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Coven Prince Edward Island Like the Dew

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Re-Nominated

It was a foregone conclusion, but congratulations are due nevertheless to the Hon. J. Angus MacLean, Min- ister of Fisheries, and Mr. Heath Macquarrie on being renominated as Conservative standard-bearers for Queens in the coming Federal gen- eral election. The qualifications of both ‘candidates are so well known that they need not be enlarged upon here. Mr. MacLean’s appointment to the Cabinet following the election of last June gave Prince Edward Is- land the recogniation which had long been denied it under other govern- ments. It was a tribute to his own abilities as well, and by all accounts he has discharged his responsible duties with credit to himself and the Province. Mr. Macquarrie, though a new member, had the honour of being chosen as an official parlia- mentary observer to the United Na- tions. Both men have been active in promoting the interests of their constituency as well as in their broader representative duties.

As noted-before, they have ‘two strong opponents in‘ the Liberal can- didates, Messrs. E. D. Reid and J. O. C. Campbell, QC. It should be a

.. lively contest!

(A Muddle

Some day, let us hope, Canada will have a universal-sufrage law As things stand, quite a number of reputable citizens are denied the right ‘to vote. These include the chief electoral officer, -the returning officers in the constituencies, feder- ally-appointed judges—and Indians who happen to live on reservations and who have not served in the arm- ed forces since September 1950.’

‘ Regarding the Indians, a move was made in the last session of Pa - liament to grant them their rights;

but,’ although it had the suppbrtfoif 2

members of all parties, forsome rea- son it did not come to a _vote. Why is it that Indiansare considered less worthy of democracy’s chief pri- vilege than Eskimos, who were given.

the right in 1953, or Doukhobors

who received it in 1957? The fact that they are “wards of the Govern- ment” means nothing at all. Any- one who receives social security benefits\of one kind or another from the Government could be put in that category, if one wanted to be strict about it. Why’ pick on the’ Indians?-

As for the others mentioned, what‘ risk wouldvthe1re,'be in giving them the right to vote? What is

(there in their duties which puts,

them “outside the pale”? It isn’t,/ surely, because their salaries are paid by the Federal Government. If that were the case, all civil ser- vants, cabinet members "and mem- bers of parliament would be dis- franchised. And it cannot be that they are considered not intelligent enough to make up their minds on the merits of conflicting claims. The whole thing is a muddle.

British Warning

Ever since the hydrogen bomb appeared in the arsenals of the Un- ited States, the Soviet Union and Britain it has been hoped that the terrible weapon would never be used and that war, if it musticome, will be fought by “conventional” wea- pons. This hope——which,, admittedly, doesn’t accord withithe records‘ of history—~was based on the belief that all nations would want to salvage something from the devastation of war which they are unlikely to do if thermonuclear power is used on a large scale.

Well, the hope has finally been shattered by a “White Paper” issued by the British Government.-Entitled’ “Britain’s Contribution to Peace and Security” and written, by Defencé Minister Sandys, the document‘ warns the Soviet Union that “if the Western Powers were attacked even with‘ conventional forces only, they would retaliate with strategic nu- clear weapons”.

This is the first time that any Western Government has stated that hydrogen bombs and other nuclear weapons would be used at the outset

of any war, whatever the enemy might do; although the use of ato- mic weapons as a possibility has been talked about freely.

The evident purpose behind the British announcement is to inform Soviet’ leaders that they cannot count on their admitted superiority in conventional forces in the event of war. Whether this will serve as a further deterrent to war is a question; but evidently the British Government hopes it will. It also seems to indicate that the Western Powers believe they still have over- all predominance in nuclear weapons, despite recent Soviet successes in the missile field.

Those Oracles. 'A Patriot editorial writer has

entered the controversy as to the pre- ‘

sent setup of the British Common- wealth. The Encyclopaedia Britan- nica Year Books, he says, are wrong. The Statesman’s Year Book is “half true and half false, which makes itcwholly false.” He propounds the self-evident truth that a country which does not act as a sovereign state cannot be a sovereign nation—— ignoring the fact that _the word

“sovereign” forms no part of the name “Commonwealth of Nations.” Webster’s Dictionary defines a na- tion as “a body of inhabitants, of a country united under a ‘single gov- ernment, whether dependent or in- dependent; a people politically un- it .” '

