val avi\l

l

l . i‘:

i 7

l

- ‘be termed ‘llf‘f"¢".'i'.1Of1fil7l€.

_...___._r_____t__,___ _ _.,._ _... _ .. s. _ ..-.. A.

"~’ ' i potatoes,

ou-zaa-nu-“fg.

’¢. a x o . l. g. hi’ "I . l

0' PAGE TWELVE __

NEWSY NOTES

B! AGIIOOLA

IADIAN FOOD PLANTS (l)

The \Vfll.(‘l' Avcns (Geuin rlvalc) is .1 plant. lately discovered to belong to our florii: it has a frflgfllm 10°F stock from winch a. 11190061011 W” made n5 a beverage. The Silver 5 weed t Potenteiia) a troublesome

Tweed iii (lillllplbli fields, has r00!-

Psiocks ninth taste like sweet

and were greatly ap- l .'vpl‘€Cl[ill'(l, The list gives seven speciea “for Blackberry and two species O! ‘ Raspbcriy, The Red Wild 355959775’ pwas liliillf‘ use of in several ways: Jthc fruit \\';is catch fresh Or dried; lithe firs-h SllOOln were peeled and eaten; and iiic twigs and leaves

"Wu- bolted io muke "tea." The

lBliuk lbnpberry was used in like ‘ink-Ann?!’ The Cloudbcnw or Baku- lnppiv i... ~ - ; the fruit. only W35 ' T.n! fruit. of all thc other s \\':\.< usod ficsli

-_ .1 ha 1y suspect that our wi d Roses were made use 0f; bu! l‘ ., on r 0rd that ihe Indians Ttli i ~<~ llllll-i o. tiic Glossy R050. ntvi ri'Tl‘I_‘l‘lliC.\ the "hips" of U19

r c

of thr- llilllll)‘ Rosaccae unam- mn e an‘ the wild Cherries. 12.. u .iic Wild Black Cherry

Fvll"

Chwko Cherry, wen‘ 1i or dried. and used in ‘ilifiiilj and the bark

u substitute for; of the Wild Red‘ the fruit. was

i; Kfodil-k imedlcagol. a.

i»! Jilfiillil with .\'@ll°\V nu uiirodiv-cd weed, but (liscovcrcd that the

‘i1 be (‘CiliWi indeed they u-vc mod many insignifi- i; that the white men Iircd The oily seeds of the on Lrviiist nvcrc also boiled ; mid the fresh sprouts. - or the Bnich Peri Werc i or cooked, Kidney or] “Y i ,- .t"llillll Turluns 1g bcforc ~ nwlni. of llil‘ W uiP Men. but; - Pliniiuli evidence to . . . i““i‘lflilll_\. ihat they were grown . .. Another plant, the! ‘Apios tubsrosa. culled the Pignutni ‘ Poiuto-bfwm. and other names, was . one found wild so old books say: I ‘ b-ii is e-itdentQv extcrminnted. The.

, small nut-like tubers were eaten raw boiled. or roasted. (It may be nniivwci hare that due to a printer's Pic-oi". the "Black Medick." of the

iRnval iii-white List. of ‘Plants of

l . is given as lvfelilotusw

ii, shmfd be Mvciicngoi

‘yrs of our “lo-vi Sfrrei. (two smvicsi were eaten eithcr‘ flesh or cooked with sugar for des- Dem.

j The Block Crowberry of the

~mmiiy Empctrnceae. a small berry with a good northerly range. was _ lit-her entcn fresh, or else was dried h! winter use.

A NATVRALLTTS CALENDAR

. M11‘, axsriz-‘ritpd \v.'it.h birds. but- flerflzcs. and flofvcrs. in the Old _f_.and. is a very uncertain month

hero. Not. for us the pageant. of m-owninc the Mny Queen. nor danc- ing round the Alloy-pole! Winter -dc~'>s not cast off its white garments lyet. and the first iveeks may often Electric fktorins sninr-iimvs occur. followed by ‘colder weather The atmospheric "phrixwcs. and the summing land. are favorable to epidemics of grippn ‘But ll“ll"l' i: iii store: tho third and

fourth vfiflrs are the "sccd-timffl" when olil .“"(l youni: arr- "rm the . and" unzl 1hr‘ month ends with .t.hc m~r~< in loaf and the birds in full r/inz.

