i broth the Journal, the threat from substi-

PAGE roux

one GUARDIAN.

CI-IARLOTTETOWN

THE GUARDIAN

Department, Ottawa. Tho Inland Guardian E'ubllIbln; 00.

President and Auocloto Iedltor, Inn A uuroett. Auociato ldloor. Frank Walker.

CIRCULATION "Coven Prince Edward Island like the dew"

"The Strongest Memory is weaker than the Weakest ink".

CKAIIDTTITOWN, TUESDAY. APRIL 1. I952

llargantuan Budgeting

I As indicated in commenting on last year's Public Accounts, our budgetary figures have assumed such huge proportions that it is difficult, in the old phrase. to see the wood for the trees. The budget presented by Hon. Mr. Darby in the Legislature last night exceeds all its gargantuan predeces- sors. It anticipates another debt increase of over a million and a quarter dollars, brin:;- ing our net debt up to nearly nineteen mil-

this is

butter sales but also from a gradual de- mand that imported oils be allowed in other dairy products. Things are further com- plicated for many in the distributing end by a trend towards less butter-fat: in milk, store sales at lower prices, and modified delivery schemes. The Journal concludes:

"Consumers today are inclined to be highly critical. They see a chance for low- er prices. But as Mr. Gilbert McMillan, president of the Dairy Farmers of Canada remarked. the three-quarter-billion-dollar Canadian dairy industry affects the lives of so many thousands of people in Canada that any permanent depression would be very serious and far-reaching."

EDITORIAL NUIIES

A new month opens with a day of comic

reputation. l O

I O

. The Legislature will be occupied with glile Budget today.

Fixing Two Birds With On

e Stone

Many here will regret the death of Sir

lions by March 1953 Over against Io.-Xndrew Duncan who proved to be a good

the anticipated surplus on ordinary account. of 3867.399 and substantial expansion of; the services in all the major departments, of government. The figures are gone into; fully by Mr. Darby and can be studied in the, report of his speech in today's issue. They, will probably leave some of our readersl gasping.

The expenditures, of course. must bci weighed against our increasing revenucs.; which Mr. Darby hopes to see maintained: over the next five years at the currentl level of 357,300,000. The comparative posi-it tion of debt and revenue, he argues, is still, not disproportionate-the one about ' that of the other. Our bonds have sold wclii in the United States and the interest rate; on our total bonded indebtedness is actually? a fraction lower than it was in 1946. All this is very well, but it is predicated, as Mr. Darby concedes. "on keeping further can- ital projects at a minimum and, of course. the exercise of strict economy in all; branches of governmental activity." How the first of these objectives is to be attain- ed. even if the latter is possible of achieve- nient. he does not say. Our capital commit- ments have gone up by leaps and bounds in recent years. and there is no apparent end in sight.

The question resolves itself once more, into the old one of fiscal need. and of the Federal Government's obligations under the terms of Confederation which have never adequately been implemented. In the mean- time let us hope that the new tax agree- ment will measure up to Mr. Darby's cal- culations, and that in view of the heavy debt burdens we have incurred. every reas- onable opportunity will be taken by the; Government to practise the economy if? preaches.

4..

Tax Exemptions

it is a platitudc but nevertheless true that the most unpopular tax is frequently the fairest. The most familiar example is the contrast between direct and indirect taxes. Because the individual knows exact- ly how much he is paying in the form of Income Tax there is much more opposition to it than to various forms of sales and ex- cise taxes which are concealed in the price of goods. The Inconle Tax. however, is graduated so that the heavier load is car- ried by those with high incomes while on the contrary indirect taxes bear most heav-N ily on those in more moderate circumstan- ces, particularly those with a large family.

