working on at the moment. the professor said: "An essay for I literary journal on the undiluted evil of modern technol-

osy- _ EDITORIAU NOTE

On the subject of national lead- ax-Ihlp. Mr. Heath Macquarrle is quoted as saying the Conaarvatlve Party should move away from the cult’ at pa:-Ionallty Into new Irena of thought. It should also try to get 'rldoftllIbIbltofmIkin¢ltIleId- It the goal: for all its Iina at omis- alan eommlulon.

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PRESSING THE WRONG BUTTON

RUSSIA'S FARM MUDDLE

Where Bureaucracy-Hcls Been A Flop

Bcluccn lhcm. man and na- ture have put stumbling blocks in the way of agriculture in the Soviet Union. The result It a s been a system which. after 55 years of collectivization. forces the top Communist power into the acutely embarrassing posi- tion of buying food from the west.

PUBLIC FORUM

1'blI column II open to tho dllcuulo by corralpondanla of queltlons It In- terest. Tha Guardlln dau not accel- Iarily endorse the u of corru- Itondenls. All letters publlahed Ira Inb- jerl to calling Ind condensation whIrI non-Iury_ Tba Guardian II unnbla to I or Into Iny cnrrranpondenca regard- lag d.

lather: Iubrnlttc

LIQUOR LEGISLATION

Sir.-In my last letter on the liquor question I attempted to indicate that the present Liquor Control Act is not good legisla- tion inasmuch as it imposes un- necessary and e x c e S sive re- straints on the_ free activity of mature. adult citizens. At the same time. every reasonable person must. recognize that some regulation of the use of alcohol is desirable in the Interest of the public good.

It should be equally obvious to reasonable people that our pre- sent approach to liquor control in this Province is not reall lc in terms of modern knowledge about human behaviour and mo- tivation. and the present public attitude concerning the legitim- ate use of liquor.

One should hardly be consid- ered moralistic for suggesting that excessive indulgence in II- cohol to the detriment of public peace and order should be pro- scribed. as well as publlc mil- conduct while under the Influen- ce of alcohol: the operation of motor vehicles w le impa by alcohol should continue to be prohibited; the sale of llquor to minors should also continue to be prohibited. (although the age limit of 21 years does not recog- nize the facts of life in our Ige).

Finally. the law should not rec- ognize the right of any person to Indulge in excessive drinking to the point of harming the welfare of his or her family. nor ' th e right of indulgence on the part of the chronlc alcoholic for whom alcohol can rightfully be descri- bed as I poison. and whose social functioning is habitually lmpalred by the use of alcohol.

It would seem that prohlbltlons to cover each of these Iltuatlona can rightfully be established In the name of the public good, but as the Liquor Control Act now stands its prohlbltiona Ire exces- sive and ahould be modllled. Let us I g r e e on reasonable rc- stralnts. and then let us make them effective. rather than con- tinue with the multiplicity of simple harassments which are now in effect and which are not It all effective.

I believe furthermore th It good public policy goes beyond the mere enactment of liquor control legislation. Two addl- tlonal elements are requlred. one of these II I well- balanced

' alcohol education program and in

It would appear t the present government has recognlud

responsibility In this regard. The second element la an alcohol

treatment program for the II- b

rohol casualties.

surely Iome part of the gov- ernment’: revenue from the sale of alcohol Ihould be diverted to the treatment of Its vlctlma. I would suggest. In fact. that thla

Ihould be I first commltm ent ed,

against this revenue. and H1 at there would be considerable pub- llc support for such I move. I o not belleve any of us want pu llc servlcea It the coat of III e human dlIaItarI represented by the Ilcohollc. I am. Slr. etc..

OOURANT

(III;-laltatnwn

Milwaukee Journal

In I new study for the Forelgn Policy association. Richard Judy describes factors which brought Soviet agriculture bo this state.

Considering soil. climate. mountainous country. swamps and forests. geographers estim- ate that only 15.7 per cent of the entire territory of the USSR has I potential for cultivation.

Capital investment in farming has been limited. In 1961 each Soviet tractor had to cover 432 acres of sown area. against 66 acres for each American tract- or. The input or agricultural chemicals has been miserly—- 11.7 pounds per Iown acre ln Russia. 1: o m p I red with 51.1 pounds in the United States.