Mnv i. i914. n cold day. wind N,. =trr~ii1 with hnil. May’ 1. 1918. 1011f Pfiillll ruin nil dav Wintry, frrm “i _ ground alf- . Snwcrl toma- ox on Nlav 1. i924.

l

o

flay 1920- A Ti‘. rlcc. at i n. m..

" iFwillnl and Arnbis mun iii the garden mnhis, another 200d ..< 1i Plftnlght later.

. Purple Finch sings: wzirrov: noted. Sovrcd .. and Radish May 5. rciiviilniri in bloom. Nfirv

‘n, i‘ 5 '0".

‘Rivinvn lye/nun! Iiliiy ‘i’. i919; our; -i.i.|y-.\ 1'],"f‘J-' to (lngrms in r ‘ "i ' iii ‘\1"'7 lFYll.

. oivuuii". Mav 8. i927 . l .ll'.l'.\'l‘(‘l'l'y flower and

ileaf May i6. 1919.

' ~"iil'i 1"“. rincfcril rnlii-rcvzxir. has: th-t

first “Bumble-bee" May 8. 1918- wmd N to N. 15., hour frost. temperature 28 deg. during "l8!" clear sky all any. May 9» _1935~ Planted windbreak May 9. 1915; l1 good time to plant conifers below

me budg open. May 9, I927, Barn Swallows going north. many species of birds here on May 9»

1933.

May 1i. 1914. Wind N.. fog» rain. when two inches of sn0w. which went, by midday on the 12th- Planted Gladioii 0n May 11- 1935- iMay 151.0 20 is a better datc for planting these bulbs».

Half an inch of ice on the water trough this morning, May 1'3. 1930- Arabis albida. garden perennial 1n bloom, May 12, 1921. Temperature 61 dcg. at. 6 p. m.. Hay i2. 1932-

Noi-thavcst wind. co'd and fine inside temperature (without fire) 48 deg May 14. i916 Heat wave and electric storm in New York, 80 deg. cold here but fine. May i4, 1929. iOu May :1. i929 the solar corona was observed to bc very extensive)

sowed, general garden seeds May May, 15, i390. Oh May 16. 1923, the caloric quality of the Sunlight W95 estimated m be 4 w 5 dceress below nOfinftl this year and I noted "the sunshine has a wan look." (From i918 to i921 it was above normal)- Tcmperaturc May 16. 1932, 80 deg. maximum in the shade. May 17. i932. 85 deg max. Cold N- W. Tall’! then snow flying mid H0110‘! White May l5. I917. Tmes breaking 111W

Sowcd WlIGBI. on May 1B. 192i. May l8. i928. two S\\'8ll0'\\'S return- ccl to nest in the barn: nine 1°" the barn the previous fail.

The cattle were let. out to P3591!"

May 19. 192i. Lime pasiurace! riiéie m not much grass “We June.

A STRONG MAN-

Despm- the poet's dictum that. "tho best is yet to he." there is incrndiczibly fixcd in thc human mind an inciiiiai.ioii to look bar-k ‘to a Golden Agc when all firings were in greater perfection thim they are in the present prosaic (laws. That this trait is not. con- fined to the present coiitury is shown by n strong of Old Will o‘ Welton, a Northumbrinn strong man in the time of King James I- Tiie Villago of Walton (Wall-foam) ‘les about 8 miles west. of New- castle. and half a mile south of the Rnnwn wan from whence it took f... name and most of its buildinfl nntrriril, ‘The ruined yVc-lton Hull

initials W. W. and the date 1614. caivecl ovcr the door. ‘Fheso 1630B ivcre the initials of Wflliam We‘t,on. of whom many stories are still ex- tant. l-[hcre is one of them.

illfhcn Will had attained a K190i ago, his sight gave out and he bc- came bot-ally blind. One day as he was sitting in the sunsirnc, outside his tower. as his cusioni was. lic heard a plough-boy coming along (he road whistlhipz. Calling the inn to him, tho dd blind Samson ask- od him to let him feel his arm. as. hewished to find out what sortof bones folk had now-a-days The lad was rather suspicbus of Will's intentions. so he held out the iron plough coulter thnt ho W215 carry- ing. which Will forthwith grasped‘ and snapped in twain. remarking‘ yxinsivelv us he did so, "Men's bancs arc nowt. but "Kfl-‘illcl T19 what they wcrc in my dfly!"

nivcnl

ODDS AND ENDS.

