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MAGAZiNE GUAkDi F”i"..l‘}.Zi-';Li;';’f.1 '°’.$i.‘:°"““°
,'=.;_,¢_»,‘
mers.
'ro 'rm-: FARMER
Farmer!-and others interested are
`- invited to contribute to The Farm, The Dairy, The Turf, and Good roads departments of the Guardian
either by question, correspondence or There is no grief without soniel
otherwise. Answers will he given by sgpertstonll questions of gene,-M interest and space will be given to any articles that will lil ally way help to advance Princ-e_E<lwerd is- land interests.
Contributors are asked to have
their articles at this oflice early eacn week. ll °l11y.a short emergency item can be handled as late as one p. ill. Wednesday. _All received after till! l1°\ll' °5ll¥\°l Bllllear until the following week.
_;__l_i___.
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nie scilooi. g _ iso j<
THE HOME I
-/,. ./W t.
~.» »
Contributions for this department
should be addressed to
~
President Teacher’s Association,
Guardlau‘e School and Homo, P. 0. Box 188 Charlottetown.
if you want to keep the children on
the farm, then begin this year to make farming and the farm home more attractive for the boys and girls. So much is left undone by par- ents that might be accomplished to prevent the younger generation from migratlllg to the cities. Tho children cannot be blamed for leaving some fsrmsteads and their surroundlligs.
Sets plants of lettuce raised from
September and October sown seeds in botbeds and semi-hotbeds. A large _wheelbarrowful of fermeiltliig ma- nure spaded under eacll 3 x 6 sasll will generate enough heat to produce the crop.
DRILL IN MULTIPLICATION. M
i llavc found it-advantageous to
substitute for drill ill the multiplicatloii tables awsories of problems. These problem can be prepared rapidly ami in great numbers in the following way. The method also has the advant- age of giving complete drill in all the combinations. .
'1‘lle selcctioll of the lllultipiicl' is
dictated by the steps previously deve- loped, the multiplier may be 2. or 3, or, if two-place multiplying he known, 2,3. Four’s havillg been developed. and ~-irlnwlplication ~~ br t1lree“‘pla'celi' known, the multiplier can be 234, oi' 432, or 432, or 324. A lliuitipliclliid is then selected us follows: 369-. Stlccessively aroulld thc school I givc out to repllico thc dash thc figures 1, 2, 3, 4, otc., up to 9. The ilrst l~.liild's multiplicand, then will read H691; tlio second clllld's 3602; the third clllld’s, 3603, etc., a condition that alters thc i'osult of each cllild's' example mill so puts each child oil his owil resources. His licigllbor cannot help llllli und llc ilnds the necessity of doiilg his own work.
Quickly working the first example.
.l add tholiiultipller to the product alid get the answer to the second example. Adding the multiplier to tllat answer gives the answer to tile third example, and so on. '
'l‘llis is the device practically work-
cd out:
8691 432
7382
11070 14764
1594512
432
1594944
432
1
l<`l rst c|lild's nllswer.
Second cllild’s answer.
1595378 Third child's liilswcr,
ulld so on.
Tho facility with which each child
can be given il. separate example and be immediately examined is the fea- ture that recommends the device for It least exsnlination.- Western _School Journal.
.
GOOD SENTENCEB.
great provision to soften its intense- lless.-G. D. Prentice.
Humor is the disinfectullt of emo-
tion. lf women could keep their sense of _humor when they fall ill love marriage would be turned from a weary pilgrimage through a waste of tears into a sbinilig El Dorado.- Miss Constance Smedley.
Speak clearly if you speak at all, Carve every word before you let it
fall. -Holmes.
Heaven solids us good meat, but the
devil sends cooks.-Garrlck.
The inability to endure solitude
and silence is the pressing curse of modern life.-Artliur Pcndenys.
Life is a comedy to those who
llllllli; a tragedy to those who feel.- Emily Post.
