those living in the peripheral areas." _There was nothing in this that denied _, . the right of certain industries to
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PAGE 4
Defining The Farmer
* What is a farmer? That would
- geem to be a simple question, but it “* provoked much discuSsion and little
unanimity at the annual meeting of the Ontario Federation of Agriculture ~
‘the other day. Some of the delegates
thought it would be a good idea for
_ their organization to define the word
“farmer”, and they introduced a resolution to that effect. This’ was the proposed definition: “One engag- ed in the business of farming, as one who earns the major portion of his income from farming.” : The definition was evidently in-
\ tended to exclude “gentlemen far- -mers” who-work the land as a hobby
— or have someone else do it for them.
“
But man after man got up at the meeting and said he considered him- self a bona fide son of the soil and. yet he had to depend on other jobs as well as farming to make a living. There one gentleman who ex- plained that he and his son lived on
and operated a 500-acre farm, yet
made aS much or more money out
_ of trucking and other sidelines. After -a few more attempts at drafting a . satisfactory definition, the meeting
gave up.
The incident, says the Ottawa Citizen, provides fresh evidence. of a trend that many economists find disturbing—the apparently growing
_ number of family farms that are no
u ustaining. Or _ it
F ‘reasonable protection and it is sur- prising that it could not have been
incorporated in those resolutions which were accepted for further sideration.” : ,
. In its preamble the resolution noted that before union the New- foundland tariff-was a major factor in creating a high cost of living. But that local tariff was for revenue ' rather than protective purposes. The Canadian tariff is higher in many instances than the rates applicable to essential imports in pre-union New- foundland. And while this may have no. bearing on the tariff question, it
imports and domestic manufactures of the manufacturers’ sales tax of eleven per cent. ‘
What is needed is a scientific study of the effects of tariff im- positions on our whole Atlantic ec- onomy. Some work was done in this connection in one of the Gordon Com- mission reports, but there is room for a more exhaustive analysis of the subject. Since the Chamber of /Com- merce has turned down the! oppor- tunity of performing a public service -of this kind, why cannot it be under- taken by the Atlantic Provinces ~Economic Council? Until we get the whole tariff picture in perspective, APEC plans will be continually frus- trated by criticism from the Central Provinces about “subsidies” being paid, or requested, to keep our stifled Atlantic industries in operation. The tariff subsidization which the bigger
Confederation is due for a thorough inquiry by some competent body.
* The British Proposal
Britain’s Foreign Secretary Sel- wyn Lloyd has stepped into the breach in the Geneva discussions over banning nuclear weapon tests. The Russians are balking at a scientific- ally based control and inspection sys- tem. They also object to a study of _new American findings on the matter of detecting underground nuclear ex- plosions. Mr. Lloyd now proposes a series of experimental Ufidérground
is aggravated by the application to.
_ industrial centres have enjoyed under -
tests sponsored jointly by Russia, -
a
THE RELUCTANT DRAGON
WORLD AFFAIRS ' Britain &
Rhodesia and Nyasaland next ceremonial opening of the great
ultimately supply up-to 8,000 mil- lion kilowatt hours of electric power a year to growing indus- tries and population centres in Northern and Souther Rhodesia.
in the execution of an engineering project which will greatly con- tribute to the economic develop- ment of Central Africa.
_ The problems of economic growth facing the peoples of Af-
a sustained co-operative effort, in
may be that they were never really self-sustaining but that a greater
-number of families put up with a
low standard of living. Nowadays there may be more opportunities to augment income from other sources.
Federal studies of the problem have been made. At the present time, it is understood, the Dominion Bureau of Statistics has completed and is now processing the first really com- prehensive survey of non-farm in- . come in Canada. When it is published, ~ it should make interesting reading, and perhaps assist in the framing of future agricultural policies.
We quoted recently in _ these columns the reference in the Gordon Commission report on Canadian
Agriculture to subsistence farming
in-this Province, in connection with the new policies: Premier Shaw is adopting to improve production methods. He is revamping the Pro- vincial Department of Agriculture
_to this end,’ broadening its activities
and bringing it into closer contact with our farmers individually as well as through their farm organiz- ations.
When the industry has been rais- ed to.a profitable level there will be no difficulty in defining what a “farmer” is,- or in keeping him in fulltime employment on the farm. That is where he belongs, and where
Britain and the United States which. may fill the bill. The results wou!d be helpful in determining how ac- curately underground explosions can be distinguished from earthquakes and at what distance detection cen- tres would need to be established.