Just a, few words. A ivliilc 880 1

lLiu-‘Inffd in to a debate on the merits

and demerits of Trial by JUTY- All

speakers ivcze. I presume. col-

lcginns Ono pronounced the word

process ns "prom-cam" another t-ulk-

cd of [JFOEYPFS as pro-gross, no‘.

“prCg-resfi." The first. syllable for-

ward; so that. one speaker was

ummig. Which one? The "Kings

English" dictionary gives the long

"o" in both words. Another SWRKPI‘ used the word placid but. sold "plav-cld." The l5 H1011 H5 ill piass-id In column "coilum" C1‘ "col-yume?" Look it up.

A Canning Factory. I read with a great, deal of interest various let- ters advocating a, canning factory for the Island. It is n rattling good idea to use n semi-slang phrase. For. it to be beneficial to the people as a whole, however. it ‘should work on co-operative rather illiflil on "capitalistic" lines There are many such concerns in Britain and they arc well supported by the mass of the people, for obvious reasons. We can grow the stuff all right, even ‘tomatoes’ if it. is worth whiie.

Letter; in The Guardian. 1f it is worth while-ay, thercs the rub. I recall letters in our valuable news- paper which shed some light on that. subject. The first. told of a farmer who brought tomatoes to town, could only get two cents a pound, but smv them offemd for eight, A bit: spread. Another told of selling pork at 4 cents, and buy- ing slicccl bacon at. 38 cts- per lb, It. is questionable if pork can be profitably produced at 6 cts. A buyer. who shefters behind a pen mimc. tells us he gave 25 as to 35 cts. a pair for fowls it is not so Imiiz since potatoes were i0 cts, whereas according to a Dominion

‘Frcflch Lion, Royal Sporicr

iHURSEliEMIIIRS

OUR. GREAT BROOD MAKES ' (C. E. MACKENZIE)

In memoirs hitherto Published the writer dealt. with sires, P8!‘- formers and prize winners tn the equine ruce of this province and now it seems to me that Our Great. Brood Mares should have a. place in fh‘s all important history of horse breeding on Prince Edward ward Island.

As it is a most difficuit matter to procure reliable data on this lub- iject I would ask my readers to lover-look any enors or omissions land any further knowledge of this

subject will be gladly received and recorded in iuture articles.

Regarding our early brood mar05. one can only rely on the statements

handed down from that earlier age.

Possibly one might: say that

Jenny Lind, the dam of that noted horse "I-‘armeru Glory," should have a pace among the great brood mares of the past. This mam was a daughter of imported Rainbow. dam by Ranelvallas. Aocordlnl W an old clipping at. hand “Farmers Glory" sired many of the fastest trotting horses of his time. AmoflE his daughter we have Neil. the dim of Bijou 2.24 1-2. and "W"?

rue “ (THARLOTTETUWN GUARDIAN

I TIMELY NOTES 0N TOPICS

CONNECTED WITH

Silver Fox Farming

The directors of the Silver Fox Exhibitors’ Associati of Prince Edward Island met this week and among other matters discussed was the holding of a pelt. show at Charlottetown. All those present expressed themselves as believing it would be of great. value w ev- ery exhibitor and I150 to other ranchers. 1n the event. of the show malcrializlng. the week be- tween Christmas and New Year's will likely be selected u the date, because it would give ranchers time to mature their pelts-being sufficiently late for that purpose -and it. is a period when therm- chers‘ work has been mostly clean- ed up and his pelts shipped or dis- posed of.

Maura. J. W. McConnell and D. C. Coleman, both» of Montreal, have been elected to the Canad- ian Committee of the Hudson's Bay Company. Mr. McConnell is president of the Si. Lawrence Bu-

Queen," the dam of Dean Swift whose sons and daughters include Minnie Warren 2.26 Island Chief 2-34. us well as almost one hundred others with records from 2.26 00, 3 00. all good trotters in their day and generation.

Bijoub dam Nell was never raced but could pull you along at a. thme minute guit- mv evening m1 the My up West: River ice from Charlotte- town. Her dam was Saiadan and Mount-anun and her 001B. with the exception of Bijou, mostly sired by drauEm m‘ "*5 bred horses, were all Wonderful "Id horses.

