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Peccrovr" 7 . THE GUARDIAN

lloralag Daily (Ioauded l.a llll) Authorised as ilsoond Ullls flail. Poet Otilee Department, Ottawa.

‘Ills Ielaud Guardian Publishing 0o. Idiior and Managing Director, J. ti. Burnett Associate Editor, Frank Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

CHARLOTTETOWN. MONDAY, JAN. 17, 194B

“Sauce For The Gander"

Commenting on the margarine situation, The Country Guide remarks pointedly: "There was always an element of protection for dairy formers in the inception and maintenance of the oleo ban, however thinly disguised. lt was a sop thrown to agriculture when Sir John A. and his successors on both sides of the House were ossidously applying the doctrine of_ protection to the whole range of industry. lt was agricul- ture's tiny cut of the juicy pie artifically created at the expense of consumers. Urban Canada now declines to yield any share of that pie. 1t is aware that it can get a cheaper spread than bui- tcr and it wants it, even it it comes from tropi- cal oils mostly from the dollar area.

"What is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. The farmers of Canada have an equal right to demand a lowering of their casts by a removal of artificial trade barriers. The agencies which worked so hard for the removal of the oleo ban ought in all fairness to proceed with the other half of the program.”

Farm Income

The Dominion Bureau of Statistics has re- leased an analysis of cash income from the sale ol farm products in Canada, in 1926, 1929 and 1933,to i947 inclusive.

ln 1933, total form income was $397 mil- lion. ln i947 it was $1,991 million, an increase of aver five times. ln 1933 there was a larger income from the sale of dairy products, poultry and eggs than there was from the sale of live- stock, but the two combined did not quite equal the value of field crops sold. In 1947 the value of livestock sold exceeded the value oi dairy products, poultry and eggs, and the two combin- ed exceeded iield crops by $200 million.

ln the 17 years studied, dairy products, poultry and eggs have exceeded the sale value of livestock three times. For two years, 1941 and i942, the value oi livestock sold exceeded the value oi field crops.

ln all areas and all products, the value of fnrm products marketed has fluctuated widely. The western provinces have moved from a low oi $197 million to a high oi $1,127 million; On- ‘tcrio and Quebec have moved from a low oi $177 million to a high of $842 million, and the Mari- trmes have moved from a low of $23 million to a high oi $90 million.

hit-zit. For Millions

A fcw months ago in his "Road to Survival", notes the Financial Post, William Vogt sent a cl~ill through the world when he predicted that the human race was heading rapidly toward star- vrrtron. But while this gloomy writer was work- ing on his book a little group of British scion- trsts were finishing up an experiment which may completely upset the already shaky foundation ior Vogt's calculations.

Last week the scientists announced a new tlrug which they think may cure or prevent sleep- ing sickness in cattle. lt was this disease, spread by the dreaded tsetse fly, which made cattle- raising impossible in large areas oi Africa and other warm regions of the world. A real cure would open literally billions of new acres to ranching in territory where feed and water are both abundant. Large sections oi Africa could soon rival the Argentine and a new and greater source oi world meat supply could be developed.

lt is discoveries like this which keep food production expanding as fast or faster than man- kind and which incidentally confound the theor- ies oi the pessimists like Vogt today and Mal- thus 150 years before him.

immigration 0n increase

Dr. H. E. Keenleyside, Deputy Minister of Mines and Resources, informed reporters at Ot- tnwa the other clay that immigrants entered Canada during 1948 to an estimated total oi 123,000 persons. This included approximately 44,000 displaced persons up to the end oi No- vember. Canada has in fact won the distinction of becoming the most expensive haven oi refuge with the single exception oi Great Britain, for the displaced persons of Europe. The records up to the end of October, 1948, show the following distribution of displaced persons as between the countries which received nearly all oi them: Australia 12,000; Belgium 20,000; United States nearly 20,000; Palestine nearly 30,000; France 21,000; Argentina 18,000; Venezuela 10,000; Brazil 50,000; the British Isles 78,000. Between July, 1947, and November, 1948, over 50,000 dis- placed persons were settled‘ in Canada. And this in spite of extraordinary transportation difficulties and handicaps.