If the Russians are sincere about reaching an agreement, it is difficult to see how they can reject this pro-
* posal. And pending the underground
experiments, it should be possible to reach agreement on halting at- ‘mospheric tests. These are the tess to which the rest of the world objects most vigorously because they pollute the air with radioactive fallout.
As things stand, the United States and Britain have extended their voluntary suspension of nuclear testing to the.end of the year, and Soviet Russia has said it will not conduct tests so long as the western powers do not. But such an arrange- ment is too uncertain. A binding agreement needs to be reached, and acceptance of the British proposal would-go some way in achieving this vend.
EDITORAL NOTES
Unless events force a_ change, Parliament expects to reconvene at Ottawa during the first two weeks
on January 15.
* * *
of January. The last session convened-
Yet these problems may perhaps be less difficult to solve than pol- . itical problems, for these are sur- rounded by a maze of special in- terests, and are further confused by passion and prejudice.
What is the overall pattern in
way in sponsoring the evolution of the purely African territories from dependent status to com- plete independence. By bringing Ghana into existence. Britain set the seal of recognition on the le-
| gitimate aspirations of African
nationalism.
The year 1959 has seen the advance to regional self-govern- ment of Northern Nigeria, last of the three Nigerian regions to -ac- hieve that status. and in October 1960 the whole Federation of Ni- geria will achieve independer’e.
London next year.
TOWARDS SELF-GOVERNMENT Britain faces a more difficult
Starting next Monday, Britons will be able to acquire a variety of North American goods previ- vusly denied them. But there won't be a sudden boom in-sales.
The government's relaxation of import controls on virtually all products from the dollar area, announced Wednesilay, has done away with quota restrictions on their entering the country. But it
May. She will then perform the
Kariba Dam project, which may
This will be an important stage
‘will have a major role to play.
West Africa, Britain has led the |
i than racial | The hope is there will be a steady in |
The future of Sierra Leone willy be considered at a — in”
)
ae
Emergent Africa — . By Austen Kark ‘ United Kingdom Information Service
Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mo- ther is to visit the Federation of
munities. The crux of the pro- blem lies in the wide disparity between the different races and tribes in education, ‘ experience, political and social ideas, and economic standards and tradi- tions.
Briefly, what Britain !s< trying to do is to lead these societies towards self-government by ob- taining a general acceptance that
-- each community has a right to
stay and to make its own ‘dis- tinctive contribution to the coun- try’s future; by developing. the re- sources of the country as national
Land not sectional assets; by Tais-
rica are tremendous—calling for | ‘> the educational
and ial standards of: the less advanced communities,-and by. introducing
= a forms of government..
In some territories. the advance towards this partnérship be- tween these diverse communities has been done bv creating elec- torates in which the right to vote is limited to those with certain economic or educational qualifi- cations. In some again, the active working of Ministers of different races in the Colonial Government has encouraged non-racial rather political grounings.
evolution towards a future whicH feelings of race and tribe
| will be submerged by those of
loyalty towards a single nation.
IN EAST AFRICA
East Africa has already gone some way in this direction. In Tanganyika. there is a Legisla- tive Council which contains 16 Af-
ticans as compared with only four }same five years ago. Thirty of
its 53 members ‘ten Europeans, ten Asians. and ten Africans) have been elected. by qualitative
problem in those territories where | franchise on a common electo- generations of peoples of non- | rate roll on which each voter was African origin (Asians, Arabs and | Europeans) have made their, can. one Asian and one European
homes beside the African com-
U.K. Controls Relaxed
By Ed. Simon i e Canadian Press Staff Writer
required to vote for one Afni-
candidate.
tiles but retention of protective tariffs is likely to limit im- ports, although) Britain's prosper- ous teen-agers may be willing to splurge on North Amarican styles ia clothing. British dress manu tucturers were among the first to protest against removal of the -ontrols.
The announcement on dollar
A committee has consid- ering the size a mposition of the Legislative cil, the tri- partite voting system and‘ with- in the frame work of a qualita- tive franchise) the need for chan- ges in the present electoral qual- ifications: its report. is at pre- sent under consideration.
In Kenya there are 25 African:
iin a Legislative Council of 91.
