Eur Eastman

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Proflnces and United States 512.00 per mum. PAGE 4

TUESDAY, SEPT. 23, 1553':

Another Warning

The heavy damage resulting to the car ferry f‘Prince Edward Is- lan " from Saturday’s fire should .be enough to convince the author- ities that no further time should be lost in providing an additional boat for our vital Borden-Tormen- tine service. This accident, following i the partial breakdown which oc- curred during Old Home Week, spells out the warning which has been sounded in these columns on several occasions, which was em- phasized in a resolution passed by the Summerside Board of Trade and also by the Hon. B. Earle Mac- Donald,“ Provincial Treasurer, in a recent address before the Retired Railway Veterans Association._ I_ The “Prince Edward Island,” as Mr.' Mat-Donald pointed out, 'is

forty years old and'cannot in any '

event be ekpe’cted to service the Pro- vince much 'longer. Our ferry. trafé fic has grown enormously in .re-. cent years and it is only by good fortune that, we have not run into serious difficulties before now. We haVe stressed repeatedly that the Causeway project would not be

made an excuse for sidesteppipg ,

this urgent’problem, and we, have been supported by a number, of mainland neWspapers in this con- tention. Our federal representatives

should “seek immediate, assurance ,

from, Ottawa that our ferryirequire- -ments.w111 be given top priority.

, 7' Service Pensi'Ons I V I“? Mr. Herbert Hoover and Mr. Harry S. Truman can be grateful to the Congess which in its last session passed legislation providing pensions and other benefits for ex- Presidents. Each will receive $25,-,

000 a year as long as he lives, free -

mailing privileges, .)offi'ces‘ paid for by the Government and 'an annual allowance of up to $50,000

A for salaries for aides. Both men .' ~ '

have signified their intention of ac- cepting the “emoluments. Wouldn’t? I II I I I Mr‘. Hoover, who is reputed be a very wealthy man, has indicat-“ ed that he will give his fpensio‘n to Charity or education. Mr. Truman, a man of comparatively moderate means, although he has , made fa good deal of money: 1 from his memoirs, hasn’t yet said what he will do with his. But no. doubt he will find a use for it. In all likeli- hood, he will, spend some of it on the Truman Library and Museum in Independence, Mo., his home town, where the papers and doucuments re- lated to his Presidency are kept. Some day, perhaps, Canada will honour its ex-Prime Ministers in some such way—that is, after they irrevocably retire from public life.

_I I I Children 5 Fund '

, The annual Ire-port of the Secre-

tary-General of the United Nations

shows that the organization” does a,

great deal more than help the nations overcome one political crisis after an- other. This is important, of course; and there is little doubt‘that the UN. has, in fact, done a good deal to keep recurring crises from erupting into war. But perhaps its . chief contribu- tion to mankind lies'in the various 1n- ternational agencies which it spon- sors and over which it has a super- visory control.

Not the least of these agencies in World service is the UN. Children’s Fund. This is a fund to bring aid to

the health and general welfare of the -

needy children of the world. During 1957, 48'inillion children were reached in this way. This is an impressive figure;- but the magnitude of the

problem can be seen in Mr. Hammar- ‘

skjold’s statement that the figure re- presents only about one out of every dozen needy children. This is to say that there are approximately I600 million children in the world who are in various stages of need. More than half of them are hungry most of the time. This is a shocking thing, when it is remembered that in the prosper- ous countries, including Canada, thousands of tons of good food are Virtually going to waste.

The Children’s Fund is at work in

100 countries and territories, most of I

that he is. ‘

them in Asia and Africa. A bright note in the report is the statement that underdeveloped countries are contributing out of their slender re- sources sums equal to two or three times the amount they receive from the agency.

This, surely, is one agency that deserves the greatest possible sup- port: As Mr. Hammarskjold puts it in his report, “aside [from their hu- manitarian aspects, these programs are having beneficial economic and social effects. It can be hoped that'all Governments and their peoples will wish to do their share for the world’s children—4n a. spirit of dedication to a great task.”

A Prelate's View

His Eminence Francis Cardinal Spellman, the Roman Catholic Arch- bishop of New York, takes a gloomy view of the international situation. In fact, he appears to believe that war is well nigh inevitable.

Speaking at Lourdes, France, Where thousands of pilgrims from all over the world have gathered to pray for the peace of the world, Cardinal Spellman declared; “The nations of the world aregirding themselves for another war, this time a war of an- nihilation. The whole world and every human being in it face the, greatest crisis in the history of civilization, as nations rélentlesSly refuse to do God’s Will and learn to live in honest respect for one another. It is my constant prayer that nations may awaken from the lull of Wishful thinking and fatal

lest Godless, Hmerciless men, fierce and fiendish in their design to con- Que'r“ and enslave God’s free world, may completely and forever‘destroy it.”

