.T>Xc.E4

KT 2 huarrlian

Coven Pr-inc» Edward Island. Like In’: Dew

Pllblisnerl every week-day morning at 165 Prince Street Charlottetown, P.E.l.. by the Thomson Company Ltd. [in A. Burnett. Publisher and General Manager Frank Walker, Editor Member Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Association Member of‘ The Canadian Press Member Adult Bureau of Circulation: Brawn offices at Summerside, Montague and Alberton uewesented Nationally by- Thomson Newspaper: Advertisinz Service

0 King Street West. Toronto, Ont. 640 Cathcart St. Montreal 1030 West Georgia Street,, Vancouver 3) Carrier Charlottetown, Sunamerside $15.00 per an- num Elsewhere in P.E.l. $9.00. other Provinces and U.S. $12.00 per annum.

“T he strongest fnemory is weaker than the 2_vea/cest ink.”

MONDAY, MARCH 3, ’19'5T;

Political‘ Temptation

’ We are not, of course, thinking of any particular individual when we say that it is a temptation to candidates who were elected by substantial majorities in the last election to assume that they can take things easy this time. After all, they might argue, nothing much could have happened in nine months to’dampen the loyalty of their sup- porters. This specious reasoning, however, could be very risky. It could even lead‘to the unpleasant- ness of defeat. A _

Public opinion at ‘best is an uncer- tain quality, although more often than not, some very notable historic exceptions to the‘ contrary notwith- standing, it seemsto do the right thing. It doesn’t take much to change it; and a lack‘ of energy or a little overconfidence on the part‘ of ’ a candidate. can easily veer it from its former course. Every pol- itician of experience knows that he can count on a ,“trend” only so far and that even fulfilled promises are

not infallible aids to re-election,‘

though they are very helpful, all other things being equal. It is sur- prising how quickly a majority of, say, 500 can-be cut in two or even Wiped out completely by an ac- cumulation of’ little, dissatisfactions -——sometimes totally unrelated to na. tional issues-—which may have pass- ed almost unnoticed by a represent- ative sitting in his Ottawa office but which take on irritating signifi. cance when the sameperson .is~ask- ing for a renewal‘ of confidence.

In short, reliance , on past achievetmentt is mo substitutg for vigour in meeting a new challenge.

The wise candidate initthe ‘current "

Campaign is he who proceeds on the knowledge thatfnothing‘ can b‘ taken for granted-—least-of all ’the" assur-

ances of party scoutsthat all is well.

Top Level‘ Loyalty‘ Present day heaidsfof governments, at least in the democratic world,» are a compassionate lot whenit comes to

‘standing up for their subordinates.

President Eisenhower probably takes first place in this list._ For two ‘or three years now he has been under great pressure from Congressional and other groups to get rid of Secret- ary of State‘ John Foster Dulles. But it seems that the more Mr. Dulles is- criticized the greater hold he has on the President"s goodwill. 'He is still, as far as Mr. Eisenhower is concern- ed, “the greatest Secretaryt of State in American history”, and that covers

‘a. lot of territory.

Again, Secretary of Agriculture

Ezra Benson has scarcely a friend

among Republican Congressmen. Only a few days ago a delegation met with the President‘ to ask for the S e c r e t a r y’-s resignation on the grounds that his agriculture policies

will almost certainly cost the Repub-

lican Party 25 or 30 seats in this ye_ar’s election. Farmers’ organiza- tions from the Mid-west have also asked that Mr. Benson be fired from post. But to all this the President has paid no heed, except to declare that Mr. Benson is a “great secretary of Agriculture, a wise and honest nia_n”. . f.‘T_The only person in the President’s official family who resigned under 1§ressL11"e was Mr. Harold Stassen, the Bresident’s adviser on disarmament; ajdd, in his case, the criticism came fjftom within the administration, not outside it. Two or three other mem- hsers of the Cabinet have resigned; but there was nothing to indicate that the President wanted them to go. Across the Atlantic, Prime Minis- ter Macmillan is being besieged by

dettmandsi for the resignation of Mr.’

Selwyn Lloyd, the Foreign Secretary, for whom hardly anyone seems to

have a kind word — hardly anyone,"

that is, except the Prime Minister himself who thinks —— and has stated ‘so publicly —— that Mr. Lloyd has performed his duties “splendidly” and would be hard to replace.

There is yet no way of telling how Prime Minister‘ Diefenbaker would react to public criticism of one of his

cabinet colleagues. That will have to wait until he has been in office a bit longer. But it is common knowledge that former Prime Minister St. Laurent stood up boldly for one or two of his colleagues when they were in trouble with influential segments of public opinion.

