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RATES OF SURACRIPTION ly pine years, but there is mo sewerage

IN ADVANCE) system as yet. @ne Year ..84.00| The consumption of water in the Six Menths... ¥.00 | summer season is a little Jeas than half wesee Months ~ ia million gallons per aiem. “The rock

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THE DAILY BXAMINER

JANUARY, 4,

1898,

A PAPAL DELEGATE.

Canadian Government Asked for one Last Fall—the Keport is Confirmed,

It was stated some time ago on authority of « Belgian clerical paper that Sir Wil~ frid Laurier had addressed a request to the Pope. asking for the establichment in Cavada of a permanent apostolic represen tative. The statement is now confirmed by L’Univers, the leading Catholic paper

Canada or the |

THE DAILY EXAMINER, CHARLOTTETOWN. JANUARY 4, 1898

SEWERAGE

Read by Dr MacLeod Before the Bri- tish Medical Association at Montreal, Sept. 1, 1897

Charlotte own, Prinee Edward Island, has a population of i’ vvo, and boriera on ao arm of the sea. It

| has had a public water service for nesr-

| strata,” es describe | by the late Mr. | Francis Bain, Geologist, “underlying the | citv are firm sandstone and ast clay Che fo lowing is a se@ction, in which

stale.” escending order, of the beda underlie Charlottetown:— 1. Boulder clay, 10-20 feet. 2. Red sandstone, coarse thickbedded, 45 teet. ‘ 3. Red clay with grey sta'ns, 5 feet. 4. Dark red sandstone (soft), 7 teet. 5. tine grained sandstone and beds of ‘ed clay shale, 1U teet. 6. Dark red sandstone, thickbedded, [0 teet. ihe upper bes outerop on the north side of the town and the lower beds appear on ths south side, next the harbor. The great sand:tone bed No. 2 forms a range of elevations agreeable for their healthfulness and excellent natural drainage. Imme- diately to the south of these elevations and parallel with them is a lower tract formed by the outcrop of beds Nos. 3, 4 and 5. This makes a belt runniog diagonally across the city, from east to west, known for its flat and i!l-dreined character. South of this agaio is the

coarse and

in France, and a journal that is locked up vo in Paria as the Pope’s mouthpiece. In ite Rome correspondence, dated December 13 bh, L’Univers says:

“A despatch from Ottawa gave a denial to the rumor that the Dominion of Canada had prupored to the Holy See the estab!ishmeot of an apostolic nunciature. As amatter of fact, there was never a question cf instituting an apostolic puuciature, but as itis not necessary to play on words, [can assure you in the moet positive manner, after making full enquiry, thatthe leader of the Federal Government, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, formally requested the Holy See to institute oe permanent apostolic delegation in Canada, aod it appearsthat the Prime Miuister was brought to thie way of thinking on account of the benefits derived in the way cf pacifying pub:ic opinion, during the temporary delegation of Mgr. Merry del Val. “It was, perhaps, Mr. (Sir Wilfrid) Laurier’s intention aleo to give some little satisfaction to Canadian Catholics, whose support was eo useful tohim at the Jast general elections, though in return he had not satirfied them in the grave maoner of } the Manitoba schools,

“It bappened, however, that Sir Wilfrid Laurier’s request to the Holy See for an upostolic del gation provoked, when once known, the opposition of the Protestants, and e-pecialiy of those of Ontario and Menitoba, aod iv order not toirritate that Opposition it was thought expedient to send outs denial regarding the project of the officia' representation of the Holy See.

“It is not lese true, however, that the request was raade and that it was sunport- ed by certain politiciaus in England, amongst others being Mr. Charles Russel), who came here for that purpose towards the end of last month.

“The denial, therefore, from Ottawa can only apply, as to the results, unless it is +uuply a political move. At all events, if the Holy See does not see fit to accede to the project of instituting a permanent aportolic delegation in Canada, it is, no doubt, becans« Rome first desires to solve the Manitoba School problem to the full = entire satisfaction of Canadian Ca_ho ics.”