No doubt the dams of such horses as fiforning Star. Noblt. BQbbY Burns, Napoleon, Dingweli’; Sai- ladan. Sinnob Salads-n. (50115 o! the noted Saladan ) Blackfoot. and many others are worthy of honor- able mention as great. brood fill-NS

Bulletin they cost 30 ctc a. bushel to grow: and my impression is chat 30 cts. is a low estimate. The farmer is the greatest human benefactor of mankind-but look at. the deal he sets!

An Italian Newspaper. It W15 Robbie Bums who once wrote- "How might-y Home her fiat hurld Rcsfsblers. o'er a bowing world. Aiiri. kinder than they did cle-

sire‘. Polislrd mankind with sword and fife."

I thought 0f these lines after looking over a. copy of "fl proxfl-‘BS Italo-Americano," a. newspaper published in N. Y. f0!‘ the benefit’- of the immigrants from Italic, One cim, without. too much trouble, get. the gist of the information impart- r-i. for the language employed is simple, for the most. part. One can forgive its glorification of 1i Duce, but. i1; goes a long way out, of its ivay to malign poor old John Bull. There is a lengthy review of the book of the day, efitif-led "Uultima Inghilterra?" (Finis Britannlae?) in winch the author labors to show that the British Empire is mori- bund, and that Italy, a young and vigorous nation, is destined, to lake its place in the world. He makes much of the statement of the oxford Students’ Union. which in 1931i declared that. in no circum- stances. would its members take up arms "per il Re e per if Paese." There is a caricature or cartoon of John Bull catching stove-pipe hats in n, fowleiis, net (perhaps u refer- cncc to the diplomats at. Geneva who arc supposed to be under John's control» but the legend bc- lo\v tells us that while J. B. is netting the Society," Italy responds ivith a network of roads-con una rciv straclalc~h1 "Etiopiafi 2800 Km. long.

Roma. fu lmpero di agricoltori nrmnti: Inzhilwrra un Imoem di incrcanti. concludes the author. A greater than he once said the same thing. but the nation 0f shopkeep- ers showed him "where to get. off" in the end-

Rccurrent Earthquakes again. ‘There are earthquakes all the time, in some years as many at. 6,000 These are numberless infiuenecs which sci. up small strains that are rccordcd on the seismograph but do no harm. Every now and then something in Cosmos sets up a stronger pull which results in a quake worthy of notice, and it is Suggestive that these quakes take place in more or lessrecurrent man- ner. For instance. as noted already in this column, tremors in Italy, Oct 18. 1036, destroyed hundreds of buildings; at. Guatemala city on Nov. 19, two severe shocks: at Sun Salvador. 200 deaths from quake. Dec. 19. 1936. Now the date changes. Om Jan. '1, 1937. four severe shocks at Erwan. Armenia, felt as fnr as Pyrgos. Greece. Guelma, Algeria, demolished by quake Ebb. 10, and news has just come over the radio. of a quake in San Francisco. on March 8th.

and Spring delivery.

LIME

‘IT BRINGS THE CLOVER” ’ Orders are now being booked for immediate

Write for prices deli

Brookvilla Manufacturing 00., Ltd.

Brookvflle, Sf. John Co, N. B. H. G. S. ADAMS, Manage:

vered your station

ll LARGE PIIP 0R0?

Insure a largo crop of healthy, vigorous pupa thin year by feeding

RIIYAL FOX FEED

lusulfa during former ICIIOIII ehnwuthat the use of loyal with a good meat ration h the molt poll- tive way known for the rancher lo secure beat breeding reaulfl.

Insist on Royal. Ask your dealer today or write direct to .

The St. John Milling Company Ltd.

saint John New Brunswick

89-1‘ Refineries. Ltd, and ll I. dir- ector of the Bank of Montreakand about. a dozen other large institu- tions. Mr. Coleman is vice-presi- dent, director 5nd member of the executive committee of the Cana- dian Pacific Railway, and a direc- tor of other companies. The re- maining members of the Canadian Conunittee consist of George W. Allen, K.C., Chairman. James A. Richardson, R. J. Gouriey, C. B. Riley and H. B. Lyell, all of Win- nipeg.

The March number of The Bea.- ver, a magazfn of the Northmub- lished quarterly by the Hudson's Bay Company, arrived last even- ing and is as usual a splendidly turned out publication, reflecting great. credit on the editor and mechanical staff. Fascinating ar- ticles with beautiful cuts made from real photographs, with plenty of other interesting news of the North abound.