The schoolmastcr is generally a
nian, wllu having learlled to teach has long ago ceased to learn.-Judge Parry.
Opportunities seldom come at the
moment we most desire them.-I-I. E. Rensburg.
One _obtains success today nlore by
the lloise one makes rather than by the talent that one has.-Edouard Pailleron.
In general, the foundations of a
happy old age must he laid in youth. -Cooke.
Don't work for wages. Work for
the accolnplishment of something.- Leslie M. Shaw.
Truly there is nothing in the world
so blessed and so sweet as the heri- tage of children.-Mrs. Oliphant.
Young men who isolate themselves
in college and pore over books are ilot the men who succeed in after
CHILD STUDY FROM A
TEACHER'S STANDPOINT
By G. A. Adams. inspector
Early philosophers and psycholo-
gists have written mucll on phases of child life, but the systematic study of the neutral and physical nature of children has been reserved for moderli and quitc recent times.
Tile subject was first apgiroached
from the point of view of the educa- tor and lllaliy of the authorities oil this subjejct have insisted oil the vl- inl iillportallcc of li study of cliildreli to the lille who expects to teach tlicill.
All of the curly writers advocated
thc liccd of beginning education with all appeal to tho senses..
The great cnlplliisis thrown by child
psychologists upon thc focblcilcss ol' intelligciico und the illlpcrfcclloll of ini-ltiilcts in the infsllt nllturully rouses oilr cliriosliy us to wily thc young of liituies. should be so iliucli llloro clipalllc of helping themselves, but one finds lil ilie vcry liclplcsslless oi' llifuiicy lilo secret of liiall's capsc-| ity to lcurll. . ’l‘llo lilo oi` ii brute is' gelieiviliy sinl-ji,lc. it docs llot need to do lleiv things liilli is fillrly woll lixoll ill its ilinnlirr of lifc hy its ilisilllcts. while lllilll, on thc other lliilid. is coli- llliuslly crlillpdllod to louril to iiioct clllorgoilcles, llclicc he is horn helpless with ilnpcrfcct illstincts and ull enor- mous cilplicily io lcnril.
Wcll, having tukell those thoughts
ilito consideration and tllkillg it for granted that wo are aware of the great possibilities oi' the child. wo will now transfer him from the llonio to thc . school.
lil sendiilg the cllild to school wo
iirc sending hlill, us it were, out into the world where he will meet with different characters alld environ- luelits, botll of which will have alnst- illg effect upon ills future life..
Tile ciiviroilnleilts of the child stim-
ulate sense perception alid provoke illqulry.. They are always arousing llilll to see, hear, smell, taste alid iii exercising ills senses begets in- creasing desire to their furtller exer- cise and these experiences are his iiieiltal food, as well ae. the means of ills physical development. .
Parents usually pay too little regard
to ilielltnl culture in the first five years of the cllild’s life, little realiz- ing its relation to the after life, tilougli his eagerness to know usu~
l acc iiiulates ll rest fuild
before he enters school. These years powerfully affect his life long habits of investigation. thinking. acting, lan- guage etc. .
This knowledge is already of
things in nature as well ns of things in the household which knowledge furnishes s. flue starting-;ioint for his school work and. suggests the wisdom of contiuuiiig it on the very lines_so well calculated to maintain and en- large his interests and encourage him to study.
Now we commence the systematic
development of tho activities of tho child, whlcll is the true end of form- al education and can be accomplish- ed only hy the directing influence of an individual will: a will which sets up an idcal which the child is to realize and tllen proceeds in a metlio- dical way to help it realize that ideal. Herein is found the specific duty of the teacher... It is also the function of the teacller to encourage lu every possible way the lmitative or realiz- ing activities of the child, but it is ev- en more important that he. with great wisdom, continually stimulate the exercise of the idealiziilg activit- ies. perception, memory, imagination, judgment, thinking, reasoning.