Of the 123,000 immigrants who came to this Dominion last year almost 50,000 were from the United Kingdom. The Netherlands contribut- ed 10,000, while Canadians returning to this country from the United States accounted for another 10,000 oi the year's total. ln view of the large volume of immigration in i948 and the expectation oi a considerable emu .assed in- crease in 1949, Dr. Keenleyside says:

"Under such circumstances the Canadian Government, while providing every facility for the admission oi persons from the British Isles, believes that any high-powered immigrant re- cruiting campaidn in the United Kingdom would be in bad taste at this time." Dr. Keenleyside had in mind the announced desire of the Brit- ish Government to see the exodus from that country checked, and as large a population as

possible retained for the rebuilding of the na- tional economy. At the some time it is Canada's immigration policy, in so for as a reasoned policy is deducible from the course the Government has followed since the war, that new settlers are desirable, and that there is need of,a large increase in the Canadian population through on expanded immigrant movement, based on the principle of selection. In point of fact it is pre- dicted that without any campaign or studied effort on the part oi the authorities at Ottawa, i949 will witness the greatest influx of new sett- lers that Canada has ever received in a single year.

f EDITORIAL NOTES f.

Canada has done well by her returned men but the United Kingdom seems to have scored a "beat" by giving to disabled veterans a spec- ially designed car and an allowance on which to run it.

‘k ‘k W

Yet another English visitor to thiscountry has accused the Canadian people oi borrowing culture from the United States. The only people who come readily to mind who did not borrow culture were the Australian blackiellows, and they did not even attain the bow and arrow stage.

'8 I

Premier Jones will have some difficulty sub- stituting satisfactory labour laws for the present rcstrictive measures. The opinion of union spokes- men should receive careful consideration on any proposed legislation, yet it is unlawful for any- one to speak on behalf of any but autonomous local unions.

Speaking in jesi, JKirig" Clancy neverthe- less pointed out a feature of Canadian sport which it would be well to eliminate. "The N. il. L. players," said the referee, "are a bunch of good fellows, but they all give you on argu-

ment." i I fi

The University College oi the West Indies which is being built near Kingston, Jamaica, will find an urgent need of those islands but at the some time will weaken a link with Canada. It means the end of a trend in which more and more West Indian students have been complet- ing their education ‘in this’ country.

ln the United States, according to the National Public Housing Conference, 25 per cent of all rented housing space-especially in larger cities—is under-occupied due to discrimination against families with children. A campaign is now under way, sponsored by newspapers, real estate boards, ministers of the gospel and others against landlords who consider their profits more important than the future of the nation. A U. S. Federal Public Housing Authority survey is also being quoted to prove that careless adults, not children, are the worst house-Wreckers.

¥~ Q $

Britain is to have new coins this year. A Royal proclamation recently ordered that the words "lndiae lmperator", or Emperor lndra, should be omitted in all the instruments in which the title was used. The changes in the ‘coins will consist, therefore, of the omission of 1nd. lmp." from cupro nickel, nickel, brass and bronze coins and the King's Maundy money. The new coins were designed by Mr. T. H. Pag- et, the artist who modelled the King's effigy for a number of previous coins. They are cx- pected to be available ‘very shortly.

Rt. Hon, Lloyd George, British statesman. born this date 1863. Had u hectic career ill pali- tics, but was the man of the hour in Great War l when he did more vocally to rouse the people to resist German aggression than all the rest of the politicians put together. He was radical in his views, opposed to the House of Lords, but nevertheless ended his career by accepting a peerage. His widow, (second wife) l-udY 1-1°Yd George, formerly his private secretory has re- cently written his biography. 17111115 5°“ ""4 daughters have intimated that it rs not the oi- ficial or authorized biography which is being prepared under their direction.

