i

f: I l‘ MncKcnzls

...__..._........... nunllli bwice daily.’ ll you have

iFtOhl now until the latter N" of Mayfllliiny calves 8E9 M"! 9"

dairy farms .

As-the future stlccess 01.1119 111- d-ustry depends on the OM11"- “l! suggestions on how it should b0 rear-pd ‘are of importance to every

dairy man in the Dwviilme-

The ‘proper startinl 11101111.‘! l8 1°

have the calf properly bred- Where dairy stock ii: kept and reared it is necessary that the calves be from a pure sire of any of the recognized dairy breeds and the calf so bred has the advantage over the comlnoli scrub caif..

Every dairy ifau-mer should rear the heifer calves from his best producing cows. as a glance at the

figures, re tho number of live stoc. proves conclusively that the‘ m- dustry is on the most sure basis o‘ any industry known». During the

past few months prices have had a downward trend but as prices of feeds have also depreciated we are

Labia to feed that much easier;

therefore it seems wisdom on tht past of our dairynien to rear all the heifers possible to renew and unaintain our ‘present herds. On an average renewed ovary five years. are often cows,‘ that fail to breed m" go wrong in one or more quarters of the udder; others again ‘lllliy mcet\ some accident that necessi- fates their removal as ml-lkers. Therefore the farmer that looks ilhcad will do well to raise all the ileiiers available as the ‘buying of cows of unknown mel-ltis more or less unsatisfactory and often ox- pensive.

Authorities differ as to the time calves should remain witll the ‘mother. Sonle favor removing them ‘right. away others Kigali] claim that they should suck the dam for two or three days ; personally i would favor- tile former plan as l believe better results will accrue

After the calf is token from the inotiier_ leave ‘it until it becomes good and hungry as it is then much easier to teach it to drink. The Illfiiilcrs milk sllould he useq n; first then after a few days you may change to the milk of the ivliolo herd. ‘file-ll after sihoui tw- woelts gradually change to ovum il't‘14'll skim milk. '

Vtllcn the bait’ l5 yawn; 1; 3mm“; lln ml. we generally item yqung CIliVPS tfmif times per day for the m?‘ W”)! 110d then three times iiirlly is sufficient for the next two weeks, after which we. feed twice ifiily- The quantity depends i-ilrsviv on the size of the calf {bu} "Ways the systematic and feed the ‘time amount each time if not you rill have trouble oven if you d0 no; took for it. A calf of say three “mks shmmi 110i set over s gallon

Extreme Misery Day And Nigh

FOLLOW-S A BREAKDOWN 0F THE NERVOUS SYSTEM,

_i._

Wflflry 11w and nishi is the lot of hosts of men and‘ iwomen who are today the victiilns of weak nor. Vfs- Thillrliflie. drawn faces and dejected attitnide tell a sad tale. for nervous weaknes means being tortured by morbid thoughts and ilnaccountablo fits ef- doprepgigp Tilose sufferers are painfully son- eltiye and easily agitated 11y pom-g tilollce remark. Sleopieiisness robs tllenr of energy and strength; their "yes are sun-ken and their limbs tremble; appetite is pom- “.1 “w. illlOYy often fails. This nervous ex- llailstlon la one of the most seflous ovils affecting men and women of ‘lo-day, The oney way to bring back 80111111 vigorous health is’ to feed the starved nerves, which are clamor- ing for better lblood‘ This new blood can be made through til-g use of Dr. Williams’ Pink iPilils, which have a direct action on the nervous system, The a fair use of this med- icine will -'b satisfactory result; is shown by the experience of M-rs. Marsh. Bass River, N. 6., who says: “Following n run down con- ditlon_ i became practicality s ner- V0118 Wmcii- The doctor who was called in said the trouble was in- flammation of {be nerves It grew so Iliad that practically l had no control of the lower llmibs and had to go about with crutches. Quite aside from my sufferzn: ll had a small fMuiiy 6nd a baby in arms to care for and iii became much dis- couraged, as l d not nppear to be gnowlng better. One evening my ilusbnnd met an Med doctor on the streq and tnlii him of my condit- .lon_ H9 slit nliy husband who was attending-me. and when tod said: ‘l don't-meat to interiors bu; why not try Dr. Williams‘ Pink run, Mv li band got mp a supply of them p is and after taking a few boxes i was cbie to l0 about with the use of oneorltlch. Continu- ing tho use of the pills l wu able, to discard the other crutch on well. and was activUTl ever I had been Thom are may in hills neighbor lliood who know whet. my eonditioi when l boll-n finance of iii max rm, and ‘who lino. ‘when is