LARGE FACTOR

The Soviet’: farm system has been I large factor in the mud- dle. sale prices paid for farm goods often are lower than the coat of production. Thus collec- tlve farm earnings often have been poor. p e I s I n t incomes meager and incentive payments I pittance. The result has been what Judy calls “the vicious cir- cle of stagnation."

The system does little to In- spire efficient farm manage- ment. The Sovlet manager finds it harder to plan when he lacks the wealth of market and tech- nlcal information the American farmer get: routinely from his agriculture department. The

Born In I clay plastered cot- tage. Robert Burns grew up to the llfe of a farmer. later to be- come the renowned bard of Scot- land. revered at home and hon- ored abroad. Few men have ever been so lauded Ind acclaimed and neglected durlng their life. But no sooner had mother earth I-ecelved his remains than every Ion of mourned his passing with deep and zenulue grief.

Today all over the world peo- ple are famlllar with tho wt-lb Inc of this great yet h u mble man.

Robert Burns was the product of no college. He could boast of no degrees. and yet he was I master of the Englloh language. I Iyrlcal poet whose productions stlll shake the world over I cen- tury and I half after his death.

bumbl- eat worklngi-nan amhrlue lrlm In their hearts. Ihowlng In affec- tion which has few parallels ln theannala of llterature.

In short. men of all nations are admlrex-I ol Robert Burns. Inlmatad by I warmth of ad- mlratlon which would Ieem to be unlque. The warmth. doubt- less. because of hla Imperfect llfe. and because he alone among men held the mIglc wand that lmpartad such I wealth of happiness to others. CITIZEN or ‘I'll WORLD

The greater poets of the Ices left the lmpi-an ol tbelr fruitful minds on that: compotrlots. but

none In ed the in than t and of the great

man of human! to thoroughly

II dld Burns III was truly

may be the chief reason why he bu been when Iotondly tabu- nIInlty'I .

Robert Burns llved fully I can- lllfy and I ball baton MI He was the char-mlan of

love and

career and pay of the Soviet farm director don't depend pri- marily on efficient farm opera- tion: they rest on whether h or meets his obligation of food de- livery to the state. Rather than overstate his farm's capaclty and be stuck with I heavy quota be Is likely to understate It. Ra- ther than underestlmate h I I need for capital equipment. he is likely to overestimate it.

BY CONTRAST’

By contrast, consider the record of Russia's privately owned cropland. Private plots, mostly cultivated by collective and state farmera in their spare time. make up only 3.3 per cent of all Iown cropland In the Soviet Union. In 1961. however. this small private sector out- produced collective and state farms in potatoes. vegetables. meat. milk Ind eggs.

A masslve lnfuslon of capital equipment ll planned. particul- arly In chemical lerttllzera. RI- dlo Llberty. which broadcasts the western viewpoint lnto the Soviet Union. claims that some unproductive collective fIrmI may be returned to private use to give fa:-men new lncentlva.

Agricultural weakness slows general economic progress. sap: military strength and embarras- Ies the government. R I d I c I l steps can be expected from So- let leaders In the effort to end this muddle down on the farm.

The Plowman Poet

By Ell. MIcArl.bur

in: millions of Idherenta. If Burns had written nothlng else this one llterary gem would have placed him among the Im- mortals. for It ll the greatest ex- pression ln democracy Ivar penned.

The heart of Scotland‘ great genius swelled with Ilncere sym- pathy {or every one of G o d’: creatures. Even the tlmld llttte mouse was not overlooked by hls keen eyes. and when his plow uprooted the tiny creature from lta cosy neat the poet for- thwith penned what many crit- lcs believe to be e moat per- fect expression in any language of romantic sympathy for I low- ly creature.

INDEFINABLE QUALITY

There's an lndellnabla quallty In the songs Robert Burns that very few song wrlten have been able to capture or emul- Itc. Why? No one can Iay for cure. but It may have reaullad In the poet's Ibtltly to play I In human heart Itrlngs. to give volce to lyrics that actually flowed from his soul. like water lrom I falls.

The urge to pursue tha mun camp to Burns It I compIrItlv-

we marvel of 15. without formal educatlon could do the labor of I man and yet flnd time to write poetry.

