Else @uarclism;

[lovers Prince Edward Island Like The new W. J. Hancox, Publillil'

Iotton Lewis Frank Walker

Ixecutiva Edito. Editor

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Flara".'“”‘

New Farming Vistas

Farming used to be regarded as the most conservative occupation on earth. Today. its technology is changing so rapidly that oti-the-job scientists and engineers find them- selves out of date after a decade or so out of the university. This arresting statement was made by a scientist at a recent meeting of the American Society of Agricul- tural Engineers in Chicago. Follow- ing are a few examples of new trends cited at the meeting:

Increasing popularity of pro- cessed potatoes—precut, french fries, “instant” mashed potatoes, potato chips. even prestuffed, pre- baked potatoes—dire spurring de- velopment of new methods of po- tato storage and handling which demand new types of machinery and storage accommodations.

If pickles are to be profitable for the grower of cucumbers, par- tial or complete mechanization of harvesting must be developed. ()ne engineer reported that of $18,000,- 000 paid in 1960 by the pickle iii- dustry to growers of cucumbers, about half had to be allocated to cover costs of harvesting by hand. Harvesting. of course, represents only part of the farmers' total costs.

Teflon. a plastic now being used to cover the cooking surface of fry- ing pans and other cooking uten- sils to provide greaseless cooking, is being plugged for a new role on the farm. Teflon, or Teflon with a glass filler. used as a covering for tillage tools has been found to re- duce the. total tool draft (defined as the amount of energy required to till the soil). The new material may wear away eight to ten times as fast as steel. and present costs make it prohibitive for farm fools. Rut. indications are that its increas- ed use will reduce the price suf- ficiently to make it economically feasible for plow surfaces in the near future.

Another improvement discussed at the Chicago meeting was a cycle- timed feeder (recently marketed) to facilitate more frequent feedings of animals without. costly hand labor. Other devices in development or testing stages, cited at the meet- ing. include an “antiroll bar" to reduce. injuries or fatalities to trac- tor operators. 3 new completely automatic unloader for horizontal silos, -antl a self-propelled forage harvester that performs a multi- plicity of operations while reduc- ing operator fatigue.

Present developments indicate that within the lifetime of many of us. farming will become a verit- able wonderland of mechanization, offering scope for new opportuni- ties on a scale heretofore undream- ed of. Prince Edward Island will undoubtedly share in this forward movement, and this should be a stimulus to all concerned in the industry's future at. this time.

European Doubts

Writing from Paris, a New York Times correspondent takes note of the diplomatic legacy of Cuba and Nassau. Official communiques. and official spokesmen, sometimes gild the facts; nevertheless, the chief Continental allies of the United States are perturbed by U.S. policy thet.aeema concocted more in the Pentagon than in the White House, while Britain is only beginning to feel lte new bruises.

it 3

.1 _ Tim. representative. suspect the ' United am Is embarking on a

i- phase of policy. and.

i.

Street, I 1030 West .

Newspaper Publishers ‘

smoky.— imparting. ,

while It is conceded that the U.S. has 97 per cent of the West’s atomic arsenal, it is not conceded that it is endowed with 97 per cent of the West's wisdom. Moreover, U.S. pol- icy today differs substantially from that made at Washington five years ago, and there is no assurance that five years hence there may not be other policy of cardinal concern to the Western world.

it recalled that Washington produced the concept of “massive retaliation", which has now gone by the board. Washington insists oil the continuity of bipartisan for- eign policy. yet the. then Secretary of State Christian lierter said in 1959: “I can't conceive of the Presi- dent involving ns in all-out nuclear war unless the facts showed clearly that we are in danger of devasta- tion ourselves.”

The l'nited States has always endorsed the Common Market but originally preferred the idea of a (‘ontinental (‘lub excluding England: Today the lfnited States says Brit- ish failure to enter would cause it grave disillusionment and perhaps affect its entire attitude on Atlan- tic uiiity. if this approach is sound today it wasn't sound five years ago. Either way it explains Euro- pean reluctance to lean entirely on US. judgment.

The new Washington team for- gets its NATO clients were taught by the old Washington team. And. unhappily. buried in the subcon- scious of both Britain and France is a kind of subtle, jealousy that the ['nitcd Slates” ('uban venture, when it decided to go it alone. was but a successful Suez; that Suez itself might not have been so dis- mal a failure had the United States backed its allies as they backed the United States in October.