} by an artificial system must be slow snd

outcrop of No. 6. It forms a slight bluff runnisg along the waters of the harbor This ridge placed on an open sandstone substratum is dry and well drained.”

The ground water at the highest levels is struck at from 30 to 40 feet and at the lowest from 12 to 9 feet, giving a mean depth of about 24 feet.

Tbe grouod water is made to a great extent the receptacle for the large in- crease of waste water, which a system of water-works implies, by means of tube wells connected witn kitchen sinks and guarded at the surface with fine grativgs, which prevent the entrance of solid matters. In addition to the numerous privies there are also leaching we!ls in use, constructed with a view to retain the solid personal and houtre- hold wastes, but to allow the organic wastes in sulution to pass directly into the ground. These are coastrucitel as follows:—A settling tank is dug in the ground six feet square and nine or t-n feet deep. Through the bottum of this pit, a four-inch p pe is sunk to a distance of about 16 feet trom the surface of the ground, or tosuch adepth as ensures the rapid flowicg away ot water poured into is. A standpipe two and a half feet from the bottom of the set: ling taxk with a curve at hall bend or a large perforated dise is attathed to the tube to carry off the organic wa tes insolution. These setthng tanks are not cemented; toey are merely covered over with planks and a vent lator t> carry oft foul air is a‘ tached.

The from«ters of this scheme of

thick leyer of a greenish jelly also huge fungi sprmying up througa the cracks of its plumked floor.)

Bat we go further aad contend that, in the vest drained sections, it is not safe to utilize the underground water as a condun of putrescible mauer, that “land is aoable to take & continual supply of sewerage without great deterioration in its purifying aud aeraliog properties, that it gets Clog- ged aud choked with albuminous sud glutinous matters and becomes sewage- wick and ineflicient ae a purifying agent,” that assailed trom above with privy, dung heaps and kitchen awtddev, oozings, sud from below with organic matter, uuder- guing pacrefaction, th~ best soil imaginabe will eventually become paralyzed and surcharged with filth; thatas a matter of fact Ube tubular wells, s0 muco relied upon as “perfect drains,” do frequently become clogged eud bave \o be avaudoned and re- j laced by others at some distance frum the sites of those abandoned. It has also been pointed that outas ihe springs which are the outlets of the ground water of tne towo are clear, this fact affords a proot that the strata ibrough which it siowly percolates must hold, as a filter, all the organic matter thrown into the ground water, that this organic mailer 18 bul Cale ried into the 8ea, Dui [hai staguation takes place.snd that therefore the great principle of aanitation josisted upcn by all sanite- riaas is violated, nameiy CIRCULATION versus STAGNATION; that as Sir KE. Chadwick says, “the only and vital sanitary plan is the drawing away, every moment, of all dead human and other aninal excreta of communities, end thar avy town which has a general water supply snould have a system of sewers to remove the water whicn hase been fouled by use,and toconvey it entirely beyond the limits of the city before decomposition has set in.

I will not enter upoo the questiou of the absence or the presence of germs in sewer air, or as towhether their being lees nu- merous in it than on the surface and its inpocuousuess are related as cause and etlect, preferring to leave that as an inter- esting topic for discussion by distinguished sanitarians here present. I may be par. doned if [ advert tu the experiment, report- ed in the conclasions of the Rivers Po.lu- tion Commierzion (England) upon three dogs and a mouse confined in boxes into which the air of acess-pool was conducted aod the reault : the mons? dving on the fifth day and the three dogs al! suffering from vomiting, purging aud a febrije con- dition; also to ibe inquest on the body of a plumber in Liverpoui, dying withiu forty vours, who had been engaged in repairing pipes counected with w rewer turougu which a coueiderable quantity of foul sir escaped, the verdict being that death was due to the inhalation of sewer air according tu (ne evidence of the medical wituess, and to express iny Lumbile opinion that even if the bacteria are relatively less numerous

in sewer gas than in the surface air, yet their products, whether ela- berated within. or witheut the human

frame, are inimical to health; and in cen- Ciusivo to say that my object ir bringing this matter before the section of Pubtic Hea!th istoelicit a discussion which | bope will be of great value to my own as weil us to other towns similarly situated aod similarly interested in the problem of the safe and proper di-po al of its dead organic waters,

seweragzs claim that the ground weter is @ runviog sheet or str: am, 6nd] that all crganic matters thrown intoit are held in harmless solution until they are carried away t? the sea; that this is the natural system of drainage, and that the descent to the sea of sewage

unsatisfactory in comparison; that “the practical utility for the disposal! of wes*e watarofthe tubulir wells connected with kitchen sinks has been tested for along time,and that they have been found to fu'fil all the requirements of | perfect drains,” and ‘that it has been } claimed for them th:t they afford a safe,

