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_ THE GUARDIAN,

CHARLOTTETOWN

I AUGUST 18, 1949

TH E GUARDIAN

uornlnfnauy (Founded in 1on1) Authorised n Second Clan Mail, Pan Office j Department, Ottawa. The lelnrirl G ablng Co. Editor and Managing Director, J. It. Ilnrnett. Aaaaclnfa Editor, Frank Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink”

DHARLOTTETOWN/PIIURSDAY. AUGUST l8. 1949

Petty Regulations

‘The new regulations for pensioners of the First World War resident in veterans’ homes comes in for strong criticism from the Winnipeg Free Press, which complains that they have a oettiness unusual in the Government's handling of the veteran problem. For example, o l0 pcr cent. disability case now receives $9.40 o month pension. From that meagre sum, he must con- tribute 94 cents towards a $250 trust fund which will be his. How does the Government ever ex- pect a pension of this size to create a $250 trust at the rate of 94 cents a month?

But this is not all. The 100 par cent. pen- sioner is now going to have to pay $71.60 for his upkeep and $9.40 towards his trust fund out of an income of $94, leaving him $5 for his per- sonal comforts every month and $8 for clothing. Iut once he has amassed the $250 trust fund the $9.40 is added to the cost of his upkeep.

Previously the l00 per cent. pensioner paid $30 a month towards his upkeep, $5 for per- sonal comforts, $8 for clothing while the rest went into a trust fund which was without limit. He could build it as high as he liked.

"There are other features of the new regu- |ations," says the Free Press, "which also have this ungenerous quality. The old pensioner is not the best object of governmental economies. Nor does the fact that only 5 per cent. of those receiving residential care are involved matter one way or the other. lf the regulations are wrong, they are wrong whether one pensioner is thc victim or two hundred. Canada has such a fine record in the treatment of its ex-servicemen that these latest regulations seem out of char- acter. Perhaps they can be reconsidered."

Trading Teachers

More than Z00 teachers from four nations will exchange classrooms during the l949-l950 school year under an exchange program linking the United States, Great Britain, France and Canada.

The exchange plan, now in its fourth year of operation, will send ll6 American teachers abroad. At the some time, 108 French, British and Canadian teoche-s will conduct classes in American cities. ..

The United States Office of Education, the U. S. State Department and a group of Ameri- can teachers’ organizations are sponsoring the exchanges to help educators obtain an on-the- scene view of teaching techniques in other na- tions.

Important Conferences

-,Two conferences of cardinal importance are to be held at Lake Success in August and Sep- tember. The United Notions is to hold a scien- tific conference on conservation and utilisation of resources; and the International Union for the Protection of Nature and Unesco are to hold an International Technical Conference on the Protection of Nature.

The immediate aim of the United Notions conference is to consider haw to mobilise on a world scale the available resource techniques and "knowhow." Hundreds of the world's most emi- nent scientists will meet in this, the first con- ference of its kind ever to be held. It is a re- cognition that science and technology can and must be mobilised to solve these tough and ur- gent problems. I

The conference will have no policy-making responsibilities, for the experts will represent not governments, but sciences. Problems will be tackled by mixed teams of experts. The confer- ence will also link up with President Truman's 4th Point declaration in which he called for "a bold new programme for making the benefits of our scientific advancement and industrial pro- gress available for improvement and growth of under-developed areas."

Unesco's interest arises from recognition of the fact that among the principal causes of

war are a lack of natural resources and the wasteful use of existing ones; and from the further fact that the teaching of the proper

techniques for utilisation and conservation is

the joint task of fundamental education- and

the popularisation of science. -

There is no doubt that science can find the answers. ln o book published in Britain just before the last war, it was shown how scienca multiplies old resources by improving their utili- sation; discovers new resources of known kinds; discovers new kinds of resources; and shows how one kind of resource may be used as an alter- native to another. Accompanying this is the search for substitute materials, by which one resource replaces another.

As a result of this work, resources can be spread more or less evenly throughout the world. A well-known ixample is the manner in which the German scientist, Haber, was able to find a substitute for local deposits of nitrate by syn- thetic compounds mode from nitrogen which is freely available in the air. Over each square mile, there are 20,000,000 tons of nitrogen in the atmosphere.

Similarly, in Guatemala, scientists are study- ing a plant called "beggarwaed" which, it has been found, has no less than l-S of its weight in the fann of protein. Experiments have al- ready slrawn that, ground and mixed with othgr feed for poultry, it produces largpr and more telly dove pod chickens.