Manitoba Liberdl lirogiiessives are "prepar- ed" for a federal election in 1949, with 13 candl dates already lined up iii Manitoba s 16 constit- uencies and the other three to be nominated in the near future. C. B. Philp, past president and chairman of the organization committee of the Manitoba Liberal Progressive Association, made this known to 200 delegates attending the organization's annual meeting. The three seats where nominations still are to be held are Souris, Portage-Neepawa and _ Selkirk, Mr. G, R. Rowe of Brandon, association president, said resolutions passed at the national l-ibcrm convention in Ottawa would constitute the plat- form on which the provincial party would fight a general election.

U K F

Quite amusing is the Financial Post story from Ottawa that the St. Lawrence Seaway plan is regarded as an important part of economic co-operation with the U. 5., comments The Let- ter Review. This, reduced to plarnfnghsh. 111811115 that the desirability of economrc- co-operatlon with the U. S. is to be used to convince the Canadian public that it is extremely important that the St. Lawrence project, including the pow- er facilities for N. Y. State and Ontario, should be paid for by the taxpayers of the U. S. and Canada, while those communities would like to build the power plants at their own expense -without interfering in the least with the na- vigation proiect, but rather moving that a stage forward. This is Ottawa propaganda at rts very peak. From Washington come quite elaborate propaganda accounts of how it is proposed there to "develop" the St. Lawrence Valley along the lines of the TVA experiment. lt does not secm to occur to‘ anyone at Washington that alI the St. Lawrence Valley which the U. S. controls rs between Lake Ontario and Cornwall. it is not certain that the Canadian people _are anxious to have the rest of the St. Lawrence Valley turned

TH E r! ACKDAW

There ls e blrd, who by his cost. And by the hoarsenes of his note Might. be supposed u. crow;

A great. frequenter of the church. Where bishop-like ‘he flnde a. perch. And dolwnlwry too.

Above the steeple shines e plate, That. turns and turns, to indicate From what point blows the weather: Look up-your trralns begin to

swim, ‘Tls ln the clouds — that pleases rhtm, l-le chooses it the rather.

Fond of the speculative height. Thlther he wings his airy flight, And thence securely sees

The bustle and the rareshow That. occupy mankind below, Secure and at his ease.

You think, no doubt, he sits and 1111,1505

On future broken bones and bruises. If he should chance to full.

No; not. a single thought like that Employs his philosophic pate,

Or troubles it. at all.

l-le secs that. this great munrlabout The world, with all lts motley rout, Church. army, physio. low.

‘its customs and its businesses

is no concern at. all of his,

And says-what says he'!—can'!

Thrice happy bird! I too have seen Much of the vanities of men; And, sick of having seen ‘em. Would cheerfully these limbs re- sign i-‘or such a nail‘ of wings as thine. And such n head between 'em.

—Wllliam Cowper (1731-1500)

WWO Old Charlottetown

(And P. B. I.)

TIMES CHANGES

In the very dim past our beau- tcous Hillsboro River was a brook tlmt bubbled over its pebbles in a! manner that would suit. Tennyson. Like nny other stream. us the ages rollcrl uwuy. it gradually ground i110 alrl 'l‘rinssic sandstone nnd car- ricd its fragments to tho distant sch. In doing so it deepened iis boil until its banks. from which the rushes once kissed the waters. now towered perhaps a hundred fret. above its surface; but it prot- 110d on. for the land was rising above the ocean, and it could af- ford to dig deeper. it was joined by thr- Elliot and York river's at a point. we cull the Three Tides, and thence it flowed in a tortuous course through what is now the liar-hour's mouth. and on to the south until it. joined a stream that. lmri its source near Cape Traverse.