I I Cardinal Spellman doeshnot claim to be infallible in his judgments; in Roman; Catholic doctrine only ‘the Pope andfche General Councils: are accorded that distinction—and they, only-1hr mutton of faith, and morals. He is sateen student ofinternational - affairs, nevertheless, andhis opinions life held in high respect in the United

‘ .Sta'tés’imong men of allvfaiths. Let

us hope that‘Ithis time‘the distinguish- ed prelate is mistaken in his View that

' “the nations are girdingthem‘selves'

for another war.” However, the curL ' rent situation, which seems to beta; matter of crisis fellowing crisis,cer~ tainly does not provide any evidence

t

EDITORIAL-Nous

Dr. Charles Malik, "the; new Prei

‘ly in English, French, German and Arabic. He is a graduate of Harvard University where," he . once taught: philosophy. He is a Christian. I. II II it "it 1‘ _ Prime Minister Macmillan says that Britain supports the United Sta-

Strait dispute be settled by negotia- tions and not by force. At the same time,~he says, Britain has no obliga- tion to assist the United States in the . event of war resulting from China’s use of force. Somehow the two state-

ments do not appear to agree one with the other.

i1 t #

,General Motors Corporation re- cently celebrated its 50th anniver- sary. Since itsestablishment it has manufactured more than 69 million vehicles. In 1955—its best year— it earned more than $1 billion; quite an achieVement for a business which in 1921 was advised by in- dustrial experts to go into liquida-

compete in its field.” fi t O ' The history of Fort Amherst is well known to Prince Edward Is- landers, but today it will receive wider publicity in a CBA broadcast

en by Mrs. Gordon MacDonald, Char-r lottetown, and will point up the recent announcement that the site of the old fort is being purchased by the Pro- vincial Government to be handed Over to Ottawa for conversion into a na- tional historic park.

i= =)'F .

The Canadian consul at Detroit thinks there is a good potential mar- ket for this Province’s: fishery pro- ducts in Michigan and Wisconsin.

' Lobsters are what he has in mind

principally. There is no scarcity of fresh water fish in the two States. If frozen cod, haddock and other salt water fish could be‘shipped as cheaply as supplies from Maine and otheryUnited States’ eastern areas, no doubt the products would find I

a ready market—provided a regular supply and high quality were guar- anteed.

apathywhile, there still may be time, .

’Sidtilll of. the anaemia: mem_.I. . . . himself understood. ‘He: talks fluent-

tes in its insistence that the Formosa . .

tion because “it could not expect to ‘

at 2 o’clock. The broadcast will be giv— * ’

Experts For

Fluoridation

By Herman N. Bundesen, Md). I THOUGHT all the controver- sy over fluoridation had died doui long ago. Every once In a ,while I receive an inquiry as to ‘whether fluor'llation is “safe.” Let me answer this query for once and for all. In my opinion, and in the opinion of the Ameri- can Dental Association, the World Health Organization and doctors, dentists and medical and dental societies the world over, fluorida- tion is safe.

IN OPERATIONS

Today approximately 32,500—000 Americans are drinking fluorida- ted water. Flu-ridation is in op- eratibn in 1,539 U.S. cities and towns.

Outside the United States, fluor- idation programs are currently in operation in communities in

CHINESE WATER TORTURE

OTTAWA REPORT

,Recopturlng By Patri'ck'Nicholson Special Correspondent for The Guardian

Force Basin, N.W.T.:.Four score years ago, our Fathers of Con— federation named this country The Dominion of Canada. That name expressed their pious faith in the Ethical prediction that “HIS Dom-

, inion shall be from sea to‘ sea,

and from the river even to the ends of the earth.”

How near we' have come to Wrecking our Fa-thers’ faith in Canada’s future. How dangerous-

‘ly have concentrated on the

river, and ignored the earth.

At this point, very near the geographical centre of our Fath-

the ends of

ers’ concept of Canada; we have

jeopardizedéour our country:

There are two grounds up on which a nationmay lay legiti- mate; clam 'Ito‘vany piece of real estate; One is by 'vdiscoyery or exploration; the other is. by “ef-

soveIreig-uty over

ifectiue occupation",'< which might

follow ' ? either I discovery, I 'or con- ,quest,‘ or 'purclix‘aISe'; , ' Climatic reasons and lat-k of

bodies have handicapped our duty '

andvrour wish to establish‘effec-

.tiv'e occupation of the Northland beyond our Handler of settlement.