'In the same way in the Income Tax field the most popular form of relief is to raise the amount of personal exemption, but this process is much less favorable to the low income group than to the wealthy. Thus an additional basic exemption of 31000 means a saving of 5515 to the lowest taxable income but the same exemption provides re- lief to the extent of p350 to those with in- comes exceeding 510,000.

llalry Problems

The serious situation confronting the dairy industry is the subject of comment in the Ottawa Journal. As a result of the ban on cattle exports, plus good feed supply and a considerable amount of young stock coming along, there is a general feeling that more milk will be available this year. If there are surpluses in any dairy product few export markets are available as costs here are somewhat higher than in other dairy export countries. So far there is no cheese contract with the United Kingdom. the market which traditionally took the huge surplus of early Summer milk. Add to this the fact that several million pounds of cheese are and will be imported, mainly from New Zealand, a country of lower-cost dairy products.

Althmuh little was said about it at the recent National Dairy Council meeting.

looms over most of the industry. this

friend of the Maritimes when he headed successfully two Royal Commissions on' Mines and Maritime Rights respectively.

0 O O

The Islanders are unfortunately out of the play-offs for hockey championship, but to their credit they have a long record of well-fought both won and lost matches. It was the worst of luck to have a goal from their own side to he the deciding score Sat- urday night. '

O O 0

It is a distinction well earned and de- served for Mr. R. W. Lockhart of Kensing- ton. to be appointed manager of the all- important airport of Prestwick from which air traffic between Scotland and the U. S. and Canada flows. Apart from that of London, it is the nlost important interna- tional station in the Old Country.

I I 0

archist. by taste and convictioll. he bitterly opposed various proposed constitutions which he regarded as revolutionary move- ments. and kept Germany at peace till William ll dropped him as "pilot".

Trades and Labor Congress of Canada has appointed Mr. Hal C. Banks, interna- tional vice-president of Seafarers Interna- tional Union of North America (AFL) and Canadian director of the Union, as its rep- resentative on the Canadian Maritime Com- mission. Mr. Banks will be a member of the labor advisory committee.

Now that President Truman has given his decision not to seek re-election, the Dem- ocrats are at a loss for a popular candidate. What counts in the choice is not only the man himself, but the support he can claim from the powers-that-be in the Party. The most likely seems to be Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, who, so far, has de-

clined the honour.

O O 0

New Brunswick Legislature is consider- ing a recommendation of allowing the shoot- ing of foxes and raccoons anytime in the year. and has approved of a request that the ban on colouring of butter substitutes be continued and the use of dairy products in the manufacture of such substitutes be prohibited.

If. is noteworthy that while the Govern- ment is negotiating for 100 German im- migrants to work on farms, no fewer than 300 of our young men have applied for jobs in Labrador. The attraction for our em- igrants is the higher pay offered. All the more reason why advantage should be ta- ken of the C. N. R.'s offer to expand their employment at good rates of pay for bus and garage services and keep our young men at home.

I

The death yesterday of Mr. J. P. Croc- kett removes from our business world one who was well and favourably known in the three counties. as he had spent his business career in Summerside, Montague and Char- lottetown. Of a genial, kindly disposition, he made hosts of friends who will miss him greatly. As senior partner in the firm of Crockett J: Storey Ltd., he shared in the building up of a splendid connection which is a household word in the fumlture busi- ness.

Montreal Provincial Police believe they

vember last year of the St. Jerome branch of the Provincial Bank of Canada, in which 60 of its 90 safe deposit boxes were smash- ed open and an estimated 3200.000 stolen. Police claim to have established a link be- tween the robbery and a former employee of the branch now in a foreign country. Rumors Ire that when the arrests are made the identity of those involved will be a shock. They'are said well-known in the

effect, of margarine on

community.

.r

T1

are near a solution to the robbery in No-

” I I , ' Tdsoimcliidigc .s.. an &1h r

9 ah

i I . sf-' 5"”

f

2'

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def?

i)Ul5l.lL' I-URUM

This column is open to the discussion by correspondents of questions of interest. The

pr

13 '&-C

file Age-lllll Story '

i.:iv70-Qnii)-&G!t'mG0sMeGOQ (If

A

6

Bo yo therefore followers

Guardian does not necessar- C d I Mun" Am! Ilv endorse the opinion of '3": 3 i"fl'I;g:hI ' ' '