medicine did for me. and expel‘!

once may help

the herd needs to be There

"ind upright

plelllw milk on the fa-rm l have 40111141 it 9118s to feed it to the calf until it reaches the age of one year Calves like everything else. begin to look out for themselves early in ifs and as soon as you see-the calf nihbiingat the bedding it is time

o basin to snnniy food other than nllk. One, of the first things to do 11 1° ‘Dime a nice bunch of clover lay where the calf is sure to fi-lul t: eating this develops its diges- i" apparatus and tends to make "deal cows.

A small hanilful oi ground oats vith the hulls removed may be put n the milk but as soon as they will 511° dry K111i“ out up a box and wince in» it a ration of say equal Darts of ground grain and bran. to which a small amount of oiloir-ke nsal has been added.

Tens Oi‘ stalls should be kept dry ‘lid clean and it is much ioetter to "We y°11r pens- away from the vow stable as there is less fretting if tihe cows and calves for each itlier. Calf music does not tend to IfcfOBi-ied flpw,

The turning out of the calves dur

‘hat authorities have differed upon, while it appears that they would he better outside where they can get lots of sunshine and pure nir i ‘lave often noticed that when turn ‘d "111 lite-y appear to go back and if latc years when we raise spring calves we keep the'm in the barn 1-1111! the cool of autumn.

W9 dairy-men should try to raise ‘n "any calves as possible and the ‘lest ones we have ever raised ilur. 111B this year thus assuring a good iililply of ‘better cows to help feed >1" nnoliie in the future,

N MEMDRIAM

MRS ALLAN MATHESON

‘ The death of Mrs. Allan Mathe- 4111- which occurred on Jan. 19th 1t her home in Belle River, after a .1il0l‘i. illness cast a sad gloom over ho whole neighbourhood, where with that kind and gentle harm-e Christian. principles which characterized her every day

lfie. she had won the love and rss- in Canada and

nect of all who had the pleasure oi’ kindness silowlllg during llci- ill- ‘41101111111: her. Tho many acts oi‘

to the bereaved family after

won in their hearts. as was truly said of ‘her: “She has left a host of friends, but not one ens-my.” Yes. she was a true friend. kind and charitable. a firm believer in God's holy word. She passed out of the scenes of this life with that sweet composure characteristic of her faith in hcr Saviour. trusting in the divine precept "be thou faltli- ful unto (loath and I will give thee a crown of life." The late Mrs. Matheson. whose maiden name was Mary Murchison was born in Point Prim. sixty-five years ago, daughter of the late Capt. Donald N. and Mrs. Murchison. besides a sorrow- lug husband. who has the sincere sympathy of his many friends in his irreparable loss, she leaves to mourn the loss of a dear mother, Mrs. Charles D. McLeod, Mt. Buchanan; Mrs. Wm. N. Ross. Garfield; Mrs. Wm. A. McQueen, Mt. Vernon; Mrs. James McDon- ald. Summervillo, hisss.; Donald J. Maine; Craig in Boston and Alex in Belle River, besides-the follow- ing brothers and sisters: Capt. Nell and Donald, sailing on the Pacific Coast. James D. on the old homo, Point Prim; Sam, Quincy; Mrs. J. McPherson. Quincy; Mrs. Hugh A. Glllls. Eldon; Chrlsty ill

Point Prim. and Mrs. Cilarlos Smith. lVluinc. The funeral was largely attended. many friends