This especially true in the

case of the islands between our

mainland and theI,Nor.th Pole. So wevhatve fallen back on the “sec-

tor-“theory” of land ownership.

This maintains that ‘a nation bor- dering the polar regions has the right' to all land lying in the pie-

, slice area lying. between the mer-

UN.

By Joseph

The Arctic

idiaus of longitude marking its east and west borders, and pro- jected they meet at the pole. O'TR,ESKIMO PIE I

Fifty years ago Canada put for- ward the sector theory. We claim- ed all the land between the north- ward projections of the 60th mer- idian, which passes through the eastern nose of Nova Scotia, and the 141st meridian, which marks the western bound of the Yukon.

This Sector theory has nabs-sis in international law.’We have not, onlyfumbled our sovereignty ov- er the Arctic, but we have weak- ened our own- sector theory...

For example, in 1902 the Nor- wegian explorer Otto Sverdrup discovered and claimed three is- lands in our sector of the Arc- tic, and named themI the Hei- berg and Ringnes islands. More than 20 years later, we paid Nor- way $20,000 for the restricted sov—

ereignty over them, thus admit- ,»

ting that our claim to them und- er our Sector Theory was not adequate. ' , . . As recently as 1956, only 19,313 Canadians, of European or Tilt?" dian or Eskimo stock, lived in the 1,305,000 square miles of the.

Northwest Territories. This token ‘

occupation was expanded by the long dog-sled patrols.cam'ied out by the R.C.MJP. Such occupa- tion might be interpreted as ‘fe’f- fec't-ive” if it were coupled with outline mapping and charting of

the coastal waters. But we had‘ incomplete maps, and our charts

Peace Victories

MacSween

Canadian Press Staff Writer

United Nations discussion of the Formosan crisis st 3 r t e (I out sharply, with no inunediate signs of a meeting of minds, but per- haps in the background a few glimmers of hope can be seen.

The UN~—awi.th all its faults and weaknesses—can point to succes- ses, peacevictories achieved through imagination and skull.

As John Foster Dulles of the United States and Andrie Gro- myko of Russia spoke on the Far East in the General Assembly, UN sources reported qualified success in another critical area—~ the Middle East.

UN “PRESENCE”

While the current tension swirls around the Quemoys and Matsus in the Formosan Straits, it’s easy to forget that only a few months ago people were talking freely of imminent general war in the Mid- dle East. , 7 v v

'The United Arab Republic on the one hand and Jordan and Lab- anon on the other now are re-

ported to have agreed on a plan for a UN “peace presence” in their territories.

No hard facts are known on just what form the “presence” will take, but even the term shows ingenuity, obviously de- signed to take the sting out of the watchdog idea. 5 BREATHING SPELL?

‘ Everyone knows that one main purpose is to keep an eye on the ambitions of Gavmal Abdel Nas- ser, but even he is reported ag- reeable to the plan, providing the “presence”: is based in Damas- cus, not Cairo.

One view may be that Nasser is merely giving himself a breath- img spellafter his successes- But international diplomats in the nu— clear age are liable to be willing —ev-en eager—to settle for the imperfect.“ '

, Hammarskjold’s technique in the Middle East is something new in UN experience. The authors of the UN charter envisaged an in-

Living Thermometers,

Insects are so completely in the grip of the weather that some are living thermometers. An observer can read from their actions the mpmtum in degrees Fahren-

Famous for its accuracy is the snowy tree cricket, a half-inch- long denizen of the trees.

In North America it begins its

serenade about the middle of

July and continues into the au- tumn. The male “sings” by rub- bing its wings together, produc- ing a “treat treat treat treat” sound through the night. DETERMINES RATE

The tempo is determined by the temperature. The warmer it is, the faster the cricket chirps.

To take a reading, count the number of chirps in 15 seconds and add 40. The resulting figure is the temperature in Fahrenheit, accurate within a degree or two. The crickets simplify the process by not competing with each other. They chirp in unison.

All insects, being cold-blooded, are greatly affected by the tem— perature of the air. It determines the temperature of their bodies, hence their rate of activity.

A scientist with stopwatch, ther-

National Geographic Society

\

mometer, and ruler found ants on a Cal'lflornria mountain travel- ling 52 feet an hour at 50 de- grees Fahrenheit. When the tem- perature doubled, the ants scur- ried 780 feet an hour-15 times fas- Der.

One species of grasshoper has two songs—a daylight chant and an evening serenade. It is so sensitive it will change its tune if a cloud passes under-tithe sun.