As the emotional and notional life
of the child gives vitality to mental and bodily activities. the teacher's work sllould not only include a com- prehensive study of the child’s phy- sical and mental organism but of tile child lil action as well; of the child at home, at ills plays, at work, alone. with his playmates, in ills moods, in his studies; of the normal and abnormal child, of the cllild's motives. of the child in the different stages of develoginielit and in the processes of transition from one stage to another.
Witll such an acquaintance with
child nature, the teacher is able to enter upoli a study of the underlying. principles of Education and the meth-
ogs by wllich it is to be accomplish- e . > .
Nature study, then, nlay rightly en-
gross a large part of the course of study for the lower grades... The teachers individuality eild ingenuity will enable him or her to utilize the children in gathering the material and the data for talks and studies; or in other words nlelltal life should not be too rapidly crowded upoil the body claims.. Tile child slloiild not be railroaded too quickly out of his world of things into a world of books.
Wllen llowcvcr the body has had a.
fair cliunce to get it good start, lol. us say, between tho ages of ten and six- teen years, li considerable amount of book work should be acl-onlplislied. We at the some time slio\l|d-rever- cllcc tho pause that often ushers ill sdolescellce. This is Nnturo's lui- perative. A lnultituilc of boys and girls are buried alive oil thc threshold of llliolesccllco by tcncliors who do not lillilorstalld the race-clalills oil early youth... Youth should bo rever- ciitly and wisely supervised
lil this ago thc Supremo llolllg luis
given us lilo op;~,ortuiiity as teachers to shape the personality ol' boys and girls by llolllilig their confidence long cilongll lo give them li. view of llfc beyond tho school
POULTRY
TO PICK EGGS TO SHIP.
¥<l'3£4
I have scllt eggs fo llatcllillg to
cvcry state in the South alld io a few Nortllcrll States and have yet to get lily first complaillt of brokell eggs or had hatches. Now, this sounds boast- ful, doesn't lt?~ But I do not feel boastful or collcelted. I write this that other farm women who are ilow lu the business may profit by my ex- pcrienco.
For many years I shipped by ex-
press, but ilow I ship by parcel post, which reduces the cost two-thirds and over. I have always used split bas- kets. Tlley arc made lil various sizes, but I prefer the .small ones that hold only one setting and the larger .size that hold three settings. I get the baskets and other needed material be- fore sliipping season opens to avoid delay when the orders begin to come in and to keep my customers from hav-. ing to let their hells set too long. Maily of them write: "Please semi the eggs as I have a lien setting now."
al y u Z Ol' clllld kllowledge and even child skill`
When I gather up the eggs every
%l§"'_‘-""1
'lm-*use-_l
what is s REAL Fence Birpllvfl
PAGE FENCE
lille.
Why does PAGE FENCE COST
‘, _LEAST to use?
it WEARS BEST.
LIFETIME. any ordinary fence.
FENCE WEAR
ALL FULL No. 9 the locks.
woven and correctly
U,
. Why
lt's'
wire- part. rusif
.luikw rsscll-All
lPAG`E Fence-Fa
. I 90 p. o. o B” was to you in
m my ling-expens I _y
proof-the finest ever used on fence. .
Ace Fence
why :assess gizmos il REAL WM* ¢’V'§X";8'§‘,=38§, "°°' *" 1-Aon Fsmcsis . molly Darla
B°°°“°° lt COSTS LEAST m of Canada havin; been up for
20 years-and some Bllll look good for 20 more. ,
why osn sash :HGH-QUALITV Fence be so e esp
Because PAGE FENCE lS Bvlil
DIRECT, from factory W farm. _ "Sellingexpense ' (W ll l if ll boosts price without adding
value) is cut to the very low-
est notc l. ‘_ .
! the saving in sel-
o BETTER.
the form FENCE.
cts I "ll
'afternoon, I wipe off any soil that may happen to bo on tllem, mark date on each one with a led pencil, select those of uniform color and size for hatching purposes and put them in a. basket kept for that purpose. All thex off-colored, small and rldged eggs are put aside for culinary purposes.
