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PAGE 4 TUESDAY. JULY 22. 1958.

Britain's Difficult ChOIce It is significant that the British Labour Party, while criticising the Macmillan Government’s action in sending British troops into Jordan” frankly concedes the latitude given for such action under international law. Opposition Leader Hugh Gaitsi kil] noted that the Jordan Govern- ment hadappealed. to both Britain and the United States under Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. “None of us in any"qUar'ter of the " House,” he said, “would. deny that there are circumstances in which, in the event of armed attack, it is right and proper and fully justifiable not only for the government of a coun- try that is attacked,» but for their allies, to go to the defense and as- sistance of the country attacked even before the matter has been re- ferred to the Security Council.” V Mr. Gaitskill accepted the Prime. Minister’s assurance that in this case there was danger of attack of some kind from the outside. He questioned merely whether the Government had acted wisely, or whether it was really vnecessarylto have stepped in ahead g of the UnitedNation's. “‘We regard this latest move-of the deernmen ," I he said, “however sincerely taken; as fraughtflwith the gravest? risks,~ both to our own interests andto the peace of the worl .” ’ ' Prime Minister Macmillan replied that he was well aware of the dani‘ gers involved in the action taken. But had - the Opposition addressed themselves‘sufficiently to the dan- gers that would result from doing nothing? “If there were not any dangers it would not have been so difficult to make this, decision,” he added. “But I” would deny that this is in itself areason why We should not have taken this decision; for in all these matters we have to weigh one set of dangers against another." The great danger, of course, was

to King

that the Soviets would react;,w{i;th..agfi,

cwntemnilitary move, and so involve. both Britain and the United States ' in an interminable struggle. But the

.Western powers have evidently de-

cided that the hour has struck in

which to choose between doing noth-i

ing or seeing not only the Middle

East lost to the free \w0rld but'

eventual ecllapse of all the peripheral;

areas—Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, Saudi ‘ Arabia, and even what ‘is lefit of free

institutions in Asia and Africa. It

was a graVe decision to make; but

it can be said that the more the - _ operationfs‘ucceeds in stabilizing the ' Middle East area the less danger

there will be of a general War.

Stiff Competition ,

Much is being said about the stiff competition Canadian salt fish—f produced mainly in Nonifoundlandi‘ with some operations in Nova Scotia ——is meeting in traditiqhal‘.rhhrkets.' In this connection the following ex"- tracts from a speech delivered in the Senate by the Hon. C. C. Pratt v of Newfoundland may be of interest.

“Our chief competitors in the = foreign markets are: Iceland, Nor- . way, Denmark and France. The various forms of assistance vary with each country, but the general effect on the industry. is not very dissimilar. ’Frarice pays an exorbit- ant subsidy equal to about $3.50 per hundredweiglrt. Norway has various means, of assisting which includes direct subsidies in units of production to fishermen, subsidies to processors and exporters, as well as contribu- tions to cost of fishing gear.

“The United Kingdom, whose product: is used mostly for local con- sumption, has subsidies both for ves: sels on a daily basis of operation and on a. production basis for cod and other ground fish which would ap- proximate $3 per hundredweight' on Our dried weight basis of calculation. Those subsidies are the equivalent of about 30 per cent of the average prices paid to fishermen at points of production in Newfoundland. Den- mark and the Faroe Islands are in the procoss of financing large new fishing boats which will actually be freezing and, processing plants, to v the amount of 37 million kroner, half of which comes from the Marshall Aid Fund.

“Iceland which '3 our leading

competitor, gives, the greatest direct assistance to their fishing fleets. The Icelandic Government pays to owners of trawlers the equivalent of $250 per day for each boat; for trawlers that. produce salted fish sold in competition with our product, $360 per day for each boat. Boats built since 1949 are given an extra subsidy of the equivalent $35 because of higher capital costs. There is also a subsidy toward fuel costs. Sub- sidies for motor-boat fishermen, _ plants and fish as exported go well over the equivalent of $10 million. The total subsidies .in Iceland for , theirfisheries approximated $20 mil- lion in 1957. It seems incredible but ‘ it is a fact that the Icelandic Govern- ! ment has announced direct subsidies for ‘the industry'that in 1958 will bring the total up to approximately 80 per cent of the total value of the

product.” ,, , .,

Free Tracle

There is somethingto be said for Opposition Leader Pearson’s sug- gestion that Canada take the lead in using the? 6-nation European Com- mon Market as a “springboard” to an Atlantic free trade area.- It may not be practicable now; but it may be an‘ attractive idea to keep in mind for the future.