All in all, it seems to be a time when top level loyalty to harassed subordinates reigns supreme. It is a. good thing, of course —- within limits. Whether there are times when public criticism, when it is widespread,

should receive weighty consideration’

is 3, question which could be argued at length.

Heavy Storms

« To say that we have been fortunate so far this winter in the kind of weather we have had would be an

r

_ understatement. The fact is there

has been hardly any winter at all except for a couple of relatively mild storms; and even those brought no severe cold with them. It is a differ- ent story in many other areas, how- ever. In .New York State, for ex- ample, the heaviest snowfalls on record, accompanied by severe frost, have been reported. An item in a. recent: issue of the New York Times tells part of the story: I

“The (last) storrn’s death toll reached 46 in the State, according to the Associated Press. Five families ‘were rescued by helicopters from rural homes in Schoharie’County. The pilots said they saw snowdrifts that were "enormous, almost unbelievable’. Near Holland, in Eire County, volun- teer firemen fought through 25- foot drifts to rescue a family of five from their home in the) hills. Before

‘ being rescued’ Mr. and Mrs, Earl

Tobias had burned all but one chair of their furniture.to keep warm. A helicopter pilot who dropped food

._packages to farms in Seneca County

said ‘people scrambled out of their houses like ants, _some crawling ‘on

. hands and knees, and ripped open the

sacks to devour the food on the spot’.

. Sheriff Morgan” Seigel of Chataqua . County said ‘I’ve never seen snow like this before. .It’s,heavy, hard-packed '

and almost impenetrable’. Buffalo,

which has had 48.8 inches ofsnow,

since Feb. 1, reported that rescuers were taking supplies to hundreds of farm families marooned for almost

five days in Western New York”.

, EDITORIAL’ NOTES

The appointment, of Mr. J. Lincoln

Dewar to the advisory committee of A V. the Agric.ultural. Stabilization Board

is a testimony to his knowledge of

V and experience" in agricultural affairs.

It is also a recognition of the Pro-

’vince’s ‘important place in agricul-

ture. L i Q ‘I A federal conciliator isto be ap- pointed to help the C.N.B. and the

Firemen’s Union settle their contract I

dispute. The man, whoever he may happen to be, will be only wasting his time. What purpose can a conciliator or a. Conciliation Board or a Royal Commission serve when either party to the dispute may ignore whatever recommendation is made? _

2 9 . Q ' The -Prime Minister has hinted that

more Quebecers will be appointed to .

the Cabinet, provided the Province does its duty and elects a few more Conservatives on March 31. “You have it in your power”, he told an audience at Rimouski, “to surround me with the talented lieutenants I need to direct the destinies of our country.” That was about as far as he could go without giving offence to candidates in other Provinces‘. I I‘ W ,

While most people take kindly to a mild winter, for some it is an economic disadvantage. The St. John’s Daily News reports that in Northern Newfoundland where the weather has been particularly mild salmon fishermen fear there will be no ice to refrigerate their early Spring catches, pending transport- ation to market. Usually the ice is taken from the bays and rivers. This year there is none. They will have to depend on the Arctic ice which al- most certainly will come down as usual later in the season.-

t t 0

In speaking of United States-

Canada joint defense, External Af-‘_

fairs Minister Smith told a gathering at Moncton that “we are not going to allow ourselves to be shoved around by any American general”. He might have added that American officials have no intention of allowing" the Canadian Government to tell them what they should or should not do. It may be a “joint” defence system; but it .can be taken for granted that the United States will have the final word in any difference that may arise.

wILL'NoT BE FR

‘Lsocu A MEETING

umess Tue eieouuo, HA6 BEENTHOROUGHLY 1226?/ARED IN ADVANCE " -

é—«_ MACMILLAN

UITFUL

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discus-

sion by correspondents of question of

interest. The Guardian does not neses-

sarily endorse the opinion of corres- ’ pondents.

‘MORE FOR. THE MIND

Sir,—-Education Week seems an appropriate time to assess the tmuch-discussed traditional and progressive methods in our school I offer you these thoughts on the subject. -— ' ‘ ' Changes have come in educ- ational methodolog-y. Are they good or bad? If you read Dr. Hil- da Neatby’s recent book, “So Lit-

, tle for th Mind." you found that

she cond mms mostiof -the chan- ges. According to her point of View they have introduced mere piffle which neglects sound learn- ing and the development of pow- er and culture. Such attributes, the traditional’ methods fostered, but the progressive methods of- ford “So Little for the Mind.” Therepis a growing science of education which has revealed that the school's function is to meet the growing needs of the child. This cannot be ignored. More- over, progressive methods in ad- ministration and teaching were introduced because of the dissat- isfaction, resulting from tradi- tional methods based on adult phi1osophy.'It puts me -in mind of a cartoon where - the y o u n g- ster is standing gazing at a huge stork in a zoo, and address it, said: “Mother spank-s me

‘ school is unbearable —— “My al-

lowance is small. I demand you to take me back this minute." Progressive methods have done much to improve this attitude of pupils towards life.