Five years ago there were eight in a Council of S4. There are places for two Africans in the Council of Ministers, though only one has been taken up. Voting is by racial communities, with the Africans on a qualitative franchise. a
Kenya will eventually achieve responsible self - government through institutions which will serve the proper rights and in- terests of all the different com- munities withih abroad demo- cratic framework.
In Uganda, 3 Africans today sit in a Legislative Council of
- Five 3 ; 2 in a Council of 5%. A commit- tee is studying the possibility of direct elections on a common roll, which the government hopes to introduce in 1961.
BENEFTTS OF FEDERATION The most complex situation, however, is in Central Africa, where the Federation of Rhod- esia and Nyasaland, created in| 1953. comprises the self-covern- | ing territory of Southern Rhodesia | with {ts relatively large Euro- pean minority. and Northern Rho- desia with its relatively large European. minority, and Northern Rhodesia and Nysaland—with largely African Pooulations — which are Protectorates for which
| Britain retains ultimate respon-
sibility.
The founding of the Federation has conferted economic and so- cial benefits on the three ‘terri- tories as a-whole—African earn- ings, for instance, have risen by €5 per cent—and particularly on the smallest, poorest and most ‘populous of them—Nyasaland—
| where .Federation has been fol-
lowed by a dramatic increase in expenditure on health and educa-
| tion.
imports, combined’ with similar
inoves affecting Europe and other countries, is the fourth step within a year towards liberaliz- ing Britain's economic relations with the outside world.
A similar move wide range of dollar consumer coods went into effect last May. Early this month, the govern- racnt removed limits on expendi- iure by tourists abroad. And the
pound was made convertible on “aon-resident accounts last Dec- ember. -
‘ed, he probably should attend Lechool. Of course his teacher
As far as discipline is concern- ed, it is all right child but never so severely that it might. precipitate a seizure. What apoqt his chances of »m- ployment as he grows older??
CAN COMPETE
Well, this sometimes is a oroblem. However, when an epileptic can keep his attacks un- cer control through medication ne usually can compete with most _healthy persons for mos positions. a
As in the case of the school child, the employer of an epilep- tie should be to:1 of the condi- tion This’ will aid the employee, as well as the employer, since the former can be pleced in the job best suited for him ;
MILITARY DUTY i
Epilepsy does not automatical- ly rule a victim out of mili- iary Service If the condition can be controlled, as it can in tne vast majority of cases, he may usually serve in non-combat duty
Life insurance policies probab ly will present problems to epil- eptics Although some companies accept such clienis, the premiums charged are - usually higher ‘han average :
QUESTION ‘AND ANSWER
Mary: Can you tell me if, when both parents have blue ~ eves,
punish a |;
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© IN TUSCANY
Tne_ white majestic oxen yoked at dawn
for ploughing, dumb forgiveness in their eyes:
Without a weed the mountain plots of green.\
The patterned vine sluiced and pruned,
and olive,
As neat as knitting, and by inches won
From immemorial ravages of war:
Children in frugat smocks and early smiles ; Awaiting transport te their scat-
tered schools;
Meals at the farm. the topic al- ways work,
Its moral scrolling even their “play of art, . s
The beautiful. winefiagon laced with straw:
Earn sleep by sleepless labour with the hoe; :
Then the cool sundown and the balcony moon,
’The heart- and mind at peace above the world—
There,to grave harmonies of mountain-dak,
Rome in her early, simple gran deur spoke, .
itt
4J. Davies: vice-president,
to say.—Ottawa
John Philpot Curran 1817). the Cork born forensic ora- prized a large house. A friend that it was pecoming a danger; ts roots might damage the bu 'd- ing, and two or three rooms were tooked quietly murmured: tahing down the house.”’— Digest ’ Dublin
OUR YESTERDAYS
(From the Guardian Files)
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Nov. 9, 1934)
Mr: Justice Arsenault return- ed from. Ottawa last evening |where fie attetided the meeting: of the Canadian Asso ciation of Tourist and Publicity iureaux and Canadian « Travel Bureau. Mr. Arsenzult states that
Canadian Travel Bureau and the
*ourist season next year should ve a banner one.
The new mimster. Rev. J.T. Payne, recently appointed to take charge of the work in the Church of England parishes of Cherry Valley afid- Georgetown, conduc-
uing service Capiain J. Morris ved the two parishes for the oast sandy Cove, N.S.