All this is worth remembering when the I'nitcd States is surprised that its friends can't rely always and Completely on its sagacity. Un- fortunately it does nothing to change the fact that we are in an era of atomic power politics. and that it is on decisions taken at Washington and Moscow. where this power resides, that the fate of all of us will depend.

changes

is

Best Forgotten

The rowdy behavior of the Lib- erals in Parliament in the dying hours before the Christmas recess is deplored by the Winnipeg Free Press, which goes on to say that “it would be regrettable if the bad _manners of some members were al- lowed to distract public attention from the failure of the present Government to govern and from its continued contempt for Parliament."

But. isn't this putting the cart before the horse? The persistent and continuous raucousness of the Liberal back benchers in shouting down the Prime Minister inevitably raised memories of the pipeline de- bate of 1956—2111 episode which the Liberals have been trying to live down. But it did more than that. It showed that Mr. Pearson was quite unable to handle his followers, whose shouting drowned out his own plea for reason, and cut the feet from under him in his criticism of the Government's “contempt for Parliament.”

It was not so much a case of this episode “distracting public at- tention” from the. Government’s sins of omission or commission. as 'of showing that the critics were in no position to pose as acceptable successors in 'the event of another election. Their rowdyism made a more complete mockery of Parlia- ment than anything they were charging the Diefenbaker adminis- tration with doing.

In the circumstances, Liberal apologists would do well to let this unfortunate matter drop. They can’t salvage anything out of it. and the sooner they let the. public forget it the better it will be for their future as a party.

EDITORIAL NOTE

France was out in front among all the major Western nations in her prosperity last year and seems likely to do even better in 1963. Just before Christmas the French finance minister announced the re- payment eight years ahead of time, of $116.6 million to the United States. He also announced that the balance of payments for the year had a surplus of $1.8 billion. This eum, with another 83,750 million held in reserve, made France the world’s largest creditor nation.

- THEY’RE HAVING TROUBLE HERE TOO!

OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson To Probe Food Contamination Dangers

'l‘lircc months ago another book was published from the ad- mired pen of a highly regard- ed woman author in USA. T day that book stands at the top

0 I

l

I

of "best seller" lists. has been ‘ selected as H book club choice-p

and has been offered in a special chcap edition to the 2.500.000 readers in ' ‘ and else- where of “Consumer Reports." Thus “Silent Spring.“ by the well-known nature-writer Rach. el Carson. has precipitated

a . fiill~drcss battle bctwcen the

multi-million dollar pesticide in-

and organisations dch-

to protecting mankind

against accidental poisoning. in s A

The theme of Miss Carsonsi

book is the danger to both man- kind and wildlife which results from the indiscriminate use of commercial pesticides. T h e r e

caused in Chicago by a glut of bubbling detergents in the sew- age system. which backed up through toilets in the mcs'.“ Remember even those glowing red apples sold on street corners in the great depression, which

derived their rosy appeal from an arsenic spray making them dangerous to eat?

Bobby McDonald's committee may educate us to be wiser in our use of these valuable but dangerous poisons.

The U.S. Nucleor Corrol

By Harold Morrison Canadian Press Staff Writer

President Kennedy's reported decision to exert increasing leadership in the free world, even at the cost of bruising na tional sensitivities, has been greeted with some dismay in Britain.

Canada and others the smaller NATO powers have never challenged U.S. military

of

leadership. They recognize that

was little that was novel in the .

book. but here for the first time the complete picture was ac out for the lay reader.

CANADA MOVES FAST

Alert to the danger. our own Minister of National Health, Hon. .1. W. “fllontc” Montcith, has moved with commendable deci- sion and effect to protect Cana- dians against this newly-reveal- ed threat. ln setting up a spe» ciai committee of the House 0 Commons last month. Mr. Mon- teilli specially charged it “to considcr and report upon the dangers arising from contamin- ation of food by the use of clie- niicals to kill weeds, insects and other pests."

The chairman of this commit fee will be R.M.T. "Bobby" Mc-

in this age of thermonuclear weaponry ony the U.S. has ade- quate financial resources. on- gineering capacity and determi- nation to mount a slratcgic dc— terrent against the Soviet bloc.