‘h In gain, the Colonial lesealrch ‘Couincll . no‘ ‘on an extensive campa gn o scan- ” i This alcledes finding an alterna-

l ltin, findin what to do with

u. I Indies, fer-

lqgsnu lg see if

it can be used in brood-making, and so on.

Finally, it is to be expected, this conference will also concern itself with the’ human resources of social organization, knowledge and intelli- gence, which may prove much more difficult to. co-ordinate than those of nature.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Old Home Week.

I U O ‘L’ The Provincial Exhibition. Steam boats invbnted fhis date i007.

Col, Dan's good. wehthbr luck has seeming- ly been inherited by the present Exhibition di- rectors.

O I U Some City stores have been opening two hours in the evening for the convenience of out- of-town visitors. i I Premier Campbell of Manitoba has been in Ottawa interviewing the Prime Minister, it is reported, on calling a new Dominion-Provincial Conference.

I U I

Preliminary international hearings are being held today and tomorrow at St. Andrews, N. B., to determine the cost of properly examining the feasibility of the Passumaquoddy tidal power project.

I I I

The Council of Europe's Assembly 'showed good sense in deciding against any interference in the North and South Ireland differences. That thorny question can only be decided by the Irish themselves.

We emphatically agree with the Ottawa Citizen that the official and semi-official pan- ers of cabinet ministers should by law be Crown property rather than personal property of the minister as they are now regarded. Proper safe- guards can be provided against misuse of per-

sonal papers voluntarily deposited in the na- tional archives. I I I The use of DDT and other new insecticides

has caused concern for bees, livestock and hu- mans but, according to a study by the Dominion Entomological Laboratory at Saskatoon, they have the advantage of requiring a much lower concentration than the older arsenical poisons and are correspondin-gly less dangerous. fr I *

The old and the new were brought together in New Mexico when two patients were treated respectively, one with penicillin and aureomy- cine and the other with streptomycin and sufaia- zine for bubonic plague, the Black Death of the Middle Ages. Bath treatments brought dra- matic improvement.

fl I Officials of Marine industries, Montreal, an- nounce that tho keel of Canada's largest and most modern icebreaker will be laid shortly at their shipyard in Sorel. The icebreaker will be used as a Royal Canadian Navy vessel and will take two years to build. Co'st of the vessel has not yet been revealed but it will provide two years work for the shipyard in Sorel, and em- ploy about 400 men duringithe building period. I‘ W

Henry Hudson, famous British explorer, cost adrift this date l6ll. ln i607 he attempted to discover a north-east passage to the Pacific; in i609 he explored the Hudson River; afterwards sailed to the Arctic Ocean, hoping to find a north-west passage, discovering the Hudson Strait and Bay. On his last voyage his crew mutinied on this date l6ll and Hudson, his young son, and others were cast adrift, and never heard of again.

l U I

Jean Francois Pouliot, the little man from Temiscauata who once refused to sacrifice his temperament for a Cabinet post, and who drop- ped the lndependent from his independent Lib- erol label just in time for the election, should, says on Ottawa correspondent, be good for an- other all-out assault on the "brass hats" at dc- fence headquarters and on the "bureaucrats" in other top Ottawa posts, when Parliament re- sumes.

O U I »

Says Montreal Gazette: "Maritime M.P.'s of all political faiths will again have a few hours set aside during which they can complain, half- heartcd-ly and to comparatively empty galleries, about the deterioration of economic conditions in the Maritimes. They will continue to squabble among themselves over how, where and when the Dominion should provide assistance. Health Miri- ister Paul Martin, pleasant and ambitious as ever, will continue to assure the Hausa of Commons publicly and his Cabinet colleagues in private that social security measures are a wonderful thing and a cure for almost anything that ails you."

U U i

A new arrangement establishing through rates for freight traffic moving. from Canadian and United States points of origin, via Mon- treal or Halifax, to St. John's and Corner Brook, Nfld., is announced by John Pullen, general freight traffic manager, Canadian National Rail- ways. The new tariff will become effective Aug. 20. The steamship lines party to the new ar- rangsment with the Canadian National Railways are the Clarke Company from Montreal to Cor- ner Brook and St. John's; Blue Pater and Now- foundland Canada companies from Montreal and Halifax to St. John's, and tho Furnass, Withy Lina from Halifax to. St; John's.

The response to the Mayor's invitation to decorate the city for Old Home Week has been general and generous. It would have been still greater had flags and bunting been available in the stores; unfortunately. the proclamation came a little too late to allow the stores to replenish their stacks. Ono of the outstanding displays as already mentioned was at the corner of Kent and Great George St. where Sterne’ Ltd. and the Navy collaborated to encircle the four corners with a lavirh showing of multicoloured

film

?oefi6mn

Who hath seen the beaver busted? Who hath watched the block- fall mating?

who hath lain alone to hear the wild goose cry?