The Govermnent’s view seems to be that While closer trading rela- tions with North Atlantic countries are desirable, 'these can be brought ‘ about outside of the Common Mar- ket formula. This is to suggest 'that '.France, Ita , West Germany, Bel- . gium, the etherlands and Luxem bourg, Once they have completed their plans for a common market, will, notw

American products'out of that area. Should the situation deveIOp in this ‘ way, Canada’s position Will be at least as satisfactory as it is now. But isn’t it a little unusual for a' number bf to band them- selves together a system of pre- ferential'tariffs and then invite out- siders 'to joinin the benefits? Cer- ' tainly, the CommOnwealth system does not workthat way. \ ‘

A In any event, before Canada can take the leadin proposing an Atlan- tic free trade area, serious considera- tiOn have to be given to the free trade .sugge‘s‘tiOn made :by the British Government: last year. We still think that. that'idea = has been treated too

lightly “at. Ottawa:

A. ..-;El)l§lTQ-klAL NOTES

% ' Although” there are no dense forests on this Island, there is a risk of bush which could easily

, out. of control. Every precaution

shbuld‘b’e taken to keep them from breaking but, ‘ ,

] .

‘ i

a

- t t .

‘ Motor-lets who park at a meter \showing “left-over” time will soon " be denied that privilege. ‘A 16 year old youth in South Carolina has patented a device that trips a meter to “violation” as“ soon as a car parks beside it.

at 4 * Word from" Long Island, NY. is " that potatoes, mostly Cobblers, are now moving to market. The, farmers are said to be dissatisfied with .the price whichis around $2.00 per 100 pounds. They are packedmainly in 10 pound bags. Long Island ranks third in potato producing areas in the United States. Maine and Idaho are the two leading areas. ‘ ' i C c i There has been some talk of Canada’s being asked to act as “mediator” in the Middle East crisis. It isn’t likely to pass beyond [the talking stage, however. Nor is ' there much to mediate. The British and Americans have stated that they will withdraw their troops from Jordan and ebanon just as soon as, but‘not “fore, the UnitedNa- tions can guarantee the security of both nations. No mediation by any other country will change that situation. '

l l

4 _ ‘4 *

Mr. H. J. Kennedy’s assurance that the Provincial Exhibition As- sociation would welcome the Mari- time Winter Fair here this year is 'in line with The Guardian’s sug- gestion of Saturday, when news was received that it was proposed to dis- continue the Fair activities in View of the destruction of the buildings at Amherst. Mr. Kennedy says the Exhibition Association would be de- lighted to cooperate, and he speaks for all our Island breeders as well. The absence of heating facilities has been raised as an objection to the Charlottetown proposal, but it is hoped that some mutual arrange- ment can be made as the Fair’s discontinuance, even for one year, would be a severe loss to all con- cerned. V

l

do anything to keep Canadian and -”

file moms ABttlT muse

WARM: mum

J

OTTAWA REPORT

New Emphasis On Science By Patrick Nicholson . ' _ ' Special Correspondent for. The Guardian

OTTAWA — Mr. J. W. Murphy, the Conservative MP. from Star- nia, has repeatedly focussed Per- lia-meut’s attention upon the need to stimulate scientific research in government and industrial cir- cles in Canada. ‘

He has recently brought thik topic forward once again, with a new angle. He has proposed the establishment of annual “Science Fairs,” to be held in as many communities as possible across Canada. At these Parades of Junior Science, the schoolchild- ren entrants will . exhibit their own scientific creationsldevised and constructed by themselves. And in these contests, the child- ren and teenagers will compete for high honourfuture technical training; vacation jobs and ul- timately life jobs, but small im- mediate prizes. .

The new emphasis is on tech- nical and scientific de- velopment. In this we of the free world, and especially we Canad- ians, are lagging .di- str sly be« hind the Russians. 1ft fiyfitfiter day we see new examples of the international advantages and,» tionlall benefits which

WHAT ELSE CAN WE DO?

Are/there wher ,stelps, besides encouraging. technical training, which we can take to save our- selves from flailing further behind Russia? ,

One obvious step which we should be taking in Canada is

to press ahead with research in-

“ I'Alos'ko’s Two Ponhondles _

National Geographic Society , .

As the 49th State, Alaska will add to the American Union not only a Far—Nonth frontier, but an

‘ assortment of superlative; odd, . and spectacular physical resumes More than twice as big as Tex-

as, Alaska, has two panhandles.»