But it also is well recognized that leadership brings responsi- bility. and this extends to con- sulting with allies on decisions which affcct them. Over the years. U.S. leaders have pledged to increase consulta- tt'ons with their allies so that the final decision about pressing the nuclear button would be a group rather than a unilateral

action. ‘ PM COMPLAINS

Donald. the 31-year old Conserva- 1

five MP. from Hamilton. tario. Bobby used to star on the football gridiron, its a mem- ber of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats team. But polio crippled the brilliant young footballer, today he is one of the most lik- ed and most effective members of our House of Commons - evcr nrr-sent. active. and con- structive in a manner puts to shame other graduates from the ranks of professional athletics sometimes seen here.

how his committee might tackle Its important task in this field.

“As an example. we want to find out. if a cow on the prair- ies eats grass which has been sprayed with grasshopper exter- minator. might that harm a child in Toronto who drinks its milk in powdered form?" Bob- by replied.

Witnesses will be called be- fore this committee. Scientific evidenco will on the one hand stress that pesticides play a va- luable role, while on the other asserting that these poisonous chemicals should not be used In- discrimlnatcly by persons un- alerted to their dangers.

INFORMATION SERVICE

In the background will lurk such spectrcs as the warning gl- ven on behalf of the American Meat institute, that one day meat-packers might be forced to reject millions of tons of merit contaminated by the toxic residues of pesticides. thu s “ruining thousands of farmers in USA and disrupting the na- tion's meal supply from coast to coast."

The committee will serve an invaluable purpose by bringing out into the open both sides of this question. and alerting all Canadians tn‘the situation.

Agriculturalists have express- ed worry about the possible dis- turbance of the balance of Na- ture by our artificial interven- tion. All of us might ponder the less serious lessons to be learn- ed from the growing volume of chemicals in our daily life. he- member when the water supply In Prince Albert was contamin- atcd from a chenncel indus- try in another province? Re- member more recently how mil- lions of dollars or demaae were

On- ‘

and .

1

which .

Prime Minister Dicfcnbakcr said in Nassau Monday that despite repeated U.S. pledges of consultation Canada was only taken into the confidence of the U.S. at the last moment before

ennedy went on television and radio to demand that Soviet of- fensive weapons be removed from Cuba. Consultation with Prime Minister Macmillan also . took place only a few hours br- fore the announcement of an action which might have led to war

There is a question. foo, how mut‘h Anglo American agree- ment there was In the Kennedy decision to scrap the Skybolt missile arid force Britain to ac- ‘

1 ccpf the Polaris In its place. I asked Bobby McDonald just‘

‘- and changed the world. i The

5 some British newspapers

I

How Printing Begon

noted, Kennedy was surprised find .119 got. along well in eliminating Soviet missiles from (‘uba without Allied consulta- fion.

—.

nuisance at critical times with their bickering, feuding and de- laying.

By accepting Polaris miSSiles I

on Kennedy terms. Bnitain is to all intent and purpose "locked" in the American nuclear corral.

DE GAUI.LE NEXT? Now Kennedy is attempting to bring the Maverick French

President de Gaulle safely into 1

the same corral. anxious to Gaullc. to persuade him to ac- cept Polaris missiles on the same terms offered Macmillan «with targets rigidly predeter- mined. This would curtail de Gaulle's freedom of nuclear ac-

De Gaulle has ideas of his own. If Kennedy wants a meet- ing. he may have to go to Paris or wait many months before de Gaulle is willing to show up in Washington. K e n n e d y says there Is a danger of NATO fragmenting and this danger is real since de Gaulle ls moving towards establishment of a third force in Europe with its own nuclear capacity, even at tre- mendous Internal coat and eac- rifice.

Buf with his great sense of history. de Gaulle may realize more than contemporaries what the alternative may finally be—an eventual split of the world between Moscow and Washington with the nuclear- giants. disdain-ful of the non-nu- clear nations. ordering them to stay in line—to be seen and not heard.

National Geographic Society

Some time between AD. 1450'; and 1456. a debt-ridden German craftsman printed a book —-i man was Johann Guten- berg. a goldsmith turned print- er. The book was the Bible. the Latin version of St. erome. Some historians believe the event marked the dawn of the modern age. for Gutenberg un- locked the storehouse of human knowledge to every man wh 0 could read.

Previously. only a privileged few h d had access to labori- ously handwritten manuseripts. MOVABLE TYPE .