The leading article is entitled. “Seal Hunting with Kubluk". It is written by George Coutts and giv- es the experiences of an Eskimo who came by chance out of the far North and was compelled to winter at. Churchill seaport. on Hudson's Bay. There he built an igloo and spent- hls time in hunt.- ing and trapping.

"Barren Land Bugs" is written by HAEUiot. McClure, MSC, who, during the months of June and July, 1938, studied the insects and anthropods of the region around Churchill. The insect life of the so-caiied barren lands is stagger- ing in its abundance. In pools of water anything up to 100,000 ani- mals to the cubic foot are visible to t-lie naked eye, and life is ai- most u abundant in the tundra mosses, in the trees and inthe tide flats of the coast."

“Reindeer Herd," by Richard N Hourde; is an account of his visit to the Canadian GovernmentRein- deer Herd. Richards Islandmt the mouth of the MacKenzia River. There he saw the vast. herd mill- ing to escape from the flying pests of the Arctic. and there he talked with Mickie. one oif the Lap herd- ei-s who had accompanied the reindeer during their 2,000 mile Joumey from Alaska. Their trip from Lapland to the Canadian Arctic took five years, and reduc- ed the herd from the original 3,- 000 when purchased. to 2.000. This year they were counted beiiwecn August. 2nd and August 6th and each reindeer tagged with an in- dividual ear marker. The official figures showed nearly a hundred per cent increase in the herd in the sixteen months they have been wards of the Canadian Govem- ment.

‘There are seven magnificent full P839 northern photographs entit- led — “MacKenzie River". . ."Arctic Seaside". ."Arctic Ocean". .“A.shore for the Night."...“Ice Ahead"... .. ."Jack Pines". . . "Spring Snow."

Other interesting contributions are "Orkney and the Hudson's Bay Company." being one of a series of articles showing the great part. played by Orkney Islanders in the story of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany. "On the Wings of Arctic Summer." is an interesting ac- count of the vast. population of migratory birds, one of the most brilliant features of the Arctic summer. From as far away as South Africa and the Argentine, some of them come to add their songs to the brilliance of the tun- dra. flowers.

“On the Trail of Palliser," is im account of John Palliscrb expedi- tion in 1857 to explore Canadian prairies and the Rockies. Several passes were examined to determine whether or not it would be pos- sible to build a railway through the mountains to the coast.

March. the month of expectat- ions fulfliled in the shape of lit- ters born, is with us, and already we are hearing from ranchers nu- merousi reports of fresh arrivals.

The earliest we know of wan Marci: 2nd, although probably there may be ranchers who could report lit.- ters in February. In our own ex- perience matlng seemed a bltlafer than lust; year. but. we believe there will be fully as many. The recent cold spell has meant 0on- sidcnble activity in our ranch, with matings keeping up so that. we will have a lot. of late April Pupi-

Now the trouble will be to save the litters, and by the way, this seems easier than some years ago. probably because most. ranchers have u. better knowledge of fedd- ink. One thing you can bank on is that. it is good policy to keep on feeding some cod liver oil and liver. These adjuncts to your other feed will keep the females laxative and also insure a better supply of milk for the youngsters. Lemon Juice or tomato Juice, or in the event of both of these being unavailable, cooked turnips are sources of vitamin C, which seems necessary too as an anti-acorbutic.

The London Fur Auctions. which opened on Monday and will con- tinue into next week, have seri- Ol-llly damaged the writer's repu- tation as a. prophet, aLso went. contrary to the expectations of the London auction houses who were of the opinion that. the sale would be an extra. good one with rising prices.) They were wrong, and in- stead of advances there were de- cllm except m: clear, full silvers, which registered s. gain of 5 per cent. some qualities were doiwnaz much as 10 per cent and the per- centage of withdrawals was large.

Colonel Ulric Dawson of the Charlottetown Fur Sales Limited, has been good enough to write his impressions of these auctions as follows:

“Reports from the London Fur Auction Sales now in progress would indicate a alight weakening in the market.

"Up to the present time the sil- ver fox market has been very ac- tive and it came as l. bit. of a. aur- Prlse w many people w and uiui. delight. weakening had deemed during the last. feiw days’ selling. ‘This can be accounted for by vir- tue of the fact. that. an unppece. dented offering, which was largely 801d. went: on the auction block early in January. At. this sale at least 85,000 skins went into the hands of the trade. The present sale is occurring less than 60 days after the conclusion of the Jan- uary sale and merchants generally have not fully cleared their pur- chases from the last sale.