When packing them to ship, I lino
the basket with a thick layer of ex- celsior. Tear s large square of news- paper, lay uncgg on one corner and roll it up in the paper to the opposite corner. This leaves two empty rolled ends of paper . which must be folded hack oil opposite sides of the egg. The folded ends make such a smooth, thick padding that nu amount of jolt- ing can injure the egg. It requires soft newspaper. such as the big daili- es alid tri-weeklles. No thick, stiff pa- per will do.
After the eggs are all wrapped in
paper, I pack them in closely as I con get tllem, put a. thin layer of excelsior on top of them. tuck a. sheet of news- paper all round this and put on a. clean pasteboard top, cut to fit down inside the basket and sewed on thro- ugh the splits with a darnlng needle and cord.
lt requires. time and patielice to
pack them this way, but it pays. It means a well satisfied customer that will know where to order the next time.-D. H. R.- Farm Life.
...__.._______?_
Asour aAN'rAMs.
Bantam fowls are generally looked
upon as mere pets. but as a matter of fact they have many strong economi- cal points and useful qualities. Five Bantams can be kept in the space re- quired for two of the large of three of the small sized breeds. Legliorlis or Hamburgs, for instance. They af- ford good meat, and are good layers as a rule. The Black Africans rival the Leghorn for number of eggs pro- duced, while 15 of their eggs will go as far in cooking as 12 or most breeds, so that for small quarters, what one loses in size, one makes up in number. , Game Bantams are especially good
eating, and if hung until a trifle “gsmy” and cooked as quail should be. are no means substitute for that worthy bird. It is said that some re- staurants make this substitutioil. One having room for. say 20 liens only would do well to occupy it with 50 Bantams. The Black Africans are not settcrs ill many cases, but a couple or
out here. For small back yards Ilan-
tanls produce the largest e ' null are
bl‘€‘0il. but ull of theiil arc cusily tamed. All the vlirlctics cxccpt thc Cochin rcqulro netting over tlicir yard they can fly like quail. -
lt' you want to cut the wings ofl`
your fowl so that it will not disiigurc tllelll leave lllc two loilg flight fcutii- ors uncut and when the wing is folded it will have ilo clloppcd oll` look. The cffcct as to Ilyliiff-.will lic thc same as the old ugly way.
THE POULTRY HOUSE.
'l‘l1e fnrmcr`s wife usually cures for
the poultry, and lt” ullyolic ileclls to _silvo steps il, is the fltrnlirr's wife. ilei' work kcops llcr illovilig it grciitcr por- tion of the tiillc, and oven :l siilail silv- iilg lil steps llieliils it lot io her. it is all easy matter to nrrlillgo tlio feud bills, nests, coops for breaking up brooding hells, water supply, and lllally other nlinor things, so thc greatest amount of work may be accomplished with the least number of steps pos- sible.
lf one has only s. few hells the feed alld water is not a vital question, as' usually one trip call be made to do for both, but if one has over a hundred hens this is impossible, and the wcigllt of the feed and water is no small load for an already tired back. When this carrying can just as well be avoided
year in slid year out. Make e. good tight bin under the scratching shed with door for putting in the feed from the outside, and openings at the bot~ tom on the inside, covered, of course, at will, for taking out tllo grain as desired.
Arrange for a Convenient Water Supply.
The water supply cull bc arranged
by running a pipe froiu the well to tile trough used. if this ls made so tile pipe can be run up through the bot- tom snd both ends of the pipe be about level. a vessel may be attached to the end next the well. and wllen it
`f§"'ifept"full` the water in the trough
will he at thc same level. I ilnd that a twelvequart galvanized or enameled ware disll all is about the best thin
as not it is foolish to keep on ciiryiiig i
I 5,
of this second floor are loose so they can be removed for cleaning. The next one I make I shall raise the jail ten inches higher and slant the drop- pin! Door to-the front, and giving a. little more room above the nests.
