in South Africa

‘and as the bulk of these sales were

. is good. but

Ostrich Farming 0n The ilpswing "

URG, Jan. 14 -

(cp) - The ungainly ostrich. once the key to a 9.000.000 industry in South Africa. and at a later “no considered better value dead mm alive, is coming into its own gigsln with increased world inter- est in the ostrich feather market. The last. ostrich feather sale of the 1948 crop season realized $132,000. 'In addition many sales were made by farmers to speculators,

probably intended for export. a

revival in the industry is in- dicated. , An interesting commentary on

the flckleness of fashion is provid- ed in the story oi fortunes made. fost and partially recovered in the industry. Ostrith feathers were first exported from the Union in 1810. and 40 years later there was an unprecedented demand for feathers when more than 88,000,000 worth were exported.

The industry continued to ex- pand and iii 1913 the maximum QKPOTI, figure reached was s12.- 000000. 'It.e First World War end- pd a period oi prosperity in the industry. Changes of fashion and lhc uiisullabillty oi feathers for motoring brought about one of lhc greatest slumps known to a South African industry.

Butlin Extends Holiday Empire To West Indies _

Britain's Vacation Camp King Was First

World "War Soldier ~

in Canadian-Army.

Bi’ R. D. BROWN

LONDON, Jan. 14 -(Reuters) _ “Bil1v" Butlin. Britain's 46-year old holiday camp and entertain- ment king. has returned home with the deeds of a new Biitlin empire overseas.

He told me recently of his plans =0 develop three big West. Indian enterprises in which he is Sinking over £2,000,000 68.000000). Dol- lars from this empire will i'lo\v to Britain. helping bridge its dollar Kali and adding to the earnings which have made Butlin one of Britain's leading millionaires.

Butlin, South AIrican-bormwent to Canada with his parents when he was l4 years old. He enlist-ed iri the Canadian Army at 15 and worked for a Toronto department store after the First World War. In 1021 he came to Britain and began his career in the entertain- ment ﬁeld as a carnival barker.

In his West End oﬁice Billy ﬁutlin~short, round-faced. nalf hidden behind a great desk-docs

Innt seem to measure up to same

Value Returned

As experiments in the tanning of skins proved successful. ostrluies i again began to be regarded of viilue. Just before the S_econd World War. skins brought a good price in the United States, where‘ the curiously marked leather wasl found to be wcll adapted for foot- wear, dressing cases. furniture! coverings and other uses. 1

Attention is now being paid by ostrich farmers to further brecd-' lng as better prices for feathers are being realized.

The South African government

has done much to promote over- seas markets, and private dealers have made studies of the prospects in England. The English market‘ is governed by an import restriction thnt says 75| per cent of the feathers imported, have to be exported again. either‘ in the original state or as manu- factured articles.

Recently there has been a re-I vival of American interest in the imerket, which may provide an ad- ditional source of dollar income for the Union.

In view o! the prospects of in- creased demands both for feathers and skins authorities iecl that more farmers may turn to the

gindustry. Experience has shown that droughts have less effect on

' ostriches than on most "crops."

1t is estimated that there are about 40.000 osiriches in the Oudtshoorn area The total for the _ Union is riot much greater, which sneans that the ostrich population X10! shown any great, inn-gasp

over the pnst 10 years.

uniran NATIONS iwirsa

Miss Elisabeth Calmers, as, siti' It her desk in the Palals de Chalk. 5411. Plrla, during a recent U. N. MNUIII. Miss Calmers is in charge 0f health conditions at the United Nations. With three nurses to ss- slst her, Misc Calmers assures 2i- liour-a-duy service at the U. N. clinic, . .

of Britain's pioneers oi the past. This impression soon disappears when he begins in talk.

l-le speaks quietly and precisely and everything he says is the product oi a keen min; l-le sticks to facts and rarely dlgrcsses.

These are among the qualities which have brought him success and made him almost a legend in Britain. l-le has gathered round him a talented team of executives and an organization with ‘ wide ramifications and big resources With these ingredients, Billy But- lin is confident oi his ability to nurn his West Indian concerns into money makers.

The first is already open—tlie super-luxury Port MontagueBericli Hotel at Nassau, Bahamas. “It is fully booked up for about three months and about 90 per cent of the visitors will be spending dol- lars," Butlln said. The hotel, 50 acres oi‘ lawns. lakes and tropical flora, cost him $2,400,000.

Dollars For Britain

A second hotel, the Princess, in Bermuda. will open next month. This includes a. "cottage colony" of prlvaip suites in separate buildings. Butlin paid $2,000,000 for it and anticipates that it wlli prove a big dollar-earner.

The third new enterprise, and the most spectacular, is the “Vacation Village" now being built on a mile-wide "coral island at Grand Bahama. Butlin bought 3,- 000 acres and took an option on another 20,000. He sent out 30 British workers to lead a team mobilized from among the 700 local inhabitants who have hith- erto liad lhe island to themselves.