Today the teacher who does most for the pupil uses progres- sive methods and management "that develop interest, attitudes, skills, abilities and character to sadjust the individual for better social living. Good will and co- operation are developed. The coercian of the old school is dy- ing out, and motivation and in- terest are taking its place. This a forward movement and not soft pedagogy. Pupils- are studying subject matter that is useful, but they are not stuffed and crammed with facts, some true and sum false. ‘

The teacher ‘doing the most for the pupil has a procedure mid- wa.y between the old stuffing school and the activity school. This has been called th.e_l\/lodern School. Here one finds sive methods and management used to promote interest, and ha- bits of study with understanding which lead to new light and du- ties. Desirable attitudes and co- operation between teacher and pu- pil are kept alive. Directed study, problems, projects, and activities are planned by the teacher in co-operation with the pupils, and worked out to master ideas and principles with their applictaions to life. The yearning process is made purposeful, and the achieve- ment gives satisfaction. Such a ‘school has more for the mind. It - btuilds character and personal- ! y_ ,

the love of good music, good lit-_ erature and flowers. Be the school room ever so plain and poor it may be made attractive with growing plants, books and maga- -zines, and music in some form. Observational learning is an es- ~ sential phase of the learning pro- cess and should be put into prac- tise in all grades. The new teach- ing places emphasis on this kind of experience. The ‘story. “Eyes and No Eyes,” is an interesting contrast of two boys, one train- ed to habits of observation and the other not. The modern school teaches science to afford this training for it ‘leads to the de- velopment of accurate habits of study and thinking. So today perhaps as never be- fore, the need for far-seeing. faith-

who will introduce the human in- terest element into the everyday classroom lesson, not stressing

the high intelligence quotient of one child against the more com-

progres- .

All children should be taught ‘

ful teachers is at hand, teachers

THE ROAD TO THE’ SUMMIT

UNITED KINGDOM. OPINION I

The Wise M

l \

After six months deliberation, three of Britain’s brainest men —- Judge Lord Cohen, accountant Sir Harold Hewitt, and economist Sir Dennis Robertson have just issued their first report to the British Nation on the battle of inflation. They indicate trends, and they indicate a remedy that could be summed up in one ' word: “Halt!” .

These three — dubbed, natur- ally enough, the “Three Wise Men” by the British Press .- were asked last.August to set themselves up as ‘an independent council and to discuss the three prime factors in British econo- my — prices, productivity, and income.

They tackled the job fearless- ly, with the detachment of men who have already got the mater- ial things they want and do not seek more. _ .

And their first report will of- fend many. As the London.“Daily., ‘Mail" has it, “A number of sa- cred cows have established them- selves in our economic scence, and not many people have- been gold -enough to question their ‘holiness .— one is the rule that, come what may, w-ages imust rise every year — ”

NOT POPULAR

Cohen, Howitt, and _Robertson, have not hesitated to demolish the holiness, and they declare emphatically that claims -based -‘on a rise inzvthe cost of living should, from now on, not be con- ceded in full.

.Such a suggestion will antagon- ise two big sections here —— the Socialist 9 Opposition, an d the Trade Unions. The latter have al- ready indicated that they want no truck with the Wise Men and their findings. Coming up are‘ claims put in by the miners, rail- waymen, and London’s busmen, and if the ‘Wise Men’s advice is followed they will either be re- jected outright or be offered by only a pittance.

Another blunt statement: that no one should be surprised or shocked if unemployment over here (running about 1.8 per cent of the population at the moment, compared with a 1956 figure of

OTTAWA REPORT

By “onlooker” Thomson: « Newspapers, London,

'OUT OF‘ A DOLLAR.

_ put by. .,

en Cry Holt

England. Bureau

1.2) “should go somewhat fur-. ther.” ’

“In our opinion," comment the Wise Men, “it is impossible that a‘ free and flexible economic sys- tem can work effectively without a perceptible (though not emphat- ical1y.a catastrophic) margin of unemployment.” Straight talk — and how.

The “interim report” of the Wise Men over here makes one of the most fascinating Govern- ment publications to be issued. this year —- and at a publication price of agout 30 cents it is well worth it. Interesting are some of the statistics.