The offering for the March sale exceeds 95,000. and this offering is in excess of the anticipations of the trade. Running concurrently with the London March auction is a large sale in Leningrad, Russia, and as these sales are held less frequently than the London mm- tions, a large number of London and Paris buyers have gone there to take in the sale and make pur- chases inarticles which cannot. be obtained in London, realizing that on their return to London, even though the auction may be over, the opportunity to buy silver fox skins by private treaty is still av- aiiable.

During the past two or three years there has been a marked tendency towards buying at priv- ate treaty between sales, and it is safe to say that fully half of the silver fox skins wold in London are now disposed of in this fashion. 'I‘he main value of an auction sale of silver fox lies in the fact that it. establishes a price basis which is available to the public and this basis is then used by buyers for purchasing by private treaty between sales.

with the increased employment in the British Isles, due to im- proved economic eonditionaas well as to the tremendous rearmnment program, we believe that. the fut- ure of silver fox is assured and that a strengthening of price as the Coronation period approaches can be confidently expected, and a complete clearance of all stock in the hands of the trade market is due in the late autumn when the new skins will appear on the auc- tiona.

Many people, or most people, were of the opinion that the up- proaching Coronation would cause a tremendous acceleration in the disposition of silver fox furs. It has been a fact, but it may aur- prise to learn that. reliable obser- vers in London state the largest part of the offering in January was purchased byEuropean coun- tries other than the British Isles.“

Of the 500 blue fox pelt-s offered by the Dawson Fox and Fur Com- pany at Fromm Bros. fur sale held in Hamburg, Wisconsin. re- cently, 1'74 were platinums, show- ing gradations of color ranging from light to dark. Several lots were strikingly beautiful. chewing

1

Ell T/p

SILVER TIP BISCUIT co m). —--— ITIOIICTOH N.B. -—-——-.

“PRICES

ANIMAl llllSBANllRY

THE MARKETING PIOBLEM

"The suoceu of farming depends upon good crops and profitable markets. The farmer's first busi- ness is to produce a superior article of food: to succeed he must sell it for n. paying price. While diversified farming la recommend as the safest. to follow it fa a. good plan for a farmer to have lome one thing in which he mocinlizes This is always a. good plan fir. securing extra revenue in the

lng prices.

If grain forms the urgent: part of a farmers busineu. it. fl n good plan for him to secure regiltered seed, not too largo a quantity to begin with. sow it. on a clean fluid‘ and raise registered seed for sale.

If; la also win to make l con- nection with some rniilbic nod house. whore such nod grain may be dimmed of at fair prices. Bales are sometimes arranged through provincial seed fairs, but the grow- er should have some definite ar- rangement made whereby he is fairly cure of l. sale. Small quin- tities may be cold to neighbors, but. for my canal‘ ublfl amount this is not a very good outlzf.

In the marketing of commercial grain a man must. decide whether he lhlll market privately or Join some oo-operativa marketing l8- sociatfon. Joining such an organ- lzation saves a farmer some trou- ble in deciding what. market. to leli on, and should give him the Iver- agc profit. on his grain. It will be like any other buafnesl organ- ization. dependent for its Iuccess upon its management.

This mutter is often quite de- batable but the farmer with suf- ficient intelligence to succeed in his business will be quite cap- able of deciding for himself.

A breeder of pure-bred cattle particularly of tho beef breeds‘, will be well advised to sell his bulls in one of the auction sales that every province arrange: for this purpose. when selling bulls in such a sale it is very essential to have them fitted to chow to best advantage. If bulls are well brought out. at such a sale, they will pay well for the extra feed. We all know the old story of the purchaser wanting l. bull not too highly fitted-Just in ordinary condition. Ha may slaw this as his desire, but. if you show him an animal well flashed and another in thin condition there will be no doubt about what. he will do. He will pay a much higher price for the animdl that. fills his eye.

Sell your bulls when they are twelve months old, or younger, 1f possible. Keeping a lot. of al- most. full-grown bulls in the barns. is not. aprofita/ble business. It takes a good deal of feed to keep them in condition. When they are over fifteen months they begin to eat; their heads off, and they require more attention and more room than other cattle.

Judicious advertising in farm papers, and exhibiting at shows helps to sell good cattle. Females can also be sold to advantage by auction. 1f you are entering cattle in an auction sale. be sure to have good ones. If you use this as a method of disposing of your tail-coders, it. will be bad Mi- vartising for you.