Observers note that many grass hoppers fly only when the mer- cury stands at 85 degrees or high- er. Certain moths seem unable to fly unless their body tempera- tures are above 63 degrees. WOOLLY BEAR UNMASKED

Contrary to folklore, no insect knoWs enough about the weather to predict 'it. ’

Most famous for this supposed ability is the woolly bear—a fur— ry caterpillar with black head and tail and a reddsh brown midsec- tion. Legend going back to colon~ ial days claims the width of the brown section indicates the sever- ity of the winter to come. The wider the band, the milder the winter.

Some years ago. Dr. CH. Cup, ran, curator of insects and spid—I

— ..

am still excelled by Russian charts of our: waters in some ways. ‘ ' ' THE LOST ISLANDS

Cabinet Ministers today still have maps of Canada dated 1947 turning in their offices. These do not even show the. existence of two islands in this contrally lo- cated stretch of sea called Forte Basin, although their icing area more than. price thatotf Prince Edward Island. These two islands,

since named Prince Charles? and. Air Force, were first discovered ,

accidentally by au-_R.C.A.F. pilot in 1948. ' ‘ . .

', With those-islands not "even marked on gobérnment maps, We would have been in a very tricky position if, "say, some Chinese, who are not concerned with the Sector Theory, had landed there and claimed ownership, betcre 1948. ' .

lium‘bens of Americans, serving with the U.S. Air Force or work- ing for contractors, have poured iutoour Arctic to set up and op- erate radar stations forming the Distaut‘Etarly Warning or DEW um. Those Americans- haye’ be- gun to talk of “our Arctic”. Cun- adians‘ "landing their ' aircraft there' have been turned away by ’UJS. pseutrles and told to thf- ’ '.- e‘ The "situation had developed to the point where we had toas-

sert' olir sovereignty pasitiv'ely, and}; quickly, or risk embassa's- .

sin-g international, incidents.

I will describe in, another col- umn the eliciting spectacle I have seen in our Arctic, and how the Diefeubaloer government has re captured our Arctic this summer with a fleet of World War Two invasion barges.

tennaltional police force but noth— ing so subtle as a “presence.” CHANGING CONCEPT

The ideal of a pennanent inter- national force remains but is be- set by difficulties, mostly because of the overriding power of the US. and Russia; In this field the middle and smaller powers play a great role, such as Canada’s part in the formation of the

United Nations Emergency Force

that intervened in the Suez SIS. . In Korea, a hastily - organized

1, international force fought a bloo-

dy war with-inconclusive results. and since then the concept of- world policing has gradually evol- ved to meet the need of the moment. .

Tlhe UNEF, for instance, was charged with a vastly different

v job from that of the Korean ex-

pedition. And in the recent Mid- dle East flareups, it was a group classed simply as “observers” that was sent to Lebanon.

Should the current, Warsaw talks fall between the‘AU.S. and. 'Red China, perhaps the UN will come up with yet another wonk- able plan for the erubattled Que- moys and Matsus.

ers at the American Museum of

,Natunal History, set out to test

the theory. Selecting a fine fall day when the leaves w‘ere turning and the air was bracing, he led an expedition to gather woolly bears near New York City. Meas- ured, tabulated, and averaged out the caterpillars bands indicated a mild winter. A mild wunter' fol- lowed.

Eor four consecutive years the bears called the turn. Builders, coal and oil merchants. and ski- ers began to shower in requests for the latest woolly word.

Then the beans went sour. They predicted as well as ever, but the weather didn’t follow. After nine years of pleasant autumn safaris, Dr. Curran announced to the world what had long suspec- ted: the w ly beans’ bands prove nothing.

TOA SWITCHES JOBS

MONTREAL (OP) —— Trans- Canada Air Lines Friday an nounced a shuffle of managers in the Caribbean area. The air line said Stanley N. Knight, formerly TCA manager at Nassau in the Bahamas, has been .Shifted to spe- cial assignments .at the [Montreal tr e g 1 o n a l headquarters. He is being replaced at. Nassau by Murray SLho-rt, manager at Bar‘- bados.

Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Can‘- ada, Chile, Columbia, E1 Salva— dot, Germany, Great Britain, Ja- pan, Malaya, the Netherlands, New, Zealand, Panama Canal Zone, Sweden and Venezuela. Nor- way and Switzerland plan to start

' fluoridation programs soon.

If fluoridation were not safe, not valuable, would so many no lions be using it?

A UNANIMOUSLY ENDORSED

international cummittee of scieutis-ts‘of the World Health Or- ganization delved into the, matter of fluoridation thoroughly. ‘ The members, of: this committee un- animously endorsed. water floor-i»

, dation, stating!