After centuries of debate. most authorities now credit Guten- berg and his associates with inventing movable metal type. He also solved the unprecedent- ed problems of finding suitable materials and methods for print- ing a complete book.

Though calendars, grammars. and a few other lesser works preceded Gutenberg‘e Bible. hll magnum opus was the ire treat hook printed in the West-

of Conlress. which owns 0 of to 46 re mainlng copies of the Gutenberg

Bible. recently paid tribute to e book‘s perpetual interest by publishing a facsimile of the first page of Genesis. Printed on heavy paper. the facsimile la available directly from the Lib- rary for one dollar. of the early life of Gutenberg, who w e a born about mo In Main, a city

a 5'

the! celebrated the Sm eaal-

versary of its founding in 1962. Gutenberg's father was a pub- lic accountant and goldsmlth

‘ named Gensfleisch, but the son

took his mother's surname to prevent It from becoming ex-

mortal.

Gutenberg's family moved to Strasbourg In perhaps 1415 be- cause of ecclesiastical strife In Mainz. The young man joined the goldsmith‘s guild. but grew more Interested in experiment.- ing with printing. Though print- ing was practised in

for centuries before Gutenberg, the German inventor arrived at his methods independently.

TOOLS WERE SECURITY

By 1450 Gutenberg h if so nearly perfected his invention that he could -horrovr y from Mains lawyer Johann Fuel. giving as security his tools. Full and Peter Schoeffer. an expert calligrapher. became Guten-

Prlntlng the Bible was no pensive. rust advanced more money. but the business was not profitable. Gutenberl was unable to re the loans, and the partnership dissolved in law- suits. Fuel and Gutenheu m bany divided the stock of print- ed but unbound Bibles.

Fust sold copies of the Bible to the King of France and the Archbishop of Paris. Comparfna

es. were enseaed to find them identical. It eeern~ ed to be magic, and Fuel was :urrepted as an um of the de-

Hls new altitude seems to sutztzest that Allies may be a:

tinct. He made the name im-,

Some Women

Cancer Prone

By Dr. Theodore B. VII Della:

MILLIONS of women have been tested for uterine cancer and are thankful when the re- sults are negative. But a high percentage do not return annual- ly for a repeat test. The major- ity will be lucky but a a m all minority develop cancer during the interim. Many of those wo- men will dle. especially If they delay treatment under the mis- taken idea that a single nega- five feet means they “can't get cancer "

A 15 year cooperative venture between Toledo‘e physicians. The American Cancer society, and the Cancer Cytology Re- search Fund of Toledo has pro- duced a new idea along this line. Secretlons from the cervix of the uterus (Pap smear) of two-thirds of all the women of Toledo were examined over the last 15 years. Of these, only 36,549 were ethlned two or more times. What happened to this more cooperative and sen- sible group? I

At this point it becomes nec- essary to describe the way the tests are reported by laborator- ies. In the Pap smear the cells are graded from I throu gh V according to their appear- ance. Grade I and II are nor- mal. Grade V is definitely can- cer and III and IV are suspects. Medical World News reports that 421 of these Women had grade III, IV. and V at first ex- amination. These cells look so suspicious that additional tests, including a biopsy, are recom-

In this group 23 developed cancer at a later date. T h e re is no doubt that women in this catcgory belong to a high risk group and should be reexamin- ed at frequent intervals. After all. they an incidence nearly four times that of the entire group.

There were 6.996 women 0 ut of the original 36.549 W h 0 no first smears were read as grade I or II who also had gynecologi- cal complaints. Some had bleeding or spotting, where- as others noted a discharge. The incidence of cancer in this group proved to be three times higher than in the remainder who had no symptoms.

This adds up to an obvious conclusion: Women with grade III or higher smears. plus those over 35 years of age in grade I or II with gynecological com- plaints, are in the high risk group. For them periodic exa- mination or surgery is a must.

(Dr. Van Dellen will answer questions on medical topics if stamped. self-addressed enve- lope accompanies request.

GOUTY ARTHRITIS J.L. writes: Is the same me- dicine used for gout and arthri- tis'.’

' REPLY .

' out Is a form of arthritis and there is some overlapping in the medicines used

I relieve pain. But the usual gout

{remedies don’t work in other

forms of arthritis. because they

;are aimed at correcting the