Prim and vlcluity to pay a last tri- buts of rcsilocf. to one whom tlloy so highly esteemed. The services at the homo and grave being con- ducted by tho Rev. J. \V. McKen- zie, Belfast», and all that was mor- tal of iihls kind friend and neigh- bour was laid to rest in the Ceme- tery at Wood islands to await the resurrection morn. —-——~»1.>——--—— MR. JOHN CHRISTOPHER

0n March 11th tillers passed peacefully away after a. short ill- ness. although the result of an ac- cident. Mr. John Christopher, of DeBlols, P. E. l.,-at the ege of 8i years. The deceased had been confined to his room for seven years, bearing his misfortune stoic- irlly. patiently and with Christian fortitude. Ho leaves to mourn his death his wife. an adopted son, Timothy Ryan .of DeBlois: one brother. dward of "Harper Road. and one sister, Bridget, at home. John Christopher was born in County Waterford. Ireland, on the 15th of Merdh.-1840. Ho came to this country with his parents in the year 1848. landing st Port Hill. Shortly after his parents settled In this section of the province, where John always remained. be- coming one of the influential and prosperous farmers where he lived. in 1870 he inlrried Anne O'Rourke, of Kildnre. who survives ‘him. always‘ took an active interest in

l progreuive movements; was s charitable, Coddosring man and a

11g the first summer ls a subject‘

He.

Why n. Cailailiu National Railways J10 Not Ply

There must be, of necessity. a certain bewilderment in theunind

to! the average citizen of Canada

when lie reeds of what he regards as colossal deficits on our National Railways, and of the earning of a. surplus above dividends iby its pri- vateily-ownsd competitor.

And yet, as all great things once were snls/il. so all seemingly great problems “ simple when stripped to proper classification and proportion.

The Canadian railways problem is that although freight rates and passenger fares have been increas- ed, there is a deficit on the public- ly-controlled lines in Canada, greater this year than last.

What are the factors making up such s condition?

The costs of operation are‘ no greater, relatively. on Canadian National Railways than on any other great rail-way in the United States or Canada. The problem of costs is no more the peculiar problem of Canadian National Railways than it is the peculiar problem of the Canadian Pacific, of the New York Central. or of the Pennsylvania. Lines, which have been making such strenuous ef- forts lately to effects reduction in certain departments. The in- creased costs factor is one that applies with equal force on any

road from the Mexican boundary

to the most northerly lines in Can- ada. it ls not, then. the "Cana- dlsn Nations" problem.

The rates and fares allowed for the handling of tonnage on Cana- dian Railways are not too high. be- cause it will be observed that the Canadian Pacifio-nlentlollcd be- cause it has had time to mature in efficiency-reports less than half a million of dollars clear after pay- ing its charges for 1920 on the operations of its railways and lake steamers. The great railways in the United States are not earning enough money to get along com- fortaibly. The rates are the same United States, speaking generally, (although in

some respects Canadian railways‘ oess and expregglgug o; sympathy rates are lowest in the world), but her there is less advantage from them d

8am’ tastmed i’! m“ P1“? “he iimiiin Canada than- in United States because Canadian railways have to pay more Iflor big items. such as

coal. than American railways do.

raised.

tiem.

increased earnings to meet

0798808 .

tionwl.

ntion of deficits the desired object, the rate increase would have been still greater for. in’ iiiist case, it would. necessarily, have been paged upon the tonnage available to C. NJt. on the one hand. and the ex- penses of the C.NR. on the other. penses of the C.N.R. on the other.

This brings us face to face with the core of the Canadian railway Problem-AVAILABLE TONNAGE.

Compare tile position with that of a department store when the trade had to bs_ built up. proprietor would have to appoint

meat managers and s certain num- ber of salespeople. He would 0o. 611D! 11- lifefentions building, which he would see was adequately stock- ed. There would NOT BE A

COUNTERS no customers. his sintenance costs would go on Just tlieJisme. - .