- - ' p with the un- c""'"p”"d"'"' ifrultful works of darkness, but

Fliilll-IIIAI. l'l'Bl.l(I WORKS

Sir.-Now that the l.lber:il-Con- servailve dclrgation has returned from Ottawa, we understand em-pty-handed. otherwise it woulc have appeared in glaring headlines in the nzwspapers. would it. not be a good idea for members of the Charlottetown City Council. Hon Premier Jones. and His Worship Mayor Stewart and a few others less vmrthy of mention. to lnrk up Senator Giant's letter enlltlm "Charlottctc-wn's Public Buildlng' and read it. again. i

Prince von Bismark. German states- Senator Grant's splendid record man. was born this date 1815. A mo”, of seventern years dealing with public works and other Federal

matters in Ottawa. speaks for it- self and when he xznve tlmcly warning that such a dclrgalion would only be a waste of the tax- payers' money he apparently knew what he was talking nhoul. But. he was lnconslstently called a dictator because he advised that the next Federal Election would be the proper time for the electors of Que'n's County to put their house in order. Calling names is merely on admission of a lost. atrzunlcnt.

We have four Federal members and three senators at Ottawa. all experienced in public affairs, and all constantly pressing the needs of our Province. as requested by the maple. nnd all willing to en- opernte in every way to obtain public -works and other benefits for the Province. but. they cannot. "blast their way" to thrir object- ives when told by the Minister of Public Work: or any other Minist- er that their requests cannot be granted, or have to be postponed.

No other Province in Canada is on fully represrnled in Ottawa as is Prince Edward Island and no other Province fares bettrr at the hands of the Federal Government; and it. is high time that Premier Jones should know that, apart from Federal-Provincial relations. he has no right. to interfere in such Federal matters as are the sole prerogative of the Federal representatives. He should not have allowed himself to he drawn into su:'i an error at this time. lle may claim that the l-ied:ral meni- bers are no good. but they are the choice of the people. which is the essence of democracy.

To sum up the whole matter, it looks like utter folly for outsiders who do not represent the Prov- ince in the House of Commons or Senate to attempt to override 1h.- Fcderal representatives by going to the Ministers after the estimates have been tabled demanding from them large expenditures.

It would be interesting if. at the next session of the provincial Legislature. some member would see fit to ask the Governmcnt to table a statement. of the numbe. of delegations sent. to Ottawa during the past year. the person- nel and purpose of each delegat- ion. together with the cost to the Province. and the results obtnlned in each case.

I am, Sir. etc. TAX PAYER

'.I'llE COMMON SCHOOL

Blr.-There is no such thing as a common school. It. in the most unique and amazing entity ever assembled: but the teacher must. have the power to comprehend the capabilities of his pupils. Above all. he needs faith, and faith is insight. for. before him in each child In a mine of ponlbllttles to be explored and developed. All the teacher is. and all he has, must be devoted to his took.

On autumn evening as the sun no not." , I went into my school room and at at. my desk. The was empty and very still. set there'and pondered. I III In! ourlh no and coottcrlru each to meeting the Irl urogo, the problems with intelligence. and the future with faith; and I made I new resolve that by the grace ofoodtwouldtccohthooeboys and girls the deeper meaning of I would try to put their foot command- Vut into tliilr hands the-light of truth that would guide their stops to the end of their days

It no iny privilege to re teaching in that school four . I never worked harder baton

malntuml

rather remove them. . . . Where- fnro he saith. Awnke than that sleep:-st, nnd uriso from the (loud, and Christ shall give thee light.

no complaint. The fun 1 had, the good will of the pupils and the gratitude of the parents were ample compensation. Of course I could have used some more money, for when I set. out. for Dalhcusle all I had was my three month's pny cheque of 556.35.

Every day brought. new oppor- tunities. My school improved. Every pupil did, and. most of all. I did. In two year's time the in- spector put. our school on the honour list. I can never be thank- ful enough for the teaching I got in that school. I learned how to get. the most. and the best. out of my children. I found out that pupils respond to trust and to kindness. Dally I said. ”I must not. fail these boys and girls." I did not realize it clearly at the time. but as I look back I am conscious that I did not fall them. My regret. ls, that with greater faith in God and warmer love for these children I could have sent them out better prepared for life

My memory of those pupils is honey sweet. It. seems to me I would give the world just. to go back for one day and meet. those boys and girls in school as they were then. Many of them have run their course and are gone from this world. The rest are married and have families. May God keep them! I feel keenly that there is something surpris- ingly wonderful about a primary school. and the privilege of tench- lng there is one of the highest given to man.