‘Then rump a period when the land (tensed to rise. nnd gradually began to sink. Countless ages pas- svrl and brought other changes. Tidal writer began to mingle with the fresh, and when the tide was 111211 the river's sang was mute, It fclt no longer the pulse of the hills; it. became u slave of the ocean nnd ris sluggish current changed with lire tides. Its banks sank level with the sea nnd where once the $1111 Dlnycd on the shallows it was tirn futhoms deep. The land $311k still lower and with each recurring title the river broke over ltg bank5_ Silt and debris we're washed back, 811d Ilrhdually the pebbles, on which the river song ln the days of its TPPCQOm. were buried deep in mud. T o banks sank still lower until they lost their character as boun- daries to tho stream, except when at low tide it flowed dark and ‘sul- 1°11~ AWHY back where the giants of the forest waved their tops the Five! had made new banks, and the olri ones are what the small boy cnils the edges of the channel, _wh°l‘° ‘lufillflllgh loves to dwell.

—From nn article by John T, Clnrkm, B.A., in the Prince Edward Island Miikazine. January, 1905.

How to Address Boys *3)’ lluroTd—l\Tlcolson in The Spectator)

I was lecturing the other day l0 the $011101‘ boys of one of our 3Y9“ Duhli schools. I could ask for no moo intelligent or ap- preciative and‘ nce; and yet, when I tnlk to sch olboys, I am aware of a. certain inner embarrasstncni. is it. that I remember all too vlvld- 13’ U"! day-S whorl l also was com- 10811011 I11 sit. for an hour in n classroom and to listen to old gentlemen expoundlng to me the Imlillre of the beautiful and the good? N0! that, at. my gehoql, we were often regaled by such academic discourses. The talks given to 11s by visitors from the outside WOYld were mostly of a practical nature. We were told about. English bird life and wild flowers, both of them subjects which. at that date. left. me cold. Occasionally a clergyman would come down tn the afternoon and talk to us about. missionary work tn Formosa or upon the 19w“- reaches of the Zambest. I can re- cull e profoundly sblmulaflno 19;. iu-re upon the’ mating habits of eels - habits which appeared to me 111 the time to be so strenuous and “Mums as to be barely credible. But. the only uplift 1ec-' ture which has remained tn my memory was one in which the herrdmaslernof some rival school spoke to us about the privileges which we enjoyed, "Respondeoo natulibus," he urged us. "live up to your birthright." I remember this appeal, since it aroused with- in me a conflict between snobbish oell-Rrettficetlon and egalitarian instinct. It. was agreeable to be assured that. we belonged to the upper clauses‘ yet. even in those Edwardian diys such satisfaction as this assurance gave was

over to the U., S. for experimental purposes.

clouded by doubt. I do not re- member that I was actually bored

A HOME FOR ME I

by those lectures, but I do remem- ber tliat I was acutely critical of the old men who gave them. More specifically do I recall the contempt aroused within me by the type of visitor who was anx- ious to assure us that. when he was n lad he had been regarded as unpromlsiug and indolent; I was sickened by the uposlopesls of such an argument. by the implied conclusion. “Yet observe w-hat. a success I trove made of ltfe."

It ls, 1 suppose, my recollection

O I e " of the observant and coldly czltl- cal attitudes adopted by school- boys to outside lecturers which renders me self-conscious. To me l: appears but a. short. span of time since I olso,sat upon a bench and watched the gentlemen on the platform. To them the gulf between us. must seem as immense as that. between San Francisco and shanghai. One becomes aware that one ls seeking by small depre- cotory quirks of language, by little touches of intimacy and under- standing. to lessen the gulf be- tween the generations; that the boys are all too conscious that. [hi5 pose of movey juvenlliiay ls unconvincing and shameful. One does not. of course. resort. to those custard-brawls of eggy adulation which Socrates would pour upon the small black treads of Clelulos rind Charmlcles. But. one does seelz, I fear, lo conclllete so formid- able an audience: and in so doing one ls not doing wall. I comfort znyself with the reflection that. it; must take many years of practice for a. man of aver sixty to address with complete naturalneas some two hundred boys of between ft‘.- ‘rceu and eighteen. Always there intruder. that. sense of difference, that effort to diminish the dzf- fcrence, and that. absurd endeav- our to lessen the gulf by appear- tug more young, more vigorous, more sporllve than ln fact ts true.

ing that. most of the boys are per- fectly accustomed to such post-ur- lng upon the port. of their lectur- ers; that. they bear no ill-will; and that wit-tun u. few minutes they will have forgotten all about the uneasy incident. and will be running across muddled play- grounds coplng with balls. Yet. the uneasiness, the ache of infidelity,

sctenceas I returned that evening to London. I sat ln my compart- ment, gazing out upon the mists of a November evening, discon- tented wilh myself.