ACommo Cod.

and common carelessness can make a combination strong enough to defy all the healing skill of the physician. Common carelessness lets the cold root and grow. Common careiessness says, between paroxysms of cough- ing, “It will be all right in a day or two,” and the common end is con- firmed lung trouble, perhaps con- sumption. The common-sense treat- ment of a common cold is a prompt dose of Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral. - It is the most efficient and reliable cure for colds and coughs, and is con- stantly prescribed by physicians, ¢

$. Haynes, M. D., Saranac, N. Y., says -~—

® “I have used Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral in my practice since 1853, and have always found it reliable for the cure of colds, coughs, and

all lung diseases.” ~

FP Ager’s a erry Peetor

eee ~ —

Pree advice on any disease from our eminent

ee ee

eilective and economical method by which to secure that at which a'l true sanitation aims, viz: the dryness, clean- liness and purity of the ground, and =" +. > eir around and aboitour dwell-

Vi Utaw

DR OLDRIGUT'S REPLY.

members who discussed this paper.)

Dear Dr. Macteop,—I have carefully

perused again the paper read by you re-

garding tne proposal to store the tilth of

Charlouetown in pits throughout the city,

allowing tue liguid portion (including that

which becomes I quitied in pit.) to

spread laterally beneatu the city a .er vay-

ing beeu carried down tu a depth of 16 foct , below the surtece

1 regard the existence of privy pits asa

(One of the

—- SS

ings.”

In esindémmnation of any sash disposal of seweraze it is contented that ndr‘ual decomposition viz: nitrification and Oxidation can take placeon'y at the surface of the earth in the presence of air heat tnd moisture in due proportions througa the agency of mould fungi, these nitrifying orgar- isms forming with the vegetable and animal kingdoms the true “tripod of life;” that deeper down in the rock or ground water where these due propor- tions sre «listurhed, owing to excessive moisture end tae relative lack of free oxygen, a3 Pasteur pointed out, pu're- faction only can take place; that its products,carbonic acid,carburretted and sulphurevted hydrogen, sulphide of am. monia “and various more complex gas- eous compouods and organic vapors” are evolved and intermingle with the gcound air; that while these products of putrefaction ia their upward course are no doubt resolved into sim- pler combinations by the oxidizing power of a weil w:ated eartb, the ammoria eventually changing into nitrates and nitrites, also water, hydro- gen, nitrogen, and the very simplest gasses resulting; yet, that if the soil be ill-drained, the original gasses will find their way into damp cellars unchanged, especially of houses artificially heated and from which special care is taken to exclude the cold external air; that this will certainly take place ‘in the ill- drained section described above; that it would be « great mistake to turn the sewage of ths city into the underlying subsoil waters of this ill-drained section; that the wet cellars, being ‘wet by the subsoil water, ‘the question of the pres-

jan. Address, Medical Department, . C. AYER CO,, Lowell, Mass. -

ence or absence of organic filth in this

A woman cannot be too cateful of her health. Her happiness as maid, wife and mother is dependent wpon it. Every wo- man should realize that her general health depends upon her health in a womanly way. When a woman ‘complains of being slnug- gish, dizzy, nervous and despondent the average doctor attributes these symptoms to heart trouble, ‘or disorders ‘of ‘the liver. Jie is not right otice in ‘ten tithes.