I am, Sir. etc.. W. I. GREEN, Stanley Bridge.

AN EXACTING PROFESSION

T. "We need great hearts to make great schools.

Who speak the truth with voice and pen.

Not doubting synlcs. shouting fools

But nobic women and clean men. We must have teachers who will

teach.

But law and justice, right, not rules.

However high our roofs may reach.

We need great. souls to make great schools."

How true! We need (real cool: to make great schools.

we would regard it an unthink- able to permit a man to practise medicine unless he was qualified to do so. and the "minimum" qualification we require of a doc- tor in that he possess a degree from a reputable medical school. But. no such lnhlbltlon prevents us from letting untrained people into the teaching profession. We are an efficient country in many rc- spects. Our industrialists spare no expense to guarantee that the mechanical equlpme t of their factories ls supervised and man- aged with the maximum of ex- pert. sklll. Yet. we have no hesitation in tumlng over the edu- cation of our children to un- qualified persons. many of whom enter the teaching profession as o atop-gap while waiting for something better to come up.

It is true that a good teacher never receive: the salary he is really worth and I poor teacher is expensive at a very low salary. It is equally true that a good teacher can so inspire a child. that the whole course of a child's life is changed. While on the other hand. a poor teacher can nfect

his pupils with a hatred of eam- pa

inc. and can stifle their imagina- tions. and give them such poor work habits. that they will never have the opportunity .of gaining even material luoceu.

Good teaching is one of the most difficult. exacting and arduous talks a human being can perform. To teach well. requires an

,lnaoxpenaoofomaoorwomon'n

spirit. what a crime to permit young and immature Itudcn . one your beyond Grade X. wt

in: the wool. threshing with the nail, and cutting with the IIQII.

sin, a not innoiaaiiil J-..".'.7't.'.”.l.3,'i..i fiiai". von

WhoonP.l.I.would totbaodsyn

ITIIE LONG WINTI-Ill

We heard the dove. It inOlll”ll

In distant voice from woods be- yond.

And all that morning watched the

daybreak

sun Gllnt on thin glass that paned the pond.

March still held. The windy uorld starved lack. (Torus rurled, only a few birds were back

But.

upon hurls

Still the season's

The were lmvard

And

And these lvrre silent. So the day.

A hybrid. shlvered while it shone

Then d-wlndlerl down. and wore away.

And dropped its dark on us alone.

We sought the house and m: not hearth-

Too soon for any bird to sing-- And heard. frcm under iced-in earth The hylas chime Spring.

-Carleton Drewry in York 1-lerald. What To Wear In Bed , tThe Times Londonl The human cocoon. snugly curl- ed up in bed on a winter's night, is heir to ages of progressive ingenu- lty The comfort and luxury that wrap him round would seem a dream out of "Scheherazade' to his ancestors. They shlvered in straw or stifled in picposleruun golleons with four poets heavy cur- talns and a substratum of feathers. He lies between a mattress lprung with cunning and light. warm and costly collection of sheets. blankets and eldei-down. so pampered is he that failing to count his blessings. he hankers after electrically heated bedclothes and. in advanced ,cnes of hedonlsm for silk pyjamas. What. few people would have expected of him is that he still some times pre- fers nlghtahlrts to pyjamas The older garment has always held its own against the newcomer from the east with women. but even they are fickle in their loyalty and pre- fer. ln large numbers to go to bed in two-piece suits. Now there is news of men once more roblng themselves for sleep as did that culprit in Tom Brown? Schooldays who was caught. by an usher dis- uortlng himself in his nlghtshlrt After this it will scarcely be nur- prlsfmz to wake up one morning and find pictures in the papers of 1 sales rush for nlghlcaps. Fashions for this end of the day have always been fluid. Kings and queens in illuminated manuscripts or the Middle Ages wear crown: in bed but nothing else. For centuries the general rule seems to have been either to take everythlnv off for the night or to keep cvervthlng on. Then somewhere about Tudor times. special kit was popularis- ed. There is the storv of I page who saw Queen Elizabeth looking out of a window "in her nygbt stuffe" and. in the way of court discipline. got "a great phyllyp on the forehead." Uutll Europe took up pyjamas they were-as they still are among t i w.t.hout I top part and they are either as baggy an an elephant! trouser: or elegantly Light. The west. in adopt- ing them. went through teething troubles over their spelling as may still be seen from the American preference for "pajamas." Thack- eray's gallant. Mayor Oahuul tn- cludcd anions his remarkable Id- vertures the stripping from a corpse of its "peljammahs." Another traveller rejoiced In red silk "pel- junaha" trimmed with gold lace and I third apparently root: on pronunciation as well as spelling plumpcd for "plnmouhs." If nlghtshlrto no staging a cue- ceuful come-book they will con- tribut: to nloty as well as to cool-