A Convenience for Watering.
The feeding and watering problem
ill this jail is easily solved. Fasten a long narrow box along the side for the grain and shell, and e. shelf for the water fountain. ’l‘he door to the jail is hinged at the top, and drops down against a cross slat at the bot- tom. This allows one to simply push the lien in and she cannot open it from the inside and get out. A simple catch holds the door up when I want to let them out. Above all things, don't do as I have done, 'pile rubbish all over the top, for 20 to 25 hens in the coop will need all the air they can get when the hot sultry days come.
These nests are all right except that
the partitions should extend higher. Then hens pick the nest material out and put it in the one they are in, or ,else drop it outside, and they try to pull the eggs over from 'one to the other, often breaking them. I would make the nests lil inches wide, too, ln- stead of 12, and put the partitions 12 inches apart. Put a four or six-inch board across the back of the top nest for the hens to jump up oil to get into
the nests. and two or three of them ack of the bottom nests, so they can jump from the bottom to the tcp.- Michigan Farmer.
POULTRY POINTERS
Words oi Advice
Look olit for head licc oil 'baby
chicks. Tlley sap the very life blood out of a chick. Lord alid kerosene will stop their ravages.
it is riot the best policy to crowd too
lliauy eggs under a hen especially if the weather is a little cllilly. Set less and get more.
Fence oft’ a part of your yard and
ill a few weeks you have all elegant crop of tender green feeds that will make the chicks thrive.
If a baby chick is very sick it hard-
ly ever pays to doctor it and li' it does live the cliaiices are it will licvcr be a strong, robust fowl.
llioro oi' good old “blddies" will help .
tanis are of great viiluc. Cochin Bull- If
H85.
the iiiost docile of any ot' thc little
FOR DOG-BITTEN SHEEP
"'l'\vo _venrs ago," wrltcs ti subscrib-
oi' to all excliaiigc. "l Ilnll eight. purc- llrcll sllccp so badly bittcil and torll iliilt. sovr.-rul of lily neighbors pro- iiolilircil tllvlil wortlllcss. Ono ewe had i.wciiiy~oilo cuts niid telirs. . Ill solnc plliccs il lnuil's hand would not cover the wouild, wlloro the skill was toril nwny iilld gulic. I dressed encll woulld by dusting it liberal supply of boric acid oil it. Tllcrc was no silh- sl-.qlieilt silppiiratioll, ns usually oc- curs ill sucll wonllds. 'i‘llc wounds zlll liczllell liuickly. Their gelicral llcnltli slil`l`i-roll hilt vcry little. Within foul' llloiiilis. recovery wus complete. Later ill tho suilll: your l llild li ruin lulnll at- tacked by il dog. Ono shoulder was badly lacoralteil, and oilo hind leg was so badly bitten in lower part tllut lic could not put his foot to the ground for ten days. I used the boric acid treatment. with splendid results. The lamb gained weight rapidly, and kept ln perfect llenltll. Iloric acid is a good dressing for ally » wound oil man or beast. I cannot rccommelid it too lllgllly for- wounds oil sheep resulting from attacks by dogs."