Who hath worked the chosen water where the ouananlche ls walt-

fng. Or the sea-trout: jumping crazy for the fly?

Who hath smelt wood smoke at twilight? Who hath heard the blrchlog burning?

Who 1s quick to read the noises of the night?

Let hlm follow with the others, {or the Young Men's feet. are turning

To the camps of proved desire and known delight.

Do you know the blackened lim- ber-do you know that. rac- ing stream

With the raw, right-angled lag- jnm at. the end;

And the bar of sun-warmed shingle where a man may bask and dream

To the click of shod canoe-poles round the bend?

It. In there that we are going with our rods and reels and traces. To a silent. nrnoky Indian that. we

know-—

To a couch of now-pulled hemlock. with the starlight an our faces,

For the Red Gods call us out and we mllsl go.

—Rudyard Kipling.

‘Q-IO-Q/TO-ROOOFEOOUH A Old Charlottetown (And r. r. u

-_-_-

TRADE WITH NEWFOUNDLAND

"In the year 1817 Colonel Stew- art, R.A., visited Newfoundland on his way to Prince Edward Island, and was so impressed with the necessity of constructing a road from the head of the Buy of Pla- contia to St. John's (n dlstuncc of less than 45 miles) that he sub- mltted a plan for effecting that object. to the lute Earl of Wast- morelnnd, by whom it wns lnlrl before His Majesty's government. but I believe it. was lost amongst matters of more importance at that time.

"It ls well known that the town of St. John's (the capital of Newfoundland) contains nearly the whole population of lhe colony. and that they depend greatly on Prince Edward Island for sup- plies of fresh provisions, poultry. and vegetables. as the people of St, John's, who are solely em- ployed in the fisheries, are not. agricullurisls, and do not devote mhemselves to forming occupations.

“The people of Prince Edward Island (which is purely an agri- cultural colony) shlp large quan- tities of live cattle and sheep to St. John's, and the voyage with a favorable wlnd is performed gen- erally in a few days, but the fre- quent occurrence of contrary winds makes the voyage some- times about as many, weeks, from the great difficulty of rounding ‘Cape Race. <

"Colonel Stewart, with a view to obviating this difficulty, sug- gested that a mood should be out from the Bay of Placentln lo the Buy of Bulls, from which latter place a road to St. John's already existed. The whole distance is about 42 miles, and the distance by water, which would thereby be saved, exceeded 1G2 miles of a dangerous coast.

"At Placentln it would be proc- tlcabie to land the cattle brought from Prince Edward Island, and there graze them until from time to time the market at St. John's required fresh supplies, and than they could traverse the proposed road in a much better condition than they are found on arriving by sea nfler a long voyage, pent up ln the holds of small vessels. By this menus the important point in commerce of every kind could he gained, by enabling the grnzler to regulate the supply by the de- mand at market.

"It ls regretted that two such important appendages to the Crown ns Newfoundland and Prince Edward lslnnd remain com- paratively unknown ln this coun- try. Prince Edward Inland, by Lord Gleneli in one of his official despotches described as being ‘gifted with a soil of unusual for- tlllty, and pnspeaslng every ad- vantage af climate and geographi- onl position’, opens a finer field for emigration than any other por- tion of Her Majestic trans-Atlan- tlc possessions: and while Canada has been aided in various ways calculated to encourage emlgrn- tion to her shores, Prince Edward Inland hon been left to her own advancement, unassisted by any other attractions than her nu- perlor climate and wonderfully fertile noll-yet. the Island is at thin moment, better settled. in pro- portion to her territory. than any other part of British America.

"By the establishment of a bank of issue and deposit, and the facili- ties common], afforded by such establlshmente, agriculture would flourish to nn extent in the Inland which would. enable her to be- come the sole supplier of fresh nrovlslonn to Newfoundland, and thus confine to Her Majesty's aub- jecta the advantages of n trade which ls now. in a great degree. derived by the Americans from Boston and the neighboring parts of the Union.

"Conflicting the influence your paper enidys nmonge‘ the tradlnfl community of your enterprising town, l ask permission, through your columns. to offer this sub- ject to the notice of the merchant! of Liverpool."

-—l-‘rom n letter appearing In the Liverpool (England) Mall, JuneJO. 1844, signed "Mercator."

ASHBY de in ZOUOH. lielcell-

r-rshlre, England - (OP) - A hen ma a chocolate-colored m here.