llke throats of

the Ncw

emu nutunl out I flro would have read better and been- mm-. photogenic had they paraded in their nlchlabiru.

thin. that if teacher-training h reduced at '-P.W.0. it will be the children who will suffer.

O

This in the title of an old book which I included in my winter's reading. It was written by a man named Diokerman and published in Philadelphia in 1070. It is most interesting to go through ouch a work mo pages in all) if only to compare customs and practices of that day with our own. Like most other books of the period it ll Kw- ei-ously supplied with engraving! which add considerably to its in- terest. The preface takes up (our pages and the detailed table of con- tents in Ipreod over nine more. There is I farmer's Calendar which relates at Brent. '1en8t-h specific farm operations for every month In the year. Th " 12

"HOW TO MAXI. I'll!

'AP'RIL' I. 1952 The Passing Scene It Observer

FARM PA)!”

I .'

time " Iworrby the ox. The nu. tbor himself, however. was all (or the mule and he gives facts and Ilium to explain his preference:

to) A two year old mule 1. stronger than I four year old horse.

lb) save: at least. one (ourth in feed.

pic) seldom runs away.

(d) Rarely breaks harness.

(e) Not. as subject to Alckneu and less dainty about food.

(1) Wu introduced to Amer-lu by George Washington, so he "must." be good.

Diseases to which the horse in subject are apparently um”. without. number. for fifty pages

A long chapter entitled Family Physician" tells how to treat. every ill from teethlnz in- flamatlon to apoplexy. Forty-five pages are devoted to "Family Re- cipes" and these are of every con- celvable type and quality. Good soft soap, spruce beer. tripe at.ew.I tooth powder. are some of the choice ones. There is quite an eta-I boratc paragraph captioned, "washing made easy for poor, tir- ed women." Among other things it! tells how to wash red flannel: with thoroughness. and dispatch.

Mlany farmers then. ll now. -were, apt. to be wary of "0XP9l"J" M10, wrote books about forming. A large pan. of the preface to occu- pied in trying to break down thlsi prejudice. In a lontence lull of meaning the author laments that "only a small proportion of the great body of farmers have adopt- ed the advanced position in mod-I ern agriculture." His emphasis on 'modernl agriculture is of course amusing to a present day reader” just an aim will be to those who come after us. Chemical fertilizers were unknown. The only additions to barn yard manuren, muck. and wood-ashes. were Peruvian Guano and bone dust. Tile first the au- thor regards as generally prohibi- tive in price and therefore of lit.- tle use to the average former.

for bone dust. as it. was then being turned out by the fac- tories, his advice was, "Never buy the wretched stuff." In his considered opinion the home madci article was superior in every way. This was the way to do it:

"Get. a molasses b ' ad, cov- er the bottom with muck and this with five inches of wood ashes. In- to this throw all bones from the kitchen-and any that small boys; can collect for you at ten cents, per bushel. Over the bones put more ashes. then muck. then plas- fer. wet the mass now and then with soap suds. when you have a large quantity. get them crushed. An ordinary grain mill with a team of horses will grind 1000 pounds per hour."