TEN YEARS AGO (Nov. 9, 1949) A community film council was forrfied last week in Kensington by seven local orgenizations. Two
make up the council and the of- ficers include: President, Rev. S. Mrs. Lewis Murray: secretary. Mrs. Carrie Kennedy; treasurer, Jos- cpn Davison. ..
The new Boy Scout Hall in Borden which has been donated for this purpose by Scout Mas- ver A.P. Ceretti was formally op
ened last evening by His Honour Lt. Governor J.A Bernard. The ceremony Was ativended by Maj. Gen. D.C. Spry. chief , executive commissioner of the Boy Scout
eyes of vice versa?
Answer: Blye - eyed may have. a brown-eyed child Some ‘previous ancestor miy have had brown eyes and this recessive characteristic appears in a subsequent generation
NEWSPAPER MAN DIES
parents
MONTREAL (CP)—Paul Noel |
de Tilly, 45, treasurer and execu- |
tive board-member of the news- paper Le Petit Journal, died Fri-
in the N.Y. Herald Tribune
a threeday visi to this -prov-
- FEDERATION OF AGRICULTURE
COUNTY
affecting a>
say Born in’ Montreal, Mr de Tilly was educaied- at Bourget College and the University of Montreal He was a member of the executive board of the revue commerce as eli as of the | French - language weekly Petit
\ The burro proved .a superd ireight carrier in the mountains and deserts of the New Worid. Surefooted. dutable, ~ patient, hearty, indifferent to diet, and amazingly strong, it lived vah- ant episodes in the winning of the West. The burro discovered many a vital waterhole.
What: the burro never did, though. was lose its stubborness. A Mexican hit song of a few vears back was entitled, “My Little Burro Doesn't Want to Go,”’ and theré is no doiibt vhat the burro has geceatly enriched ‘ne language of many who have had to deal with it
Mexico remains the land of the burro: There is a saying that there\is no place in Mexico where
burro.
Journal His wife and three séns~ survive : ae
you cannot see a mountain—or a
\
a
4
Queens—Thursday,
. be in attendance.
ANNUAL MEETINGS
| -Prince—Tuesday, Nov. 10— «°c Summeriea Restaurant, S'side East
Pownal Hall, Pownal. Kings—Friday, Nov. \ Montague High School. Speakers on Fire Fighting, Civilian Defence, Farm Credit, Fruit and Vegetable Production and on County Federation Programs in Nova Scotia will
\ Resolutions accepted from 1 the floor. Take part in- shaping policy for agriculture.
Do not miss these meetings.
ince.
Nov. 12—
13—
annual ,
with the added activity of the. continent wide advertising, the
aon
ted his first service in Che-ry’ Valley Sunday last. At the eve-
was the preacher. He has ser-
year ‘and will leave shortly for ~
representatives from each group. _
‘
a -his experience and ability are of “ most value to the community, the province and the country. An ob-
hasn't affected customs duties, aomestic taxes. and shipping charges which may price some of the more expensive articles out of the British market. ;
ba iit Yemen IONS | Burro Holds HistOwn - - £4
National Geographic Seciety.
On his European tour, -President Eisenhower will be received in official.
~s ¢
ie
‘ : j
[ CONGRATULAT
jective of this kind is one of the most important that any government could
audience at the Vatican by Pope John on December 6. This will be an
There is small need for the
A case in point is the Amert fhere ‘ expression of woe in the eyes
ecan-made automobile which has
tahe life as it comes, which doubtless accounts for its long
MARK GAUDET, SUMMERSIDE |
undertake. «| historie occasion, but not a unique | to cope with a 50-per-cent pur- | an American turro. He. never | and strikingly successful history one. si 7 r chase tax on all motor cars, | #ad it so good. Man probably tamed donkeys Newfoundland Pro osal sp President W oodrow Wilson domestic and foreign, on top of | True, the burro has an imper-| in the New Stone Age, some 12,- : ‘ p visited Pope Benedict XV in 1919. ts high cost of transport and | Sonal enemy—canners -of pet | 000 years ago: no one could esti- We are proud to have been chosen to supply and install the
Noted in these columns recently was the fact that the Canadian’ Chamber of Commerce policy com- mittee had rejected a resolution put forward by Newfoundland asking for
* a rationalization of the country’s |
* * *
It is cheering to note that Can- ada’s ‘surplus of dried skim milk— 64,200,000 pounds in government- held stocks at March 31—has melt- ed away under world demand. Some
ood. But®Califovria forbids She killing of burros, and Congress iecently passed legislation pro- nibiting the use of aircraft and motor vehicles in hunting our- ros—and mustangs—on Federal land. An estimated, 5,500 to 13,000 burros run wild in the West.