Sex and llquor played I mal- or role In Iendtnu hlm to In early grave. Handsome. witty. and lovable. Burns was the Idol of countless women. and MI un- happy love affair wltb Jean Ar- mour almost caused hlm to flee to Jamalca. Than the Fun took I hand in the poet’: attain. A thln volume of his poems were published and met wlth lnatant IucceII.bT.lcien. r I brlef per-

I

to of tllllng the ‘soil. and wt-ltln| other fascinat- I'I

Toll ls Taken- By Icy Walks

by Dr. ‘Theodora R. Vaanallan

‘SLIPPERY Ildewllks Ind Icy streets mean I high Iccldent toll. Pbyalclana usually work time and I ball during the wln ler. Iettlnz broken bones and tapping Ipralnad Inklaa. Vlalt any hospital If you doubt this statement. Many of the patients will be out of clrcultatlon f o r months and some will be disabl- Id permanently.

Falls are hlzh on the list of causes of accidents. Ieco nd only to traffic mlshapa. They occur In young and old but I r I more devastating In the elderly. Individuals over 65 compose less than 10 per cent of our total population but Iccount lor 25 per cent of accidental deaths Ind 20 per cent of Ierloul injur- leI. The majority are fractures due to Ialll-uz.

Fractured hips and legs 1:: our center clllzena present spe- c 1 Il problems. Many result from fundamental defacta In lalt or posture, The aged may tumble even when the steps and sidewalks are not dangerous - III the more reason why th ey should I t I y home when t h e streets are lcy. The belt preven-

e la Idaqualc remov snow. ice. and Ilush from steps. sidewalks. and paths. If this c In not be done. sprinkle salt, sand. gravel. or flna clnders over the area.

The closestl ever came to breaking my neck was one mor- ning when the porch was I sheet ol ice. Snow In a leaky gutter in the roof had thawed. drenching the porch and steps with water. The temperature dropped dur-. lag the night freezing the water.

Above all. take it easy when walking. Use handrails going up and down outside stairways. Wear rubbers or oversh oea with deeply grooved soles and heel — counterpart of snow tires on autos. ‘

There is no such thing as I graceful fall but when Ilipplng on Ice. try to relax. Slump or use the roll motion that football payers. pole vaulters. and acro- bats know so well. The trlck is to divide the weight of the b o dy over the hlpa. thighs. and hands.

LEG CHANGES

Mrs. M. writes: Do children's b on e I change as they grow older? My 10 - year - old daugh- ter had nlce. straight legs up until the last few months. Now the upper part Ieems to be get- tlng bowed. Need anything be done about this condition?

REPLY

Changes occur but as I rule there is no cause for concern because the legs straighten out with full growth. I assume the girl ls eating I balanced diet and la getting adequate exer- cls

NOTES BY

THE WAT‘

Mr. Henry Cabot Loan II ba- tng prominently mentioned II I U.S. presidential candidate. But. II Amerlcan praaldentl In pop- ularly known‘ by their lnlllall. his may blight hlI chances. be- lnz the same In than for the High Coll of Llvlng.— Edmon- ton Journal.

The III

IIWOIIIII flfigu Defence Mlnlstcr aeny.--. tlvaly minor cum in the defanc. budget’ can be hand fr ' old _Itory-- everyone wants the Gov- ernment to save money unlgn ,, happens to be money um U" Government II paying to men, _ SI:-nla Observer. '

De Gau|le’s Policy Moves

By Doug Marshall Cllltlllll Prou Stat! Wrlter

Praaldent dc Gaul-le’I policy move: In Southeast Asla are beginning to make sense.

HII declared lntentlon of brushing aside the Bamboo Cur- tI Ind Icknowledglng the existence of. Communlat Chlna ll not. lt Ieems. prlmarlly designed to irritate the Ameri- cIns Ind re-emphasize France‘: Independence of th 9 United States.

The math motive. moat ob- server: bellave. is to establish again French Influence In an area where France exercised considerable power until the and of the Second World War.

Many Frenchmen. including some high-ranking government officlala. remain embittered by the way the U.S. appeared to ease France out of Vict Nam only to take over as I semi- colonlal power itself.

De Gaulle apparently he- believes the Anglo - American policy of containment is out of date In Southeast Asia. Britain and the U.S.. he seems to be saying. have made I mess of things: perhaps it Is time that France. with her expert histor- ical knowledge ol‘ the stepped In and took a hand. OFFERED T0 MEDIATE

This interpretation would ex- plain de Gaulle's offer to me- diate in Viel Nam and work for I stable neutral government.