One reaches 1500 miles south- westward through the Al-uetian Island chain to face‘ Soviet is- \lands off the Siberian peninsula Kamchatka. The other foams a slim mainland~and-island strip that extends 1,000 miles south- eastward along the Canadian coast. ' SELF-DRINKING LAKE The southernmost point of this eastern panhandle is 500 miles north of Washington Stale. Alas- ka’s easternmost city, Kelvin- kan, located within the panhan— dle, is 500 miles closer to the Orient than is any party of con- tinental United States. Straddling the Arctic Circle,

Hungary’s Torture Goes On

New York Times

\

The horrible case of the torture of Hungary refuses to die. The United Nations Special Commit- tee has ’now reported that at least a hundred more of the out- rageous “treason” trials are again in process and that in some cases persons who had previous. ly ‘escaped with' their lives are again put in the shadow of the gallows. =‘ . Meanwhile, Khrushchev, in Moscow, noisily asserts that the United States is 'fomen-ting agita- tion concerning Hungary for the

and readying it for use in what

.ties of

purpose of impeding a summit.

conference. .

This may mean two things. First, it may mean simply that the, Soviet Unéon has no intention of having an honest summit con- ference and will take any excuse —even as foul - smelling a one as this —— to get out of it.

The other is that even the Kremlin has some slight sensitiv- ity to world opinion and feels db- liged to continue its eflforts to justify the Hungarian terror and to shift blame for it elsewhere. ABSURD DECLARATION In line with the latter wits the absurd declaration by the Rus- sians here that if free Hungarians did not stop even peaceful de- monstrations against the Hungar-

7 OTHER CHURCflILL PICTURES

l . ,

to the various possible forms of nuclear fuel. We are, and should long remain, one of the world’s leading producers of uranium, the raw material of atomic fuels. But it is the Americans and the Rosslans and especially the Bri- tish who are leading experiments and research into the various methods of enriching uranium

will one day be the universal and highly valued “little black boxes.” each containing enmgh ,power to propel a liner back and forth across the ocean ’for ee years without refuelling.

M tion of the nautical use of nuclear energy brings to mind the immense value of such power to us, with our proposed devel: opment of the northern and are- tic regions. Plentiful fuel will be the one essential key which could unlock our northern treasure chest fiomeseen in Prime Minis- ter Diefienbaker’s "vision."

But can we ship huge quanti- V “modern, bulk fuel .to the arctic. Orrh’alrn'ess waterfalls there which are frozen more than half the year? No but we amid airlillt a plentiful simply of “little black boxes” to power leebreak— ems and heightens and nuclear electric power stations and heat- iug plants and smelters even with- in sighlt of the North Pole.‘

OTTAWA SEEKS A-POWER 'llhree government

, r s are now interested in the possib- ilities of using nuclear power in

SNIPS. for transportation or ice-

Alaslna still holds remnants of the ice age. Many of its glacial scenes are reminiscent of Antarc- A natural wonder that Alaskans hope will some day attract tour- ists is Lake George, whose wtlet is dammed by Knik Glacier only 45 miles from Alaska's longest softy, Anchorage: » .

Each spring and summer, the lake depresan if filled’to the brim with rain, melting snow, and glacial seepage. t high point, the overflow scours out a charm nel through the 250~foot glacier and'roars tin‘ough Knik.V|alley to its outlet. Result: the lake, like a giant washbowl, is annually drained, frozen in again, and re- filled. ’

But Alaska is by no means limited to vistas of snow and ice. Though winter temperatures in the interior may plunge to min- us-70 degrees Fahrenheit, sum-

ia-n atrocity the Soviet Union might be forced to retire from the deliberations of the United Naitious. This is slightly reminis— cent of the walkout in 1950 mat backfired when Korea was loved ed by the Communists. Another walkout might help, not hurt, at this stage. ’

Certainly/ the Soviet delegates in the United Nations have con tributed nothing toward getting at either truth or justice in the Hungarian case. The official body of the United Nations, delegated to report on the case. has been impeded at every turn by the Soviet Union and its puppets. Even the poor, shabby, disrupted Communist party in the United States has now felt impelled to toe the Moscow line.