Moreover, ine soft-eyed, mild-
substantial import -duty. Ameri- ©aa exporters have never suc- ceeded: in filling the quota al- owed them under the old regul aiions.
Similar factors “are likely to “prevent a flood of imports of American - style washing ma- shines, air conditioners and re-
mate the myriad gallons water and cords of wood they ve carried since then. Donkeys: were about when Egyptians were put- iing up the pyramids.
The progenitor of the domes- tic donkey is believed to have been the African wild ass. A few cf the species (Eauus asinus) still
of -
complete refri
i
equipment and the automatic check-
outs for this fine new “Save Easy” Super Market.
| STOREY ELECTRIC
tariff structure. We suggested that | offers were reported for 12: cents a | "iserators, even though their Sender creeks i = exist in the Sudan Abyssinia, and 3 s counterparts are scarce on the | »helland pony as a or ¢ Somaliland. They are big and . ° the Chamber could perform a more | pound, two cents more than the 10- | jomestic market. dren. Mexico exvorts many bur- | jusky with gray or ashy upper | ff \ Accredited. Suppliers for
valuable service by instituting an inquiry of this kind than by spon- soring movements for a “distinctive” Canadian ;f!ag or national anthem. whatever that means.
The St. John’s Daily News also expresses regret that the resolution was turned down. “All the New- foundland delegation proposed,” it
_’ gays, “was ‘a scientific study of tar-
iffs with a view of reducing rates to the point where the genius and ability of the Ganadian manufacturer
may ‘be used, without prejudice to himself, to the Best advantage of
cent support price the government
maintained from May 1 until it end-
ed the support program on Sept. 30. ~~ » ”
In contrast to this Province, New Brunswick reports a gratifying de- crease this year in the number of deaths on the highways. To the end of September there were 75, com- pared with 117 in the ‘same period ‘last year which was indeed.an appall- ing record. One reason for the decline is attributed to recent legislation
| way deaths mandatory,
which made inquests into the high-
a
ros to the U.ited States each year. Tt is’ ble to order a pet burro from mail-order houses in Chicago for less than $100.
Tae burro ean be pest as well as pet, however. Where burros have turned to’ the wild, they of- ten overgraze land and take over water holes. More timid animals are driven from their usual aaunts,
Unlike the mus'ang, also hunt- <a for pet food, burros are not hreatened with extinction. Major ‘oncentrations of feral burios ive the easy life along the Col orado River from Utah to the Mexican border and in the -tg- sed desert count-y of southeast- crn Califortiiae. Taey thrive even ip Death Valley.
The burro, or donkey, seems to
Domestic and European com- petition will affect some cther items. Britain's fast-growing ar- ‘ificial fabrics industry is gener- ally considered capable of coping with transatlantic competitors and German cameras ate likely «o outsell American makes.
SALMON FREED ‘
One of the outstanding items to be freed, and the only one likely te be of the greatest benefit to Canada, is fresh and frozen sak mon. With restrictions on canned calmon removed earlier in the sear, the new measure restores a lucrative market’ to Canada’s west coast fishing industry.
Some concern is felt by Brit ain’s lagging cotton and wool pro-
over relaxations ig tea
parts, a dart stripe down the vack, and genev-ally a shoulder stripe and variable striping on tne Tegs.
In the donkeys striping lies story. Commonly the back stripe and tansverse form a cross. AS a donkey bore Christ on his
triumphal entry into Jérusalem, |-
legend says the marking is a sym- hol of its Biblical mission.
COMES TO NEW WORLD
The small gray donkey came to the West with the Spanish Con- quistadors. .t hauled loads for Cortes in the land of Montezurra, vulled silver from mines, and ser ved the Spanish padres who built missions im ’Caiicornia. and che Southwest. The donkey arrived with ite Spanish name, burre.
5 s~ ad
[HusSsma a Refrigeration Equipment i _ SAVE REFRIGERATE THE ISLAND” =
Save Easy ~ Lucky Dollar Store
~ DISTRIBUTORS FOR
To
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