A note il appended to the ef- fect. that a hundred pounds of bones contain 'enough phosphate :5 lime for 12 thousand pounds of

ay.

Much of the advice concerning proper coll culture. including plow- mg in of cover crops. the use lime and compost, might have been written this momlng. Apparently opinion in such matters does not change much from one generation to another.

An unusually intriguing mues- tton concerned the use of soap. "In a barrel of good soap." he writes. "there is enough eertlllser to pro- duce a half ton of good hay or several bushels of choice grain. After this soup bu been through the wash tub it in more valuable than before." (This "may" have been the first. rumbling of modern stolmo lmown by most. of us as Soap Opera: and by the C. B. C. in its charity. on Daily serials). The loop he had in mind was, of course of the home made variety. A foot.-note tells how to make it properly. From the list of ingred- ients I gather it. was nothing at. all like the kind that Hollywood stars rave about:

too

The "modern" machinery de- scribed by Mr. Dlckerman in a far cry from that of our day, but to him and his colleagues it. no doubt iopiuented tremendous improve- men over the "old days." And in the year 2000 farmers will wonde how their brothers of 1952 got along as well as they did, connld-I ering the crude tool: they had to work with.

So far at power was cwiccrned in Mr. Dlckeimanb time, the argu- ment wn three-aided, involving the ox. the horse. and the mule. Horus. apparently. were In the ascendancy although some "old

01 who pretended

are devoted to them. covering ev- 01'?!-hing irom corn to ear-ache. Bleeding is the standard pi-escnp. tlon for almost every ailment but there are other choice remedies for one thing and another. To lllus. irate:

"For Insect Poison .. half in inf of whiskey and a teaspoonfulpof harishorn internally and a wuh of the name externally." (I hope no one Will be tempted. to umpig harlshom as a beverage. Perhaps I shouldn't. have mentioned it). MEW0 Md Pieces of information

(I) AD0Dlexy is the most com. mon cause of death in horses. and the average farmer hardly ever recoznlzea it. ,

(2) For wheezlnc. epilepsy, in. Emily. there is no known cure in the present state of science.

t-9023-to-sec-mdagg Old Charlottetown (And r. s. r. )

MEMBERS -INDEMNITIEB

The following excerpt from 'iNt reports of the Legislative Council of April 15. 1845. which appeared in this column three years ago. is republished at the request of I subscriber who suggests that it is more opportune at this time:

"The House being in committee on the Appropriations Bill. Hon. Mr. McNutt said he thought the pay provided in the bill of E30. besides mileage, to each of than members of the Assembly. much too high. It. was formerly con- slderably less. and as this Seulon had been shorter than usual. they ought to have been contented with E20. He (Mr. McNutt) considered that sum quite sufficient; and he would move that the President take the Chair. and that the Chair- man report progress. and recom- mend that a conference he asked with the Assembly on the Bill.

"I-Ion. Mr. McDonald would sec- ond the motion of his hon. friend. He considered the appropriation in this Bill of :30 to each member of the Assembly a most extrav- agant. iniquitous and shameful grasping of the public funds, by I body whore immediate duty was to protect them; the money of the country was lavished by them. as if it abounded as the land of the sen-shore. Those gentlemen to be I0 much the friends of the country had not hesitated to put their hand: into the public purse. nod to distribute its contents Among themselves. whilst they left the hard-used juror. the poor farmer from the

country, to attend the County Court: for weeks together, at their own charges, where they

were obliged to live in a way most inconvenient to their com- fort, and prejudicial to their in- terests. But these gentlemen, the members of the Assembly, were not even contented with a sum sufficient to keep them in a mod- erate style of living, for they had voted to themselves a sum nearly equal to If in day each, a much larger rum than was required to provide them with every neces- sity: yes fluid the hon. gentle- man) and with pipe: and tobacco to boot!

"I-Ion. Mr. Young moved that the reporter leave out the pipe: and tobacco."

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