' l*`l’~+.§
if THE TURF
-ri-lr-: w/lsr/ies or Houses
.Tile ordinary life of a good healthy
horse, rarely exceeds from twenty to twenty-live years, but when he goes to war it is shortened to all average of seven days. Artillery horses last in military service three and four times as loilg for the average of each oni- mal. The war has already, been go- ing oil around two hundred and twenty days. Putting the number of horses enl- ployed at two hundred thousand this would indicate that already upwards of three million horses have been destroyed. lt is also calculated by so eminent an authority as Lord Kit- cllener, that the war will last three
WHEN you want lt from P F paqgf to use. The pipe can be run up through years, or 875 days longer, which, at
gecguse you ww; 5ERv|CE_ the bottom and lock-nuts used to make the large rate of destruction, would
Ami PAGE FENQE |35” a it water-tight, using white lead freely mean the wastage of nearly twelve L1pET1ME_ under them. Bury the pipe a foot or million more horses. In the meantime,
'1‘||e;~e'g 5 PAGE Factory. ‘more ilnder ground and the frost will it is impossible that breeding can pro-
Brand, m Me,-y big fem. not bother it in winter. and the water ceed to the same extent as ln normal “nu-g_.;0 ship 4,-gm 'gi-,ca in the pan -will not freeze as easily, es- times. What a tremendous shortage the “me day your 0.-de, ar. peeially if the pipe is s large one. this indicates can he as well imagined ,-|v¢g_ Second-haild pipe may be purchased as described. With cessation of breed-
you donvt have to wait fm. very cheap. I bought llalf-inch pipe ing included it can safely helrelckflglsd
_ Shipman” from 9 facgory 9, that served s. good purpose for years that the deficit will he near y n as
from PAGE?
get the BEST
at the LOWEST
Why
y0\ll‘ h‘l0l\8Y
WON ll'll6_B not one re-
and one inch pipe for four cents Stakes should he driven down about .two or tllreo lllches apart all around to keep the hens from getting into the pan. Green poles about all inch in dia- meter at the base and drawn together at the top a couple of feet above the pan work well and are easily pro- cured.
A Poultry House Jsll.
I think the greatest labor-saving do-
in my hen house is the jail and
There are some
nests I would change.
is all right. 'Pills
82 inches wide. A iath so it for the side or
0ll6
thougand mm, away_ as water pipes for two cents a foot, much again, that is to say, that there
' ' - _ will h
e a demand in the next few for from twenty to twenty-two
more horses than would be ordinary times. Whether the
sets in, as some people think is likely, or there to be a woeful
done
e has the
t
0ll Oil
|3811
DOW
bred
reasonably fitter
yssrriéhhencs it
reserve e mares season to tlle best sound advice on
rearing of horses is which can be had
to the Publications
or .qi/leuitcls, I
i THE FARM
nililml |;|.|5m5|5m.||Em.|<|.|éH.|.m.|.
Cut a few shoots from the early
flowering shrubs and place them in water in the window garden. They will soon cover themselves with bloom. <
lli spreading thc stable manure. see
iliat the coarsest are upplicd to the fields to bc plliiltcd in thc full season- ed crops and the partially rotted man- urcs to the curly crops.
Cabbage plants being Wintercd over
in cold frames should now be set a few inches apart in another cold frame and grown to transplanting size. Keep the plants no cold sid. }
Héléiéll
THE FRESHENING COW.
Tile accumulated experience ot' pro-
gressive dalrymen proves that ll cow should have a rest between lactation periods. If milkcd _continuously up to the time of freslienlllg. thc period into whlcll she freshens will be less profit- able than tlie preceding. Without rest, it is impossible for her to renew her depleted strength, or to lay up a sup- ply of fat for the new lactation period nor can she properly nourish the now rapidly growing fetus.
it may seem like wasting food to
lay fat on a cow’s body, but in reality it is not, for the fat will later appear = as fat in the milk. Moreover, when al cow fresheils, she ls usually more or | less feverish, and her digestion ilupa- ired to ll. certain extent. To place ller oil full feed at this time is to invite trouble. But lt' she is in good condi- tioli. the wiltholding of her feed will ' result ill no harm, inasmuch as her needs will be taken careof by the fat stored on the body. A thin cow has no such reserve and one has to choose be- tween decreascd productloll or take chances oil her powers to stand up under full fed.
A cow should be given lit least six
weeks’ rest. It' internlittellt and par- tial milking fails to dry her up, with- holding tile grain ration and feeding rougilages such as tlmotliy and straw will bc found helpful. Ten days to two weeks should he allowed il cow to
reach full feed after freslieililig.
