BY ADJ“ 6011.th Research Ofﬁcer Animal Beebaadry A study involving a t'ompar. son of indoor versus pastim

tinted at the Farm here in May 1961.

W“ at the calves place at approximately llvewelght, rather than at a speciﬁc age.

A summary oi the data ob tained is presented in the table below.

The average weaning age oi all calves was approximately to days. Differences in age weaning were due primarily to dittorenem in birth weights. The average ilvewaight gains from one w ee k of age to weaning were slightly over one pound per day. and iron weaning to is weeks at age. 1.3 pounds per day, The weights gains were tavorshle as they equalled or exceeded the standard growth

ONTARIO

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male.

They saw the Oakridge Hol- stain herd where George Dar‘ rach tonneriy of Coleman in this pmhee. is farm manager. with two units. one a commer- cial milk herd kept in loose housing and the other stahlcd inside.

Mr. Darrach told the visitors the term had tar less udder trouble with the herd in loose housing than with the cattle that are stabled. and the ones ted outside have exceeded the production oi those inside. al- though the thermometer had plunged to 84 below zero at tim- es in winter. They have also had far less trouble at calving time. he added.

About 150 splendid Dual Puro pose Shorthorn cattle were seen

at the internationally famousi

Saniord Farm where they saw “four oi the finest hcrd sires in the country and the entire herd

qualified in ROP with sate marg gins." This herd. Mr. Roper cx- l

claimed. has a splendid rcputa- tion tor turning out good foun- dation stock. Thrrr are many cattle in this province carrying Sanford bloodlines

R. H. (Dickl Graham. pro- vincial livestock commissinncr was the guide (or the day when .the Ontario department of ag‘ griculture was host. The itiner- ﬁary included a iorenoon visit rte the Ontario Agricultural Col- lege and the Ontario Vctcrin-

(arv College. and a great deal‘ml "IV" In" Weaninl. Milk‘ H, .. Wm replaccr media: would be even.

which included some inn-resting I'M“? ""10"" ‘0 dlirymeﬂ 521-.

we.- learned from

demonstrations. unit was seen at Allan Cook's 175 now: are looked alter by K.

and no other person is allowcd in the barn. as cvcrv .ittrmpt is made to keep loser down to a minimum

The sows product an svoranc et 10 pigs pcr liiicr and perhaps hatter than two llttrra prr year All pigs born on this iarm are taken at six weeks of age to the teedlot iarrn at Cooluwille where they are fed in market weiltht.

The biggest private brewi- er'a herd oi Hereinrda tn Can- ada was seen at the farm oi Stoufiville.

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A total oi u Ayrshire bull cal- “neatly outpean "a were placed on eight dli. reared indoors, the mm m.

A large-scale hog production milk“- Fergus farm where a battery oi “undenbll’ Cheaper than in-

H. Ferkildecn and his wildlmd Daslure would. however,

curve of Ayrshire male calveai trom birth to tour months age.

GAINS IDENTICAL

from

pasture from to days oi age con- calves

to determine the minimum start‘ er which would be compatible with satiaiactory gains in coon iunction with indoor rearing and‘ varying pasture quality. Sever-

"er “WM 'mmeml ierence being apparent toliow- Mum“ “wk llll weaning. Calves fad whole no ‘ milk to 130 pounds. in conjunc- tlon with pasture rearing. on» I iduced the tastest gains in title “qua diet. itrlal; 1.14 pounds per day dur- Whole milk 14 :ing the preweaning period and Milk replacer 15 1.49 pounds per day from wean- W ing to to weeks. i m is it is somewhat Iuprising te‘ Pasture H u note that three pounds of start- m level er per day produced gains iden- 3 lb. /day tical to tour pound starter daily 4 lb,/day during the poet-weaning period. Interactions Vlt is apparent that the calves' Whole milk. indoors l i compensated for the lower start- i Pasture 6 er inlalte in part by increasing Milk review. roughage consumption. “WI 7 A future trial might be set up pasture U

l. Rearing costs do not include coat of hay or pasttn'e.