If you have a few good cattle on feed, you will usually have buy-

‘ers enough. The ‘best. cattle are

always sought after. 1f you bc- long to a co-operativc cattle mar- keting organization, try to estab- lish the reputation of aending forward the best finished cattle. 'I‘here is always a. good price for tops.

Whether you are marketing your own cattle or selling through an organization keep yourself well in- formed on market. conditions. Study markets and demands. co you will be in a. position to know exactly what you should get.

It. is often noticeable that a shrewd. successful tanner can n.1- ways give you market quotations at any time you question him. It is because he knows the markets that he is successful.

If you are feeding a. fairly large number of cattle, wrt up the tops as soon as they are ready, and sell them on the first strong market. You can give better attention to what. is left. and this gives you two chances to hit. the high price."

AGRICULTURIQT

a. delicate platinum shade. demo underfur and a. covering of plat- inum guard hairs that. compared favorably with guard hairs on the finest blue and silver foxes and devoid of all woolly characteris- tics. $10,088 was realized for the offering, an average of $57.00.

The Dawson Fox Farm started with two pairs of blue foxes in 1926. In 1932 a platinum blue fox appeared fn a litter. After con- siderable experimenting they fixed the color by line-breeding and out-crossing. Now they find that first cousin matings produce the but results. One pair of dark blues on their ranch has consist- ently produced platinums.

Fine specimen cross fox pelts brought from $150 to $200 It. the January sale of the Canadian Fur Auction in Montreal. ‘This is a. new high for this type of pelt. By the way, Dr. Leo Frank has made quite a success of crou fox breed- ing through matings of Alukus with standard brads. Another new comer to fox farming, Harry Rlchardzon, has recently sold some crosses at. prices over the $50 mark.

Twenty-one liva blue foxu were lhipped by aeroplane from Kodiak. Alaska, to Anchorage, Alaska. The pilot. of the piano reportl that the foxes barknd and were more or less excited while being loaded,

form of n. premium over order-l

i

JOWIG trow slowly and

‘Sees a, haw-k strike a fowl

MARCH 1s. 1931

CONSER VATION

A wuium oowmv or riuic VITAL ISSUES QFIECTING NATURAL BESOUECI! B! MARSIFIIIAD.

‘HCAL OPINIONS ON THE TEE USES AND ABUSES OI‘ HR. LUDLOW JENKINQ,

HAWKS AND OWLS FROM TEE STANDPOINT OF THE FARMER.

By A. 1f. Fisher, In charge of Economic Investiga- tionl, Biological Survey.

CAUSE OF THE PREJUDICE AGAINST BIRDS OF PREY.

Tho old uymc that "l 11"“ known“, i; a, dangerous thing" is exemplified in the wa/y our "W" a“ “f” ‘i’ ‘Wilma? 2.11:2‘;

man .

major ty 0 A which has wandered from the furnylrd; the sportsman, while Plflmmfl i!" capture of a covey of quail finds the mutilated romaine of n. 86-1116 bird reels fsurzhkdffll ‘gwlhe unla u Y 0 l * withgut ffireizher investigation both men condemn birds of prey I: I class, and lone m opportunity in defitiffly them and their eggs and young.

The ill feeling has become a0 deep rooted that it is instinctive even 1n those who have never seen hawk m" owl commit. an overt act. How are we to account for this hatred against. birds of prey by the very men who should be the first, to clamor for their protection? The prejudice is largely due to lack of discrimination. Knowing that i hawks and owls attack poultry. thoy do not stop to think that. such depu-edations may bo committed by a. few species only, but sweeping condemn the whole family. The ~ A ' is much the same u: that of an Indian or fmntiersman, who, being wongecl by one individual. condemns a whole ace. It would be Just as rational to take the stand- ard for the human race from the acts of highwaymen and pix-aces as i to judge all hawks by the deeds of I few. Even when hawks are observ- ed beating tirelessly back and forth over the harvest fields and meadows, or owls are seen flying silently about nurseries and orch- ards in search of thieyoracious rodents which destroy alike grain. produce. young trees, and eggs of birds. the curses of the. majority of farmers and sportsmen go with them. and their total extinction would be welcomed. How often are the services rendered to man mis- understood through ig-noranoei The birds of prey, the majority of which labor day and night to destroy the enemies of the huabandmmi, are persecuted unceasixigly, while that most destructive mammal the house cat. is petted and fed and securely sheltered to spread destructim among the feathered tribe. The difference between the two can be summed up in a few words-only three or four birds of prey hunt birds when they can procure rod- ents for food, while the cat seldom touches mice ff one can procure birds or young pmiltry. A @411; ha; been known to kill 20 young chick- ens in a. day. which f5 more than most rapborial birds destroy in n. lifetime.