CLIPPING THE UDDER
in advising tllrlt the uiidcrs of dzliry
cows slionld lic clipped. Mr. ll. E. ilvornchck (Colorallo Agri(-iilillrlil (Tol- lcge) writes:-"It is not nnconlilloil amongst dairy cows to find lilo lilillor covered with it ill-ilsc growth of long hairs, which, ultlloilgli they iuay lic of sonic protection to lilo uddcr, ncvor- theless, frolll the stliiidpoint of smilin- tioll and colllfort to the cow durliig milking are ri llctrillicilt. Uliill,-r orrllli- ziry i`l-lrm colillitloiis they :irc gclif~i‘:llly` covorcll with filth, :ind cveli in 'thc best-kept dairies. iillless clipped, col-, lect sonic dust nild iiltll. l1`url.lierliloru because oi` their location, it is highly probable that sonic of tllclli will find their way illio thc lliilk pail - dllring lnilkillg. ln order flint such collrlitlons may not occur, these liairs should bc clipped ollcl' or twice cucll your, ihliro- by prcvclitiiig collcctioll of iilill and pcrniittilig greater l-orc in wasllilig thc uddcr. It has been nly c.\'pol'icllcc that ‘kl('ksrs' ilru also ilovclopcil wlicii llrcnkiilg ill ill-Ifors to illilk lu-l-:iiisc of tllcso long linirs. When the niilkcr grasps illc touts during inilkillg, the snrrouildiiig llrilr is illclndcii, with cacli streaili drawn the liliirs arc giv- eil ii good vigorous pull. ls it lilly won- der tllat the lieifurs kicks you, pail slid ull, into tho gutter? If ii large herd is to be clipped, a llunll-power machine should llc provided. The clipping should extend over the flank and tlligll oil the right side, as this will make it easier to keep thc side about the milk pail cleali. lil the production of special or certified milk, this precaution should always be oh-
scrved in addition to the customary! washing of uddcrs. lil ordinary niilk, production it will help to elimillatci much illtll, which means better nlilk, and better nlilk eventually means bet- ter prices. '
PRUNING THE APPLE.
The nionths ot’ lfollriinry and March
are ill best molltlis for heavy pruning alld the following suggestions may hc helpful:
lil removing lurgc brililclics, make
a sillootli cut close to thc stein or brallcli frolll which it is reuioved. Stunips left invite fungi nlld decay.
In reducing the heigllt of thc tree,
or dellornillg the tree, never leave linked stumps, but clit to a leader. This means that the sitio branch still would take tho place of tho centre leader removed, and thc tree would not look as if it had bccll dellorlled.
if systematic pruning is done froili
year to your there should bc little oc- casion for the removal of large branches, as they would tlieli have beeli removed when small.
Heavy Winter pruning generally
encourages the growth of water sprouts or suckers. slid unless these are removed as soon as they appear the amount of pruning to be done i.ho follwlng years will be greatly in- creased.
A good fruit-grower will prune at
ull seasons of the year, for every time
he walks through ,his otchsild and sees a branch or a shoot onto! place lie removes it. By such praotluewlnl ter pruning is largely dispensed with. The necessity mr heavy Wllil.¢l'.DNl- ing arises from the fact that the trees were not properly shaped lnd'D!lU\¢||» before they reached the bearing 08% and lf the pruning and shaping has been carefully attended to up loathe time the trees have reached the sixth year, the subsequent pruning would he very little. It is the neglect of the young growing trees that makes the Winner pruning so heavy in later years.-E. P. Bsndsten, Colorado, Coleman’s Rural World. »
BAND YOUR SHADE TREES.
Tlle Spring canker worm has killed
more Kansas apple trees in one loa- son than the Ban .lose scale has killed in its entire i history in the state. while at the same time the worm has attacked thousands of elm and other allude trees. It has been equally de- structive in various other states.