French spokesmen note that

four other NATO countries .. Britain. The Netherlands. nu, mark and orway — recogmu Red China Ind Iraua that a;,. tempts to reach an understand- ing with Peking do ‘not neces- sarily weaken the Wear’; deter. mlnItlon to fight Chinese 1;. aresslon.

The salt - spoken charm and gentle poi-Iuulon dllpllyed by Premlar Chou En-III during in; African tour hIvI helped mfg... hoatlllty to China in many coun. trlea -- parttcululy II the rm,

possibilities of trade with Chin.

open up. The recent attack on India ll quietly forgotten.

This is particularly ma 1,. France. A series of lelevigion Interviews with ‘R chines. leaders have paved the way for public acceptance ol dc Gaullefs new p _v. MAY VISIT FRANCE

Moreover. Chou has casuallv expressed I desire to re - visit the Paris he knew In his stu- dent days. and diplomacy may manipulate this Into In actual vlslt to France.

If these overtures result In China's admission to the United

: Nations. nobody will be happier

than de Gaulle.

Tensions will have eased in Asia. China will have I chance to present its case to all nations and Paris will have rejoined the ellte as I capital of world in- fluence and power.

e. IIALLUCINATIONS ' J.D. writes: Is there any per- manent cure for hallucinallons'.’, REPLY

This condition usually II as- Iociatcd with a mental disorder I Problems of this nature are best; t r e ated with psychothera py. I medlcatlon, or shock therapy

VEGETABLE OILS

W.S. writes: What Is your op-

inion ol the anfflower oil diets"

REPLY

Several vegetable olls. lnclu~ ding safflower oil. are rich In polyunsaturated fatty aclds Any one of these may be recon‘ mended to lower I hlgh cholc sterol level of the blood.

EXERCISE AFTER SURGERY .

C.l(. writes: Is it safe to ex ercise one year after an ope: Itlon?

REPLY i Yes. I say this even thou I In you neglected to mention wha Ind how much was removed. ! Today‘: Health Illnl-— Don‘l waste tlme wringln. l your hands. »

Our Yesterdays (From Ilia Guardian Flies)

TWENTY - I-‘IVE YEARS AGO (January :5, 1939)

A course has been lald out on the tea above Hlllaboro Bridge by officials of the Vlc torla Driving Club. They state that the ‘ lce II ten to twelve lnchel thick and that qultc a few horses were worked over It yesterday.

MONTREAL Jan. 28 (CP)— Tha New Cunard Whlla Llnar. Maui-elanla. now under constru- ctlon In England. will call at Halifax Icon after her maiden voyage next summer. official: or the liner announced today. The Mauratanla will make her malden trip in June.

TEN YEARS AGO (January 25. 1954) SWIFT CURRENT. S I It. - (cP)—- Farmers in Soutlnwub In Sukatcbewan Ira (India

I . new uses for baled straw or bay.

They maka strong bulldlnu It fractional coat. Within the next. year. homu are expected to be erected at It.rIw baloa. Walla will bc Ituccoed on the outalda, plastered on the Inside. Coat ta Iomlnal and so far tests have lszrotved construction to be excel- I. .

GRAND RAPIDS. Mlch. (AP) - An auto c bed onto the

on Injury broken luv for the driver car. John W.

was I of the

Inca. leavlul II foot to’ club In wheels In the not above doorway.

CENTENNIAL FEATURE! HEAR

DR. ERIC ARTHUR

in an interesting talk about

HISTORICAL BUILDINGS OF THE MARITIMES

Dr. Arthur. of the University of Toronto. II an outstanding authority on historical architecture.

Monday. January 27 — 8 PM. Charlottetown Hotel Tickets 50¢

Being sold It Taylors Jewellers Auaplcea of The P. E. I. Illuorlcal Soclety

_.‘]'” doctouolthatu. .u and III‘ 35'." " mud aduaauonal lnndat IIIIII-the 1.100 III who

full dotllls.

K».

EMPLOYERS-

consider this man:

For each man, and woman, 45 ana over you hire, the Federal Department of Labour will pay you up to $75 I month-—for up to 12 months—undar certain conditions. The worker must have been unemployed 6 out of the last 9 months. All new jobs, or jobs which were vacated before September 1st, 1963. quality. call your noaroat Natlonal Employment Oflloo for

tuuod Dy Imam arm NON. ALLAN I. MIIEACIIEII. MINISTER OF LAIOUMIAIIADA

W