The difference between this pic-

lt is conceded that the Canadian Pacific Railways is well-managed and efficient. and yet nil-i its effi- ciency would not have preserved it sufficient not earnings .from its railway operations to pay its divi- dend lf the Board of Railway Com- missioners for Canada had refused to permit the rates and fares to be The tonnage-freight and ‘psssengerwvailable for the C.P. d}. WOULD NOT HAVE SUF- l-‘i-CED to enable lfl‘ TO PAY lTF WAY. Here then, surely. is the key to the Canadian railway prolr The increases in rates and fares saved the Canadian Pacific from operatingioss because they produced from the available ton- nage and passengers the sufficient the higher wage and other operating ex pensc increases. Hence in ‘the fixing of this ratu andfaru increase, the Hence, in the; fixing of this ratc and fare increase. the ne- coming from her old homo in Point yuaciiii-‘m-iiis "t U"? 05111114“!!! Pllciflt‘ Railway were considered as basic. and not those of the Canadian Na- Heil tilo latter been the "considered" road. and the elimin-

The‘

his general office force. his depart.

CONTINUOUIBJUOCEBSION or QOODS PQBING ACROSS His Bat

turo- and that. of the situation oi libs Oinedisitmtlonai is largely

ma: customs-mow»: GUARDIAN

ilas. Escaped lint Terrible Rachelle

WHV THOMAS KEEPER PRAISES DODDB KIDNEY PILLS

British Clilumbia Man who Suffers ed for Ylarl Fdels Twenty Venrl Younger and Gives the 0100i: to Dodd's KidnQy Pllil.

‘SurgeNarrows, B. C__ Apr. 1st (Speciaii- Mr. xhomes Keefer, s.‘ well known resident here. is al- ways riiady to recommend Dodd's Kidney Pills to those who sufferi from pains in the back or kidney trouble.

"For the past seven or- elgll years l had Ibsen troubled with n. very bud backf‘ Mr_ Keefer states“ ‘For the last uwo years ti. was 00w fiined to bed for four five Weeks. ‘tin the fall of 1919 readinB in Dodd's Almanac led me to try Dodd's Pills, 1 brought six boxes. and 'l sin proud t0_ sax‘! 1 have 99' coped that terrible bilckache, l snr feeling twienty yen-rs yOUDSBP til" spring “m; ,1. give all the credit to Dodd's Kidney Pills." uxuirn Kidney Pills are purely a kidney remedy. Their reputation has been made by til-e 8°94 ‘he?’ have done. 'A11k YW" “eighbms about‘ Dodd's Kidney P1118.

the enhanced prosperity 0i U19 D9" minlon as a whole. T1118 1B "119 .of the purpose of those who; in good f-lliiiil projected the Canadian Northern. the National Transcon- tinental from Moncton to Winni- pag, and the Grand Trunk Pacific. The Canadian Pacific was cum- pilete as a transcontinental system in 1880, and has. therefore. been ill business for 35 years. Sci-ile- mcnt began, and expanded alonK its right of way. Towns were commenced. and marketing was organized to function by its lines. All of this meant Df0dll‘0ti0ll--i.Oll- usage-and it is that advantage in start that furnishes the density of traffic, both in freight and passen- ger business. tho privately-owned lilies igcts along with today.

The C.,N.R. lines were. of neces- sity. built lu the unsettled. un- opened arcas to the north of tile first transcontinental. Even i110 idea that the north and wost might. he fertile was on. scoilfed at. The road had to built in tllt- ilucc of tile runkest sort of pesslmisln

Dmnoiniol lliiie Association

Appreciating the importance of strengtening Canada's position in rifle shooting like Dominion Rifle Association line extended recogni- tion to like 8,000 members who comprise the 190 cllrbs which are

, units of Dominion. Mnirksluen. and

from now. on graduates of Domin- ion Marksman -wlii ibe immediately eligible to free membership for u period of one year in the Dominion Rifle Association and will be issued certificates recogniisng their pro- ficiency as rlflemen.