Here are some simple and practical
methods of preventing these losses. lt is often impossible to spray shade trees. so Professor Dean, of the Kau- sas Agricultural College. recommends this remedy for shade trees and advis- es that it he applied immediately:
Take a strip of cotton batting two
iilclles wide and long enough to go around the tree. Over this cotton place a strip of tarred paper or bulld- ing paper, slightly wider than the cot- ton. Fasten the paper tightly over the cotton with four or five taclcs. The cotton is used to prevent the worms from going under the paper band.
Some sticky substances. such as
printers’ ink, coal tar, pine tar, ol' dendrolerie, should be smeared upon the paper. The best preparation to use is called tree tanglefoot. On badly infested trees it is necessary to somb or replace the sticky substance every few days. The sticky substance illay be applied directly to the bark of the tree, but it will leave a dlliigurlng lliork for many years. The cotton and paper bands may bo removed at any time and will not leave a mark.
REASONS FOR KEEP-
ING LIVESTOCK
The following are a few reasons.
as outlined by it Wisconsin shep- llcril nud stockmnn, for the keeping of good live stock!
ltliisllig superior stock is the best
:ind easiest wily of keeping up the fertility of our soils.
The larger profits ohtaillcd from
thc raising of prolllictlve live stock elllllilcs the farillor to equip his place with liettor illavhillery. which, in ilirli, iigllieils heavy tasks and makes farili life more pleasant.
A stcnllily growing population will
voiilillllc to supply all cxcclleilt mar- llct for nlore und better llvo stock onli llvc stock products.
'i‘horo is _lllorc pleasure in caring
for good than poor liyc 5l0Ck~
Livo stock raislng'tends‘ to ,_ en-
courage boys and girls to remain. on thc farm.
\\-‘ell broil livo stock furnishes the
host possilllo lnllrkct for thc farm- i~i~`s rouglisgo nlld grnln..
lioticr liclp may he secured sud
kept upon a farm iipoil which profit proililliiilg aliilnnls sro rail-lod
All things being cuiilll, the produc-
tion mill vuluc oi` ll livo stock farm stlizlllily increases.
LAWN GRASS SEED.
if you would kilow wllat sort of
grass to use for different conditions. you con do no better than consult a. reliable seedlnan, whose lawn mix- tures he will guarantee as he does his reputation. But the following descriptioll of grass Plants. comlllled by Mr. Luke J. Doogue, will be of help.
Kentucky Blue Grass-Pea pra-
tcliisis. Fine for lawns; EYOWB Blow- ly, but vigorously, almost everwwhero but on all acid soil.
Red Top-Agrostis vulgaris. Shows
results more quickly than Blue Grass: will thrive on a sandy soil; fine in combination wltll Blue Grass.
English Rye Grass- Lolium per-
cllne. Grows quickly and shows al- most immediate results; good to com- bine with tho slow-growing _.Blue Grass.
Various-lcaved Fescue- Festuea
llolllmpilyilll. Good for shady and liloisi. places.
Rhode island Bent-Agrostis cani-
im. Iles a creeping habit; good for putting-greens, sandy soils.
Creepilig BIlcnt- Agrostis stolon-
fcrll. Creeping habit; good for sandy places and to bind banks or sloping places. Coiilblileil with Rhoda Island Bollt l'or putting-greens.
(irestcli Dog’s-tail- Cynosurus cris-
tntus. Forms a low and compact sward:g0oll for slopes nild shadlf places.
Wood Meadow Grass-l’oa nemor-
alis. Good for shady places; is very Ilnrily.
Ited Fescue-Festucs rubra. Thriv-
es on poor soil and gravelly banks.
White Clover- Trlfollum repens.
(lood for slopes; not to be recommend- ed for a lawn.
Sheep Fescue-» Festuca ovins, Good
for light, dry soils.-House and Gor- den.
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