1 The Patriot writer contends that the Commonwealth is to be inter- preted “in the words of the Im- perial Conference of 1926.” That is the Balfour definition which is now obsolete. The Commonwealth has ceased to be, as it states, a group’ “of autonomous communities with- in the British Empire, equal in status, in ‘no way subordinate one to another . . . though ,united by a common allegiance to the Crown.” Ireland is now a republic and is no

.longer a member of the Common-

wealth._ India, likewise, is a repub- lic and remains ‘within the Com- monwealth but without admitting or owing any allegiance to the Crown. T A new and wider definition has had to be found. ‘

That is why,‘ in preference to the Imperial Conference statement of 1926, we cited the latest available ,.edition (1957) of. ,1ihe..,,l,,BI'ita_hnica Year‘. Book, which defines the Com- monwealth today as “a world-wide community of independent nations and dependent orisemidependent ter- ritories bound together by allegiance

to the British Crown or by recogni- ~

tion of the British Sovereign as, head of the Commonwealth and sym- . bol of the free and equal association of countries within its framewor .” Following the definition there ap- pears a complete list of all them- tions, colonies and other dependen- cies within the Commonwealth, with notes on their existing status. The writer of this article in the Britan- nica is Dr. Archibald Paton Thorn-A ton, Lecturer in Imperial History, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, and author of “West-Indian Policy Under the Restoration.” We feel that ‘ we should disregard local oracles and accept him as an authority until we can find a better one.

EDITORIAL NOTES

, Nothing succeeds like success, to be sure. Before last summer's elec- tion the Conservatives in some con- stituencies found it difficult enough to procure qualified candidates. This time the problem is one of oversup- ply. Even in Liberal strongholds the list of would-be candidates is im- pressive.

IT I t g Mr. Dean Acheson, U.S. Secret-

ary of State in the Truman adminis- tration, thinks that this is “the worst possible time” for holding top level talks 'with the Russians and that the West has “less than a 50-50 chance” of making any gains at such a meeting. Mr. Acheson has had a lot of dealings with the Russians. His views, therefore, must be treated with respect. ’ C 1' C

,The Prime Minister did not ex-

aggerate when he described Can-

V ada’s tobacco taxes as “the heaviest

of any industry in Canada”. How-, ever,-his promise to “look into the matter to ascertain what action should be taken” must not be regard- ed as a commitment to reduce the taxes on tobacco. They may or may

-not be found feasible; -but, being

a luxury, it is reasonable to sup- pose that tobacco will not be given priority when it comes to reducing taxes on various commodities.

_ jects which

ISLAND ,RCHESl

OTTAWA REPORT

That Canadian “Medal

By Patrick Nicholson Special Correspondent for The Guardian

Ottawa: The election campaignlmatter of foreign citizens who

has brought on a lot of talk a- bout promises, and whether poli- ticians intend to keep them. This brings to mind a Liberal promise, stalled for 14 years by Liberal governments even though they had docile steam-roller ma- jorities which could certainly have. put it through Parliament: it was Mackenzie King’s promise

‘in 1943 to‘ introduce a “Canada

Medal.” .

This ‘is a ‘small point. But ‘as we have a noisy 'minori.ty clam- ouring about the urgent need to have our own National Anthem and a distinctive flag, it is sur- prising that nobody likewise urg- es the need for us to have a dis- tinctive Canadian award.

‘, It is important for any sover-

eign state to have in its power to award a trifling and inexpen- sive token of metal and ribbon, which nevertheless represents the gratitude of its citizens. For that

, is what a medal is: a dollar tok- en, but which may nevertheless

cost perhaps a life or certainly faithful service to win.

' Iron, WHAT USE?

It may be asked whether we need a Canada Medal. No doubt

many Canadians, from selfless_

medicalworkers in the‘ northern wastes to heroic policemen foil- ing armed robbers, deserve some token of recognition by their sev- enteen million fellow-citizens each year in peacetime. At all levels of -our national life, public-spirit- ed men and women give service beyond the call of duty to the state; why should Canada be the only country in the world which is unable_to say "Thank you” for such service. '