When completed the village will accommodate 2,000 holiday-makers. Butlin has set Jan. l, 1950, as the opening date. Then he plans to fly in the ﬁrst of the United States and Canadian visitors who, he hopes, will provide Britain with another $1,000,000 a month.

"I estimate that ‘l5 per cent oi those holidaying at Grand Ba- hama will be Americans and the other 25 per cent CanadiansﬂBut- lln said. ‘They will each pay $100 a week and, with the amount they spend in the

$1,000,000. on these projects be in dollars, so they should play ery." THE GOLDEN AGE

beautiful period cultural history.

ECEMA?

RELIEVE FlOHPTLYICutlcur-sls sclentiﬁcall medicated. Soothes itch promptly-h l, hell. Buytodsysurel

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hum-v

,f;.".lblt_'isn'l-siocfriclty in your hair — then it’: floss you 7'! ll! -

shops, I expect ” monthly earnings to reach about

"All the money we are spending is in sterling and almost all t-he earnings will

s valuable part in British recov-

The Golden Age is a phrase ap- plied to the most ‘ prosperous and of a countrys

Winter Closes Model Railway ilear Winnipeg

WINNIPEG, Jan. 13 —(CP) — A railroad empire, its facilities crippled by cold weather and heap- ing snow drills, has been forced to close down for the winter. It's not a major catastrophe; the railway is the Red River Valley Railroad, n string of model locomotives which operates only during the summer. As soon as the sIlOW is off the ground. the steam engines again will chug around 600 feet of steel track on a private lot of! Hender- son llighway in East Kildonan. Tlhe railroad started by chance about seven years ago. Jack Woods ran an advertisement asking to hear frcirn anyone interested in model engines. A group of eight imeii saw the advertisement and formed the railroad. It now has 12 mcmbers. They Include machinists, clerks, draughtsmeii and dentists. The club has only a few engines. including scale models of the Royal Tour train engine and the’ Royal Scot. All have travelled miles around the steehtrack. The engine, one-sixteenth the size of the originals, take from 18 months to two years to build.

Anyone can join the club-but lhere‘s ciic catch. To qualify. the person joining has to ~bulld his own model with his own lathe. One of the club's founders is James Hewit- son. a railway machinist. Iie has built several models and has had his model of the Royal Tour train engine exhibited at the New York and Toronto exhibitions.

TIuee-Cylindﬂ‘ Model

Mr. Hewltsorfs son, John, now In Montreal and a former member of the club, is building a three cylind- er model, All models owned by Red River club members have two cylinders.

The elder l-lewitson does all his building in his basement, where he keeps his models. He now has a model of a London. Midland and Scottish Railway engine which has a coal and water feeder, a throttle. gauge, boiler and furnace.

It weighs 200 pounds and canget up a hend of 100 pounds of steam in fewer than 15 minutes. 1t has been driven more than 400 miles around the track and has carried hundreds of persons. The engine can reach high speeds and has travelled around the track in 35 seconds.

Each model carries a trailer for the engineer and two or three pas- sengers. Members take their models to the rail yard mostly on Sun- days. Dozens o! youngsters wait eagerly for rides on them.

The track has been built up on posts and, to keep it level, it Is raised four feet off the ground in some places. The track is not d15- mantled for the winter.

The Red River Valley Railroad is not the only model railway in Winnipeg. Another club, called the National Pacific Railroad of West» em Canada. has been operating for some time. This club, however. has its trains run by electricity In the basement oi’ a members home.

Seven Kinds 0f Death 8i Injury in Atomic Bombs

By HOWARD W. BLAKESLEE

Associated Press Science Editor

NEW YORK, Jan. 14 —(M’) — Atomic bombs carry seven kinds of death and injury. Three-and-a- hnlf years after the first bomb it is safe to say there are no more kinds.

Five of the death-dealers us in the flash and the ﬁrst few see- orids alter-ward. The others come lute and may hang around for years.

The ﬁrs: ls concussion. This atomic blast knocks down nearly all kinds of present-day struct- ures for a mile on all sides. It wrecks them for two miles, and sometimes farther. However, there is an "if.’ The blast does this if the bomb is exploded well above the tops of the tallest buildings. ll it hits on the ground, the con- cussion won't travel as far.

The second is heat—milllons of degrees in the interior of the bursting bomb. This heat spreads at the spced of lig-ht, but shrinks rapidly. There is still enough to set ﬁre t.» anything inﬂammable within a mile. Some things blaze at two miles.

Third is the radioactive rays. These are instantaneous and come from the flash. There are two kinds, both equally deadly. One Is gamma rays, which are the same us X-rays. The other ls neutrons. The gamma rays are likely to be fatal at o. mile. They cause hair to fall out at more than a mile. The neutrons travel not much more than a half mile.