When a woman feels this way she is usu- ‘ally sufferitig from weakness or disease of the organs distinctly feminine. Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Prescription is the best of all ‘Itiown ‘remedies for suffering women. It acts ditectly on the'delicate and important ‘organs that bear the burdens of maternity. it makes thém ‘strong, healthy and vigor- ous. Shousands of women who were weak, nervous, frétful and unhappy wives are to- day uappy, healthy, helpful and robust as the result of the use of this marvelous rem- edy. Itis the discovery of an eminent and skillful physician, Dr. R. V. Pierce, for thirty years chief consulting physician to the Invalids’ Hotel and Surgical Institute, Buffalo, N. Y. During those years, with the assistance of a staff of able physicians, he has prescribed for many thousands of ailing women. He will gladly, without charge, answer letters from suffering wo- men, The ‘‘ Favorite Prescription’ is for sale by all good medicine dealers and noth- ing else is ‘‘just as good.”

Sister Eliza L. de Falcon, of Corpus Christi,

water is an important orie to the inhsbi- ' tants of the ‘houses; (on a stone wall of a‘cellar in ‘this »seetion 'I have seena

Nueces Co., Tex., writes: “This is to tell you that I have been ill for twenty-one years and was finally cured by your medicines, ‘Golden Med- ical Discovery’ and ‘Favorite Prescription.’ I was completely cured after taking this medicine,”

1.

relie of barbarism: they ought to be abol- ished a8 rapidly as circumstances will allow, instead of being sanctioned ani perpetuated by a echeme which at best may fora time earry off a portion of the ) quid filth toa point deeper down in the evil. If by this so-called sys em of sew- erage, people are induced to connect with it directly or indirectly, the waste pipes of sinks and other “ conveniences” inside their houses, the experiment will be a dan- gerous one—a serious danger will be added

—

to the Oue now existing. :

To express an opinion ae to what is the best solution of the problem of disposal of refuee now coufroutiag the peopie of Cha: lottetown is what one could not do without a mach more intimate knowledge ot all the facta and circumstances; but ] baye no hesitation in eaying that the acheme ia not an advisable one by which your people would continue to pour into the soil,even atadepth of 16 feet, the filth of the city, and allow it to spread over an even or uneven substratum.

To criticize the scheme in detail, enter- ing into the probabilities and possibilities pro and con, would take too long, unless you specially desire it, Recurring to the first part of my re. marks, permit me to say toat in an article entitled ““Sewage Disposal” in Woods Refer- ence Handbook of the Medical Siences Vol. vi. p. 618, I have cited some start- ling examples of coil pollution from privy- pits which have come under the observa- tion of others as well asone ofmy own noting. I may also add thatin one of the reports of the Provincial Board of Healta of this province,and in other articles, are given instances of gases traye]- ling a long distance through fissures in the soil and entering houses. Hoping that your warnings regarding this matter may prevail, I aw yours sincerely

Wma. Ovpricar.

Prof. P.O. Bryce, Secre‘ary Provincial Board of Health, Ontario, who aleo took part in the discussion, closes his letter to Dr. Macleod as follows :

“I think the system carnot be defended from any sanitary standpoint, and while, —wherethe ground waters are deep.— immunity may exietor continue fora greater or less period, vet the system as one to be generailv applicable canvot, in my judgment, from the facts set forth in your paper, be one to be for a moment commended,”

——_—_——_-—- - — 0+ @- e& -——

Seems as if coneumptiun always picks out the brightest and best. Fully one- sixth of al! the deaths that occur in the world are caused by consumption. Many things were once considered impossible. It would Le strange if medical science did not make some progress. The telegraph and telephone, the phonograph, the electric light—all were once impossible, and once it was impossible to cure consumption. That was before the time of Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery. Taken accord- ing to directions, the standard remedy will cure 98 per cent, of all cases of consump- tion. Consumption is caused and fostered by impurity in the blood. It is cured by purity and richness in the blood—eurely, certainly cured by the “Medical Discuvery”’ It builds up solid healthy flesh and vigor- ous strength.

Dr. Pierce’s Common Sense Medics] Adviser, a 1008 pape medical work, pro- fusely illustrated, will be sent free on re- ceipt ot 3l one-cent stampe to cover post- age only. Address, World’s Dispensary Medical Ars ociation, Buffalo, N. Y.

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