An embarrassing side issue of our lack of a distinctive Canad- ian medal is that we cannot say “Thank you” to citizens of other countries who perform services for Canada, and this is a national shame. Take for instance the

serve as our consuls especially in ports and capital cities overseas. In France, for example, there are no doubt Frenchmen}: ident in Marseilles and Cherbourg who for years have freely given their services to ‘act as our consuls._ Living next ‘door to them are the other Frenchmen who have

served say Sweden and Japan in

the same capacity. After perhaps ten years or twenty years work, looking after the interests of Swe- den and watching the affairs of Japan, assisting with those coun- tries’ trade with France, enter- taining important visitons from Sweden and Japan, introducing businessmenfrom those countries to the necessary officials and private contacts in France, Mon- sieur Jean receives from a grate ful Sweden an order of the Snowy Elk, first class, which is one of those dollar baubles of metal and ribbon. And Monsieur Jacques receives from a grateful Japan an order of the Rising Sun, first class, also a metal bauble sus- pended from a coloured ribbon. Monsiuer Jean and Monsieur Jac- ques are both delighted. They talk about their foreign honours and show their medals to their friends.

But what does their neighbour, Monsieur Alphonse think of all this? He has been working even longer and :even more faithfully to further the affairs of Canada, which he has always heard is a rich and generous country. But the Canadian Government does not come across, for it has no Canada Medal” to award to its faithful volunteer helpers in for- eign lands.

AND YOU TOO

This works in reverse too. The Canadian Government for years has been very embarrassed about its inability to reward foreigners. So to save direct comparisons, it has now asked all foreign govern-

OUT Of Space

Arthur Blakely in the Montreal Gazette

A few years ago, many Canad- ians were flabbergasted to learn that the Federal Government had

. established the worlds first, offici-

. al flying saucer sighting station

at Shirley Bay, some 10 miles west of Canada’s capital‘.

In charge of the station was a Mr. Wilbert B. Smith, then en- gineer in charge of the transport

- department’s broadcast and mea-

surement section, intercommuni- cations division.

And in a way, this was singul- arly appropriate. For Mr. Smith, it was to appear, was a real fly- ing saucer enthusiast.

In fact, the establishment of the sighting station was really his own idea. There was some unused electronic equipment lying around And Mr. Smith, as the story was told at the time, had no trouble convincing his deputy minister that a sighting station would be a fine thing——provided that Mr.

Smith assembled the station out of '

the odds-and-ends of equipment in his own spare time. And this was done.

But before long, the Govern- '

ment in general and the Trans- port Department in ‘ particular must have wished that it hadn't been so free and easy in its handl- ing of the problem. For Mr. Smith as was mentioned before, was a real enthusiast. And before long, he was reporting any number of sightings of unidentified flying ob- could—just could, mind you-—have been flying sau-

_ cers.

Mr. Smith, it was to become clear, was a firm believer in the existence of flying. He may even have been a believer be- fore his detection station made of odd parts began to supply a steady stream of evidence of same. Sensitive instruments at the Shirley Bay establishment gyrated on occasion for no ap-

parent reason.

Mr. Smith and his aides pain- stakingly worked out the odds that the inexplicable gyrations, at least pointed to the existence of sau-

cers. There was a 91 percent chance, it was. said, that the “sightings” were real and not hallucinations or something of the sort. There was a 10 ‘percent chance that the unidentified ob- jects causing these were alien, coming from some other astral body. And if this latter were the case, then it was three to one that the unidentified flying ob- jects were spaceships manned by live, rational beings.

Every report of a sighting from Mr. Smith's laboratory tended to give rise to speculation about tiny green men involved in mys- terious operations in outer and inner space. Though just why peo- ple should assume that such be- ings must be tiny and green was never understood at Shirley Bay.

CAUSED EMBARRASSMENT

It wasn’t long, before these re- ports began to occasion the Gov- ernment some embarrassment. Questions were asked in Parila- ment. Embarrassing questions. Could it possibly be true that the taxpayers were being required to support an establishment which sounded like something out of a science fiction paperback novel? The Government didn’t like the questions. It wasn’t very fond of the answers, for that matter.

In due course, the flying saucer sighting station at Shirley Bay ceased to function as such.

But Mr. Smith has never ceas- ed to believe.

Now superintendent of radio re- gulations , engineering, with the same Department of Transport, he addressed a small public meet- ing liere in Ottawa a few days

ago. His theme: flying saucers.

' hospitality

PUBLIC ’ FORUM

This colunm is open to the discus- sion by correspondents of question of 'interest. The Guardian does not neses- sarily endorse the opinion of corres- pondents.

I

APPRECIATION

Slr,—Would you kindly permit me space in your column to ex- press to the people of Charlotte- town my sincere appreclatlon of the kindness and courtesy with which the members of the High School curling rinks haveabeen re- ceived and treated.