This information was received at the Headquarters of Dominion Marksman in Montreal in a tele- gram from Colonel R. J. Bll-dwhlstie at Ottawa, secretary of the Domin- ion Rlfie Association, which reads as follows: "Executive Committee apphoves Gold Medal scheme and will issue certificates as desired, in ladditioni will give one year's membership in Association- to win-

neirs." _ , I 14am"

Moncton, N.B.. to Prince Rupert B.C., with a branch to Fort Wil- llslm and other branches to other centres ill the prairie provinces. The C.N.R. lines were connected.

east and west,‘ and the main line extended from Edmonton through the Yellowhead Pass to Pacific tldewater at Vancouver.

Canada then entered the period. Tllc tidc of immigration stopped. The productive power of the nation was changed to suit the altered conditions. Some half million of 'our men went overseas and the majority of those remain- ing were busy with work calcula- ited to advance the war effort. The era. of expansion was closed and so also was the work of developing tonnage so necessary to the suc- cess of the plan nllder which the ‘bulk of the new mileage was pro- (ccted and built.

We .as Cnnadlwlls. are in tho po- sition ofdlavlng under our control u. transportation manufacturing ~—tllc product being ton miles and passenger miles, which mewn tfilie ‘movement oi’ a toll of freight one mile and of a. passenger one mile. But our plant cannot get enough raw material-tonnage and passen- gers or a. long enough movement

WM‘

Jll illc one hand and visionary op- {llllii-llil on the otllcr. But. R01’- '3l‘li.lll('.lliil, lmill provincial and fod- sral, knew timt the illiiuago being laid down was to function chiefly w MAKE POSSIBLE Tlibi“ WRO- DUCTION OF NATURAL PRO- DUCTS by opening great areas to the labor of man and they hacked tho railways ill some cases to the full extent of their financial re- sources.

Older Canadians will remember that tho. ideal was realized in great part. Towns sprang up as by mo.- gic uii over the territory scrvcd. and lastly of these new communi- ties became cities. Settlers D0111‘- ed ill. Products of tho farms nollcii over the rails to the head of the lakes whore the C.N.l‘t. soon and tile largest consolidated grain oliwaiol- plant in the world. sceptics were proved to have been wrong. The soil of the areas thus opened up WAS fertile-fertile be- yond the dreams of optimists even.

ohewan Valley lands the C.N.R. lpened up, became the centre of what was known as “the Bread Basket of tho ltlnrpirc.”

This success. us a. matter of fact encouraged tho promotion of Grand 'i‘.runk

ment. tonnage COULD BE DEVELOPED

continental systems. The N.'i‘.lt.- G.T.P. lino was constructed from

[lye-Glasses From i $2.00 o $10.00

From East Point to Capo Bear is s big territory. yet right across this space

Parkman Supplies the Big Majority oi Eye-Glasses asiwib bEYMIEg-‘él-Kggié are the P g - ~AB andbeisfhe cNLY GRA ATE OPT] IAN (attendance courses.)

The ,

rt was so fertile that the Saskat-icilllfldiflil railways as a whole; the

the Pacific-National Trsilsoontincntai Railway develop- lt was fclt that sufficient

‘in Canada to support three trails-

‘.of tllmm—to maintain its produc- tion at tho economical point. Tile mumbcr of freight and passenger itralns is not largo enough to spread properly tile maintenance charges while the stationary and movable equipment is capable of handling a greater output with the ‘addition of a. slightly greater cost. One extra revenue train on the Frictional" lilies each way pcr day, would ‘wipe out the deficit at the rates existing. ‘The deficit. due to o. SHORTAGE OF TONNAGE VAILABLE can be removed by ‘the necessary increase ill tonnage, and by that only. _ '1‘he question of management cn- ters into the Canadian railway ‘problem only as to the degree of pfficlency in which the available tonnage is moved over the lines. Could the deficit be any less? it ls proposed to set ollt in this ‘series, the comparison between the costs of maintenance of a mile of line on the C.N.R. and on the