Fourth is ultra-violet light, in the form of s. flash of powerful sun-tan rays. These inslre bad burns at more than two miles on exposed human ﬂesh. They do not kill. but s person sun-bathing could get a fatal flash burn. ,

Fireball Menace

Fifth Is the fireball. This is a ball of white-hot air and other

atoms, that forms at the spot

THE GUARDIAN. cnaiicorraroww

a M

coco "mantras ©IF ACCCCGDMPIL-USIHIMlENTI‘

\\ ll/ \ / Illlc/WQIEMS . ///|\\\

Tbir i: tbs ryp: of rtmr an smdfn I839. n rim m Iron rail: rpitlid ti: long rimbm. Tada] rtmt car: are bigger, farm, safer, mm comfortable. Nklul bar lulped to make tlmn :0. Their framer, rprirzgr and man] mnlmnical pam- m mad: of nickel alloy rml: to provide tong/nun, long lifs, and goat rmngtb with light rurigbt.

How Nickel Benefits Canada

Since more than ninety per cent of the Nickel produced in Canada is sold to the United States and other countries, it brings a constant ﬂow of dollars back to Canada. In fact, Canada's Nickel industry is one of our chief sources of U.S. dollars soessential at the present time to maintain our foreign trade and make available products not

produced in this country.

Cnniioinn llioksi.

FIRST PRODUCED THE INTERNATIONAL NICKEL COMPANY OF CANADA, LIMITED,

These dollars help pay the wages of the 14,000 Nickel employees, and help provide the dollars which make it possible to pay millions in freight to Canadian railways, to buy timber, steel, coal, machinery and sup- plies amounting to many millions each year;

These millions, ﬂowing into all industries through the length and breadth of Canada; help create jobs for Canadians.

IN CANADA IN I889

25 KING STREET WEST, TORONTO

i innnlll

where the bomb exploded. It is a miniature sun several hundred yards in diameter and it can burn you badly at a. mile away. It also emits tremendous doses of gamma

rays.

The ﬁreball is dangerous for probably not more than 10 sec- onds. ,

The long reach of these perils has been measured in the world's! ﬁrst five atomic bomb explosions:

After the explosion, you face; the sixth peril. This is from: transmutation, i.e., the change.‘ from one element..to another. The‘ neutrons in the original flash hit billions of atoms on andnear the earth's surface. These hits change the atoms into new chemical elements, all of them radioactive.

The neutrons can change some oi the gold in your teeth. or the watch or cigaret lighter in your pocket. They can trausmute some of the carbon in your body and the phosphorus in your bones and brain. The gold teeth, watch, cig- aret case or internal changes are not likely to kill you. But the teeth, watch and case will cause radioactive burns if you carry them fm- a few days.

The seventh death is speculat- ive. some authorities declare No. ‘I ls really the greatest risk of all. They say that maybe it can hurt more people than atomic explos- ions.

This risk is the radioactive at- oms that rise into the strato- sphere, and spread ultimately all over the world. Finally they fall to the earth and into the oceans. What a heavy fall can do was shown oy Blkinib underwater ex- plosion. where they fcll in the rain.

Potent For Centuries

After they come down.‘ these atoms in many cases will be just as dangerous 100 years from now

as at the instant they were oirn

in the atom-splitting explc§i'lll.| The bombs plutonium. most cl which does not split, but vapor--

izcs, is equally dangerous and will remain so for thousands of years.

There is no doubt about the spread. A few weeks after the Bikini air bomb, some of the new atoms were picked up in the air by ‘etector. at Tulsa, Okla, about 5,005 ‘WES away.

The atoms that settle to earth will be too thinly spread to harm those upon whom they fall. h?

oms by a single second. The un- known question is how much of this atomic stuﬂ man can take.

A build-up of those radioactive atoms that are known already to stay when they get inside the human body, theoretically can cause illlltss and death.

This sickness will not strike for many years. It will take that long, bath to eat enough atoms

speculation is about plants and minute milmals and ﬁsh that use these atoms as food. Will the plants pick up and concentrate the atoms? It is known that the algae in the sea do Just this.

If food plants do the some as algae, man and animals will cut them and also the accumulated radioactive atoms. The eating \\'III not shorten t-lie lives of the at-

and to wait for their eﬂecis, for they do no immediate harm. They are delayed-action atomic pills. The speculations on this linger- ing atomic risk is split hree ways. One schcol of thought ays it is the worst danger of all. threaten- ing the entire world. Another says, we don‘t know yet how ser- lous this may be. The third says, we certainly will find protection-

‘ "I'd like to sec you drive a -— tram up and down tIie — Embankment every -— day

of the -— week rt-iihout ‘ollcring for overtimef’,

London ‘Express ﬁervico

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