“The Proof 0f Tire Pudding"

llinizirwllllss

etlllilll

' re i . MIQILV O 995115“ or rag wuoLI nun

, Penalty For "Chesl-Pokers"

(Hamilton Spectator)

A man was fined one hundred dollars in Hartford, Connecticut, fnr pnkinl: nnothcr follow in the (‘host with nn omphntlcJorcfinccr l0 IZIYc wcirzht lo his point. The Toledo Bludc has derived much satisfaction from thr- lncldcnt. Such n pcnnlly was overdue. It will be generally approved us poetic jug- flee, The chest-poker is usually nn flllzrc-sslvo sort nf person, brim- ming with self-assurance nnd su- premely confidant in the infalli- blllly of his opinions. \Vhntcvor the problem he knows the nus- wer, br- it the British economic crisis, the hope of over dcmocrn- fizing Japan, or wholhcr tho nfnm bomb should be employed to wipe out tho lamprey vols in Georgian Bay. l-le puncfuntos his voluble tnlk with such interpolations as "and get this", or "lake it from mo." And than to mnkc surc that you do "not ll", he jabs you n fcw lnchns below (ha Adam's npplc. The fart that he may bruise your respiratory organs, wrcrk any perfoctos you happen in b0 curry- lng, or mulm tho facrl of your fnuntaln pan, moans nothing to him. He ls out in rlabnte, solve and sclllo the world's woos, infor- rrntlorinl, uullnnul and local, And that forefinger of his is the bull- dozer that cuts flirmlizh ull lhlr jungle of controversy, it ls both his approach rind r-nnrlusinn.

Chasl-pnkcrs, hark-slappers and thnsr- who jnh lhnir victims with n thumb liclaw the halt are n mcnnro In llta mnln population. Kn-ko, of "The Mikurln,“ would know haw in (laul with them. He'd put thrrm an that. ominous list of his. Thur would slow them up fast.

The Franklin Mystery (Hamilton Spectator)

The fate of Sir John Franklin, one of the great company of Roy- al Navy captains who charted thousands of miles of unknown shores in century, is still the greatest mys- tery of the Canadian Arctic, evon in these days when polar regions have become a new horizon of strategy. A man of the Arctic. Sub-Inspector Henry A. Larsen of the Royal Canadian Mounted Po- lice, is going to have another look for the rc-malnxs of the Franklin expedition which disappeared more than 100 years ago. Larson himself has sailed twice through the Northwest Passage. in the dis- covery of which Franklin and more than 100 mcn lost their lives in 1847.

The irony of Franklin's career is that his disappearance brought the greatest chapter of exploration the Canadian Arctic has ever known. Expedition after expedi- tion wont looking for Sir John, and ouch one added to knowledge of tho Arctic. Franklin's carccr touched both Canada and Aus- tralia. He was with Matthew Flin- ders, his cousin, on the first sur- vey of the Australian coasts. Hc travelled. 5,500 miles overland through the Arctic in lll20-2l. Then he wont tn Tasmania in 1830, as governor for seven years, and some of his personal belong- ings are still seen ln the gover- nor's mansion at Hobart. He was chosen by the Admiralty in i845 to head an expedition to find the Northwest Passage. His two ships. "Ercbus" and "Terror" were last neon in July, 1845, at the entrance of Lapcaster Sound. They had provisions for .lh:ee.yeorn,

Records found in the Arctic in- dicate that Franklin died on June l1. i847, but where his body lies is a mystery. The ships ' were caught in ice on the northwest coast of King William Island. where the ice pack drives down from the northwest through Mc- Cilnfock Channel. Ono ship in believed to have been aunt. the other beached. Under Capt tin I‘. R. M. Crozler, Franklin's "second incommand, a party of l0 offic- ers and men set off to re h the continental share at Back River. There the record ends.

In the Arctic today, the uvored theory is that Crozler and the re- maining group of Frank n‘: ex- pedition were lost thro gh the break-up of sea ice. Th expedi- tion had, in fact. disco cred tho Northwest Passage endured pass-

ed through it. Nnviget on west- ward from King Willis Island is relatively common nowJ Dr. John Rae of the Hudson's Bay Cam- pany brought baclcrellcs of thr- Franklln expedition rom King William Island in 1 and won the reward of £10, offered bv the Admiralty‘ fa: rzul. entlc news.

In rnse Captain ‘opold Mc-

the early nineteenth-

A Sad Story

(Lelhbridge Herald.) Canada's sheep population ha; been a war casualty. Before the war Canada had some 3,500,000 ShPEP- T04R51 lhe population is down to about 2,500,000. We haven't as many sheep in the whole of Canada as are to be found in the State of Montana. We have a million loss sheep to- day than we had at the time of Confederation 82 years ago. It‘s a sad story.