A breakdown for instance, of the average less-than-£20-a-week Briton’s money is shown. It dem- onstrates that out of every dollar he gets in his pay packet after tax 35 cents go on food, 23 cents

‘on clothing and other items, 15 cents go on drinks and tobacco, 13 cents on iother services like transport-, five cents on heating and lighting, and nine cents on

‘housing. \

None of the figures are very surprising — except, perhaps the nine cents in the dollar for ac- commodation. For those buying houses over here, at least twenty cents out of each dollar must be

DIFFERENT PICTURE ‘But despite ‘the Wise Men’s statement ’ about unemployment, their contention .falls down when the unemployment load is spread unevenly over the country. Scotland, for instance, now has a higher rate of unemployment than any other place in the Unit- ed Kingdom. The Industrial Low- lands of the country have been ‘hardest hit in places like Glas- gow and in the towns on the Riv- er Clyde. ‘ ' ’ Drastic cut-backs in Govern- ment spending, announced over the past few days, have aggravat- ed the picture. The Navy, for in- stance, has closed a big torpedo experimental establishment on the Clyde, and 750 are losing their job. A day after they an- nounced the cut, the Army had their two-cents worth and closed

1

Ottawa: How are we doing:

The Dominion Bureau ‘of Stat- istics has been issuing details in recent “daily bulletins” which show that we are doing quite wellg thank you. And now the bankers and economists are pre- dicting that, in spite of a back- ground of gloom and worry at the beg‘nning of the year, 1958 will be Canada’s best year ever economically, with the boom bur- sting outfall over again sometime during the summer.

Preliminary figures of our for- eign trade show that our total exports boomed to a level even higher than in_ 1956. At the same time our imports fell slightly, en- tirely due to more restraint in our purchases from the’ United States. The net result of these two trends of course was that our adverse trade balance, name- ly the excess of our imports ov- er our exports, fell significantly — although still not enough. * Our purchases from Britain

mon ability of the other children, but feeling that all pupils are members of a community group with a right to happiness and a good life, and that their start along that life can be wonderfully aided by the day school teacher who sees that the lesson of to- day becomes the invaluable aid to tomorrow for each and every one. I am, Sir, etc.. NAOMI NE_WSON

s No Ground For Pessimiém

t By Patrick Nicholson Special Correspondent for The Guardian

rose slightly, from about seven per cent of our total foreign pur- chases in 1956 to about nine per cent last year. This trend will result in- Britain spending her extra earnings of Canadian dol- lars on Canadian exports. WORK AND WAGES Much publicity has been giv- en to the fact that the number of persons looking for work has risen. Perhaps even more public- ity deserves to be given to two other facts._ First, that we have had more people employed at work over recent months than ever before at the same time of year. Second, average weekly wa- ges and salaries hit an all-time new high in December, reaching an impressive figure of $69.24, or 45 cents higher than the aver- age figure a year earlier. With everything going up, it is reasonable that the number of babies born during 1957 should also hit a record. At 475.000 births during the year, the num- ber of anxious fathers pacing the corridors of maternity wards rose by 5 per cent —— or don't fathers do that any more? , Talking Of hospitals, ‘and. here the statistics seem to be lagging be-hindhand a little, during 1956 2,200,000 Canadians, or one per. son of every eight in the country, ‘entering hospital during the year, and Stayed an average of ten days. This showed an increase of nearly ten per cent during the year. On a typical day, 59,-

, you like best, with little thought

' virtually ignore them? And what

Eating Methods Are Importont

By Herman N. Bundesen, M.D.d b 1 have been taking vitamin an mineral supplemems f°1' many yea,.S_ And many times in the past I have urged Y0“ t0 d0 the

same.

As a result, I have receiveda. lot of letters and personal inquir- ies as to why I think everybody needs more vitamins and miner- als than they get in their daily meals. , Well, maybe everyb0dy $10951” need this additional help, but al- most everybody 11095- NUTRITIONAL VALUE , Just look at the way youveat. Day after day you consume the foods you are used to, the foods

to their nutritional value.. Answer the following question truthfully and you’ll see What I mean: How often do y0l1 93‘ foods you dislike because you know they are good for you? Fresh fruits are both tasty 8115 healthful yet how many of you

about liver? It"s..st~uffed with val- uable minerals, but how often do you eat it? * _ Obviously, this situation is bad enough — but wait, it gets worse. GREAT IMITATORS

Children, air you well know, are great imitators. They inherit your food habits, just as you pro- bably inherited yours from your parents. If these habits are bad, the vicious cycle is perpetuated. As it is, teen-agers generally do not get enough vitamins, any- way. Don’t misunderstand me. I like cake, ice cream and pop myself. But they should not serve as substitutes f or wholesome meals. , " VIATMINS ARE LOST