n is to be regretted that the member of the legislative com- mittees who draff: State game laws are not better acquainted with the life histories of raptorial birds. It is surprising also that. gun clubs should be so far behind the times as to offer prizes to members who

t

hawks and owls will eventually be protected there is not the slightest doubt for when the farmer 1c con- Vlnfied that they are his friends he will demand their protection. Al-

ers and sportsmenb journal; are depreciating the indiscriminate slaughter of these useful birds.

CHARACTERISTIC 0F RAPACI- . OUS BIRDS.

The rapacious birds breed slowly, rearing only one brood a. year, though if the first set of egg; is destroyed another with be laid. 'f‘he need a. relatively large amount- of food. To satisfy their hunger requires Con- stunt foraging on the part ¢f me parents, and the strain of rearing the family is probably twice that. of any of the other laud birds. Even the adults are large Caters, gurging to the utmost when the (Dportunity presents: and as digestion . i; very PB/Did and assimilation perfect, p, mat quantity of ma in relation m

mjgrntory than hawks, and during the long winter they-remain in thi land of ioe and snow to wage cessant enemies of the orchard, garden, and harvest field.

birds of prey beiongto class according to locality. A m“ 01' 0W1 my be locally injurious be. cause at that insects and other noxious animal: are scarce, and bird 18 driven of more or less while in other regions where natural food abounds Ilbwluwly no harm. A good Emilie of this kind is given undei

owls, and includes m

kinds: Marsh hawk, o fed-tailed hawk. short-tailed will?! Ill-Wk. Swainson h k mm- lzmgied hawk, aw ’

ex can goahawk. 11m,

Audubon caracua. ‘firm owl m‘: Qmd owl. short-cared ' I"? OWl. barred owl, wegum qwL

fng owl, Pym)’ owl, and elf ow],

laid beneficial ready the leading agricultural pap- ~

eme- pievon hawk, hawk, Aplomgdo falcon, and gm”

ggiflaliconq, s nned ha k, goshawk- W Cmlfir hawk,

is keenest during twilight and be-

dawn, capture Again, owls are

hOClAUTl ill loss

fore r-pecies .

iii-

warflrc llairist the

Although much may be learned

by observing the food habits of 1i...- birds, the only way tio deinnnhiq the full ramp 5nd centages of the food elements is b; examination of the stomach eon. tents. A moderately complete am reliable index b0 the food of com. birds of prey can be obtained b] examining the " owls often s

entire, and tear the large one: mm several pieces. fragment u it fa detached. After parts. such u hair. feathers, scales, ha: been absorbed, the indigestion bones, and other hardlparf/s, an rolled into a solid bail by the mum of the These masses known are mgurgibated before fresh food is taken. everything necessary to identify the food, and in the can of some of um owls which have regular roosting places the pelleta underneath give an almost. record of the result-s of their hunt-

relative per-

fets." Hawks aim ow their viotinu

swallowing each

muscles of the stomach,

us. “Pellets;

The pellets contain

that. collect

ect

31R.

FOOD HABITS OF Till} PRINCI.

PAL 0F PREY. It. is the object of the precem

paper to review briefly the food hum a: blag principal birds of e nited States, so that t.h interested may o“ ish between friend; and thus be spared the nemasity

01

be able to _ foes, and

i‘ ndiscriminate slaughter. o

Hawks and owls may be divided

arbitrarily into four claesea, accord. inc to. their beneficial and harm. fui qualities:

(1) Species wholly beneficial. (2) Those chiefly beneficial. (3) Those in which beneficial m;

harmful qualities about balance.

(4) Harmful modes. u should be rum um uvmi

oneoranothq Place mice. squirrels, c- isequen y

to feed on value

the fillings to man itc dce: EX-

it.

b8 head 0f the great horned owl. T0 the wholly beneficial class u»-

lonc the 1am WUGh-lvgged hawk its near or ferruginoim roughleg, m4 four kites-the whitemigq Mississippi kite, swallow-felled kite and everglade kite