Others will officially convey the thanks of the Canadian High School Curling Association for the and consideration shown the boys, but as a Dad who has come half way across the Dominion to see lads in action, I would be remiss in my duty to the Dads and Mothers of-all the boys did I not extend a special “Thank You” for the wonderful treatment the boys have received. I can not think of anything more that could have been done to make their visit to Prince Edward Island a more memorable one. ;

On this, my second visit to RE. I., I can more fully understand why my Dad who was raised here. insisted on calling this Island “The Island”! I can assure you I shall long continue to sound the

Trouble May Be Wrongly Named

By Herman N. Bundesen, M.D.

Each year, many children are erroneously labeled “mentally 1'9- tarded,” “deaf," or “emotionally disturbed" when in reality their trouble is “aphasia-” _ All too frequently. Dafffnts 11115‘ takenly give up hope f0I‘ 1mPI‘0V€' ment and resign themselves to caring for a retarded child, or decide to wait “to see if he grows out of it."

CONSULT DOCTOR

If your youngster has difficul- ty‘ talking, or can’t utter more than a few grunts and screeches when others his age are Speak‘ ing distinctly, consult your, doc- tor. It might be a good idea to 111- quire whether his difficulty could be due to aphasia.

For more than 100 years, we have known that aphasia can cause loss of speech or under- standing of spoken words among adults. Now we suspect this might be the trouble with some 500,000 of America’s 2,000- 000 speechless children. DAMAGE TO BRAIN

Aphasia is caused by damage to the brain. It leaves the‘~victim unable to express his thoughts in spoken words and-or unable ‘to understand various written or spoken word 5. The affliction might be severe or nominal.

In a severe case, a person might not be able to utter more than a few word's such as “Yes” and “No.” In, a nominal case,

: the victim can’t remember names

of things. He can recognize an object held before him, but can- not name it.

In speaking of a pencil or pen, such a person probably would des- cribe it as “What you write with."

Some of these persons are “word blind” in that they cannot understand what they read, al- though they can actually read it. VARIOUS CAUSES

The brain damage which pro- duces aphasia can occur in var- ious ways.,Some of the causes include German measles in the mother during pregnancy, breath- ing difficulties at birth, incompat- ibility of certain blood types, di- seases such as meningitis during infancy, or a serious accident‘ in early life, ,

Fortunately, something can be done for many of these children.

Each year, about 300 young- sters, ranging from one to seven years‘, are examined at the In- stitute for Language Disorders in Children at Northwestern Univer- sity in Evanston, Illinois. Exam- ination shows about half of them have language disorders result- ing from brain damage. -TRAGIC LABEL ’

The school’, the‘ only one of its kind in the nation, makes happy, useful youngsters out of many of t h e s e children who otherwise would have borne the tragic lab- el “mentally, retarded” through- out their lives.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

D.T.: How would you treat I sty? ,

Answer: Usually, cold com- presses are applied early so that the sty may not progress. Later, hot compresses are applied.

ed surgically by lancing.

The Age Old Story

Take no thoughtfor your life, what ye shall eat, or what yo shall drink; nor yet for your body, what ye shall put on. Is

praises of the people among whom we have spent such a de- lightful week.

I am, Sir, etc.,

STANLEY R. MCLEOD Minister, Wesley United Church, Fort William, Ontario. —

ments to refrain from offering any award to a Canadian citizen.

So Johnny Canuck, ..who for years has served as Consul for Germany in Halifax or Saint

John or Vancouver or Quebec,

City, is not able to receive the order of the Double Eagle. But Sam X. Hogswaffle, who serves as Consul for Germany in the nearby port of Miquelon and St. Pierre, can accept a medal from a grateful government in Ger- many.

' It was obviously after care- ful study of the need for a Can- ada Medal that Prime Minister Mackenzie King announced in 1943 that he would create such a med- al. Why did he and Mr._St. Laur- ent allow fourteen years to go by without implementing their prom- ise to Canada?

la fl

Winter days. my walls talk to me,

sometimes sa ying pointblank, “See!

How good we are to you, keep- ing out

the cold and the snow, blowing about!" '

Theytare determined I appreci-

a e

all that they do. How patiently they wait

for unpleasant weather, so that they can rise

efficiently, heroically, to my eyes!

Then, when they sense protect- ing me from rough

gales or blizzards is not quite enough,

they tender pictures for reminis- cing looks

at spring or summer, or they of. fer books.