O O O

It may be - onus did I console my morbid mood - that. one or perhaps two of those boys that. af- ternoon had been interested per- haps, perhaps even stimulated, by my discourse, It. has certainly hap- pened to me. and more than once. that an elderly major or colonel has introduced himself to me at. some reception and assured me that. he remembered my giving a lecture at Churterhouse or Marl- borough in 1932. Such encounters are a. grave delight; but they ere

tures. one can lnstil into e single mind some new conception. some fresh habit of thought, one has accomplished an achievement. The life of a schoolmaster must. seem a wersrisc-me iteration of routine conducted against a background of sullen, and at times of active, hostility. Yet. there must. came moments when he is aware that. he has kindled a spark, that in one young mind at least the‘ lamp of curiosity has been lit; and such

"its must compensate for all those ohlll mornings and tired eve- nings. for all the other frustrated energies. even for those dark tn- stnnts when the schoolmaster feels ire does not wish ever again to see a human being under the age of thirty-five. At. n. publtp school, when some of the boys at. least. are emerging lnil) manhood. such sudden tvtrmatlons of value must be of frequent occurrence. Yet. at. a private school, where the boys are little more than mice scatt- llng, the drudgery of teaching those who do not. wish to learn must at times be almost. beym: ‘ endurance. One offers them a whole world of varied beauty; all that. they absorb are n. few pieces of information. Ono stocks their little heads with chunks of feats; but. very rarely to the master st. rt private school is ti. voucheefed to see those heads starting c: work on their own power.

1 mu neerfrriruirg that after- noon about "The Approach in

FIRST SHOW ME THAT YOU YOU NEED ME BY PROVIDING

I comfort myself also by consider»

remains. It hung upon my can»

rare. Yet. assuredly lf, by such lee»

.__ rm: GUARDIAlSL CHARLOTTETOWN__

REALIZE

______.____-—- Foreign Affairs." I had sought to convince them that they, the educated elite, were in duty bound to acquire n. reasoned and dispos- slonate attitude towards that. com- plicated subject. Under our mod- ern system, I suggested. it was essential for any Government to conduct a foreign policy which had the support. of the brood masses. The complexity of the subject was. however, so great that. it. ivas difficult to suppose that the proletariat could ever be tn- duced to take an intellectual ln- terest in external affairs; there thus existed the temptation for any Government to secure 1113.55 support by resorting to such emo- tional appeals as fear. suilllcVJ-W anger, pride and even greed. There was an increasing danger there- fore that. foreign policy might be- come subservient. to. and guided iby, waves of popular emotion; lf these waves were ln any sense to be conalisrd it was essential that who educated ellte should acquire such correct habits of thought. as ‘would enable them to check un- reasoned impulses and to act as sign-posts to a more,senslble and balanced point of view. The elite therefore must pay more accen- ilon than hitherto to foreign af- lfnlrs. I hope they understood ltnal point; it was important. nnd ‘ true. It. gave some answer at least. lie the inevitable question: “But. {even lf I spend much time and ‘trouble in seeking to understand ,forelgn affairs. what is there that ‘I can do about. it?” ~The answer rs: “You can check the silliness of others." I certainly believe that 'lf educated people were more in- telligent about foreign affairs there would be less danger of ooln- lions rushing madly lo and fro like frightened sheep. Fewer ancl fewer people ln a gush of relief ‘would accept. as “peace with non- our" an agreement which wns most cllshonournble and which assuredly did not. make for peace.