Even the Kremlin cannot be thick~skilnned enough not to real- ize that the whole free world has been sick with horror at what has been done to the Hungarian people. To that must now be add- ed an outright nausea at the rumblings of a pietistic Khrush- chev over the “legality”. of the Hungarian murders, and his pro- test against the complaints of men and nations that are at least honest. it not compassion—

> age. and seldom" suffers zero

breaking work. These are the de- partments of National Defence, Northern and Transport. But there is no existing matchin- ery for cooperation between the departments on this problem; more important, there is no me.- chinery whereby Ottawa can work with outside or foreign groups on this problem of developing nu- clear power for all peaceful pur- - poses. . . Our whole thinking is now gear- ed to economic independence. But in this scientific age,.We ‘are lagging. We are in danger of be-. coming, instead of hewers of wood and dnawers of water for American plants, mere miners of unanium which will then be ex~ ported raw, to be processed by highly paid skilled workers, and finally sold back to us by those other nations which have acquir- ed the knOW-how to process our ' Canadian uranium. ' ‘ Alter yeans of do-mil there is now an urgent need tor the gov- ermnent to sat up, an exploratory and coordinating committee to study such scientific problems of May and tomorrow, This might well be a _cubinet‘ committee, namely a cmumittee under the chairmanship of a Minister with Ministers or representatives. 'of other interested. departments, and on which Crown Corporatipns and ‘ even private industry "could be represented. There is a precedent for this in the Industrihl and Scientific Committee on Research, a Cabinet Cmnmittee in existence during the last war. lit would be appropriate to revive this com. mittee now, to work through the new phase of the cdld war. .Thus, the eggs laid on the go- vernment doorstep many yeasts ago by Sarnrla’s J. W. Murphy have grown, through years of neglect, into full-grown geese now overdue for attention. .

l

met heat? often nears 100 de- grees. Mild. southern Ketohikan has a yeanround AS-degree aver-

weather.

There are other contrasts, too, as stantlinlg as a temperature range of 1.70 degrees. In this land of Arctic latitudes, midwintetr brings sunset at noon, andxmid- summer the. midlight sun.

In much of central Alaska. an- naul rainfall averages but 10 to, 15 inches 3 year and in places 6 to 8 inches. The mist-shrouded southeast coast, on the other hand, gets 150 inches or more. Poople joke that they measure rain not by feetbut fialthoms. SCENERY AND RESOURCES

Alaskan scenery mixes fire with ice, as in the once furiously active volcanic Showplace, the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. Preserved now in the vast Kat- mai National Monument, the Val- ley was discovered and explor: ed in a series of National Geo- graphic expeditions.

North America‘s highest peak, 20, 320 - foot McKinley rises in another huge federal preserve, Mount McKinley. National Park. Roaming its more than 3,000 squ- arl miles of forest lakes and moun tains are caribou, mountain sheep bears, wolves and other speci- mens of Alaska’s abundant wild- life. ‘

Economically; A l a s k a's im— mense resources in salmon and other fisheries, forests. funs, oil, and minerals have hardly been tapped. Enough wealth: however, has been garnered since the area was bought from Russia in 1867 to repay many times the bar- gain price of $7,200,000 Thmlglh the gold rush days are a mem- ory, the annual gold yield still amounts to more than $8 mil- lion a~. year. One Nome bank will cash a poke of gold if asked.

Giant Alaska is small in one respect. Its population is estima- ted at about 213,000, including military personnel at various bas- es and strategic outposts, and the native Eskimos Indians, and Alleuts. At that, say the Alas- kans, they have the fastestagrow- ing Population in the country, hav- ing tripled their number: since 1940. ’

Alaska’s vigor is demonstrated by its enthusiastic use of the airplane. The family car is often a pontoon plane. Flying boxcars deliver anything from tractors to prefabricated houses. Doctors fly to patients. women to the hair‘-

aid

dresser, fishermen and. hunters

lump in the breast must be as-~ - sume'd to

lumps fortunately. are not rush 'ignaut, butgyou can’t afford to

~cogmize that an inguinal hernia,

possible polyps or cancer of

Seven 'Donger Signals Cited

By Herman N. Bundesen. M. D. MANY of you, I'm sure. have heard of the seven danger sig- nals of cancer. I've advised you about their importance time and again.

Now let’s talk about. another series of seven -—— wh at the American Cancer Society terms “The Seven Tragic Diagnostic Mistakes."

While primarily rules for. doc- tor's to follow in treating patients. I think these seven points should also be called to the attention of the general public.

ASK FOR EXPLANATION

Ilf you know where a doctor-is most likely to slip up on one or more of the signals, you might ask him to explain to you about some of these precautions. Unfortunately, doctors some- times may fail to make an early diagnosis of intro-oral cancer because they assume on your first visit that a lesion, merely nmay be a “canker sore.” A sim- ple biopsy of the lesion Will give conclusive evidence whether it is malignant or benign. ,