Estimated cost of icetbtufis: milk time cents per pound; starter. 4.6 cents per pound

I The lollowing table gives a e i; detailed report on the reaulta at

the experiment which included

, tests oi whole milk against milk Gain; prior to mum we". replacer. indoor against pasture "mu ot calves trom one in nearly identical tor calves on "'"M- "-0 w. "an or age. the use at either whole milk or a commer- whole milk versus milk replacer iilll "I'll "placer. Post-wean- and two levels of starter teed in gains were. however. creat- ing iollowing weaning was mi. er on calves weaned Experimental Whol! mills. Calves reared on

From the results to date. it in times and the level oi internal

: I! 3 a ‘ a " a l i I 1 till {illii ilgi s I it; . . s s r I i

it mimitsgid Eioi Lu 1. 0.” 3.” 0.!) 1.3 '12,. 3th: .1911 10.14: 1.01 1.3 0.95 3.18 0.” 2.64 11.“ Ill 17.71 165 1m 1.” 0.91 3.37 0.93 2.5 13,“ “.1 19.66 18.1 1m 1.” 0.64 2.84 0.66 2.10 11.3 21.1 17.47 11.7

1.17 5.71 2.1.

1,1 3.5 211 ii,- l.“ 0." son 0.77 270 1343 1” 934 18,5 \ 1.“ 1.6, 3.44 1.73 0.38 1.83 12.01 32.1 13.84 14.3 1.02 1.17 1.14 3.45 1.12 3.03 12.6“ 11.5 II.“ 18.0 1.01 1.3 079 2.91 O.“ 2.” 10.77 19.9 16.63 151 .

=3 an

apparent that calves can make. parasites on the herbage kept to more rapid and more eiiicientl a minimum. A commercial milk gains on pasture from (me or replacer has been shown to pro two weaken! age. than calves vide an economical substitute raised inside. Good quality paa- for whole milk where a ready ture should be available at all demand at whole milk tor hum-1 an consumption is available. or]

Weight Starter Starter Rearing oust Rearing coat gains emanated consumed one week one to lbs pa day II pa- day tor l in. gain to weaning 15 weeks

milk replacm. l5 cents per pound:‘

Experimental study comparing I indoor, outdoor rearing of calves .

where whole milk feeding oi cal- ves is not feasible. TRIAL IIPIATED

The entire cali feeding trial will be repeated this year to ob- tain additional data and at- tempt to conﬁrm the present results. Future calf trials rearing and management might. include a study at good and- poor quality pasture as a result at pasture iertility and manage- ment. placing preweaned calves a:

al published reports "'

that satisfactory gains can be‘ achieved by young calves o in pasture with no supplementary‘ grain feeding. ATE MORE STARTER . Calves reared on milk replsc-. er ate considerably more start- er than those on whole milk. particularly during early life. Gains, however, were not an- hanctd by this increased start- ar consumption. Calves on pas- ture also consumed about one- third less starter than indoor- . reared calves.

Of particular significance is ithe fact that conditions on pas- ture produced faster gains 0 is less starter than indoor raising, The lowest level of starter was‘ ieatcu by calves on the whole lmllk-pasture trcatmcnt. coinci- lding with the fastest rate of gain.

The ccormmical aspects oi raising dairy heiicra. in parti- cular. is oi primary concern to‘ farmers. The cost of raising cai- ivcs to weaning age and to is ‘ weeks of age has been calculat- ed. using the following costs ‘ per pound oi the feedatulla teed

whole milk. thrcc cents; milk replacer. l5 cents; and c a li starter. to cents. The relative. costs oi hay and pasture have not bccn considered.

The coat of raising calves o n :milk replecer to weaning. lweight and to 15 weeks was somcwhat less than on whole milk. although rate at gain was lslightly less on milk rcplaccr-

ing whole milk on the iluid Pasture-rearing oi calves was cars. The relative costs of hay

determine the iinal outcome. Labor requirements also are not included but should be com- parahlr for the two systems in most instancrs. if not loss [or

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throuniout the summer. the relative value of skim milk (ceding tor a portion oi the pre- weanln] period. and various combinations at these and tith- ere.

weanrmc PIACTICBU

A second trial involving Ayr- shire heifer and bull calves has been initiated in recent months. The ohiective of this experiment is to test the hypothesis that weaning according to weight is superior to weaning according to age. Several research work- ers feel that a bigger call at birth can be weaned at a young- er age than a small calf and

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position to male efficient gains C. lvareon oi the son march ‘ toilowins weaning“l I institute of the Canada Depart.- The expenmen' trea meats 'm u I ﬂ‘mdﬂfﬂﬂﬂlm at Ottawa. Mud.” to ma w“ .,.deacrihed aboratm-y tests with age. no pounds live'weight malaria acid soils containing u in peanda livewetght. and the much as 1.5m pounds oi insomn- ‘u'ﬂ 9‘ “‘11 0‘ Mﬂmﬂ‘oruaperaerein organic torm. ments on poet-weamnu Pe orm» m“ "land 10 w u mm.

ance. No results are available I from this robot to date. to! Rho-Phone per acre, and ta- ‘ “it ‘ of soil Inte-

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Dial 2-1 234

B.V.D.

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