*.<_vs-¢ ~....,._. .

BIIARLUTTETOWII Glllllllllll

Mornlng Dilly (Pounded llﬂ)

Prenld t.l.l t-Col-Vlliibntertlcl-In Vise Prezludent, J. B. Burnett. FJJ. Secretary. Heat-Col. D. A. lluKlnnon. 0.8.0.

d Managing Director. J. I. Burnett, PJJ- an“ m Associate Editor. Frank Walker SUBSCRIPTION BATES $5.00 per yea-r (In advance) ‘ _‘ to (My. “Myst-year (Inndvmcelmnlledtokl-Illlnll {limpet-year ttnulvanool maﬂedtoCanndsandIl-l- Members Audlt Bureau of Circulation:

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker than the _‘Vl_’e_t_zkest Ink."

TUESDAY, JANUARY 10. 1939

Federal Taxation

Ihe increasing burden of fedcral taxation is strikingly shown in the December issue of Public Affairs, a magazine published by the Institute of Public Affairs of Dalhousie University. A front-page illustration depicts the Canadian taxpayer, in 1933, shouldering the weight of $29 per capita federal taxes. By 1937 this burden increased to $40 per capita. and last year it was $46—-$i7 greater than in 1933.

A leading article in the magazine on the structure of the national revenue is contributed by Mr. S. P. Wheelock, assistant private secre- tary 1o the Minister of National Revenue. Mr. Wtieelock shows that last year's federal collec- tions of $510,092,000 from an estimated pop- ulation of 11,120,000 were almost exactly twenty-eight IIIIICS the amount collected in 1868 from a population of 3,690,000, seventy years before. In other words, the per capita federal tax burden has been increased by 9.3 times since Confederation. This figure, per- haps surprisingly, does not have to be corrected for changes in price level. The Dominion Bureau of Statistics gives a wholesale price in- dex of 133 for the y'ear 1867 and of 132.1 for the year 1037.

From the time of Confederation until the Great \\'ar (which necessitated huge increases ln taxation) the chief sources of federal revenue were customs and excise duties. Today the sales tax is the largest single item. The next lar est source of revenue is the income tax, which last yvarireacherl the peak figure of over $12o,ooo.ooo.

Mr. lVheclock admits that the sales tax is not only unduly heavy, but is regressive in its effect, in the scnse that it bears more heavily on the poor than on the rich. "The present Minister of National Revenue," he states, “has publicly declared that it will be a happy day for himself and his colleagues whenit is possible to reduce the sales tax below its present high level." If living from day to day in the consciousness of having violated their election obligations is conducive to unhappiness, then the Minister and his colleagues have good reason for worrying about the sales tax. In i935, it will be recall- ed, this tax stood at 6 per cent and it was de- nounced as an exorbitant imposition by Liberal candidates from one end of Canada to the other. The pledge to reduce taxation was embodied in the Liberal platform and in this Province was accompanied by a promise to abolish the sales tax altogether. Instead it was raised to 8 per cent at the 1936 session of Parliament, and it has remained at this figure ever since.

Roosevelt's Position

It is currently reported that President Roose- velt will soon take occasion to announce that he will not be a candidate for re-election. At first blush it might appear that any such announce- mentat this t-ime would be premature. How- ever, an exchange recalls that President Mc- Kinley during the first few weeks of his second administration advised the public that he would neither seek nor accept a third term. Even the slow-going Calvin Coolidge declared that he did not choose to run for president in 1928 fully fifteen months in advance of election day. Mr. Roosevelt at this time could retire with dignity, but if he did not make his announcement until a year hence he might seem to be running away from s fight.

It is suggested Mr. Roosevelt would strengthen his position were it definitely known that he would retire at the close of his present term. He would then be credited with an unselfish desire to promote the welfare of the country. Thur his recommendation for s tremendous increase in armaments could not be ascribed to personal sm- bition. No major legislative achievement of the New Deal is likely to be repealed but some of them may be amended and these amend- ments are more likely to be agreed upon by Con- gress and the Chief Executive if Mr. Roosevelt formally abandons all hope of securing a third term.

s:

i Neurotic Behaviour

The prize of $1,000 annually givenby the Am- ‘erican Association for the Advancement of Sci- ence for an outstanding paper presented during the week of its annual meeting was awarded at Richmond, Va., to Professor Norman B. F. Maier of the Psychological Department. Uni- versity of Michigan. The prize was awarded tn Dr. Maier for his paper describing "Experi- mentally Produced Neurotic Behavior in the Rat." Nburotic behavior, as distinguished from nervousness and otherwise exa erated normsl behavior, has been the subject o much animal experimentation by psychologists in an effort to shed light on the nature and causes of neuro- tic behavior in man. Professor Meier, the com- mittee‘ oi award stated, has produced behavior of a neurotic character in rats "under conditions so controlled that cause and effect can be scien- tifically analyzed." The experiments show. Dr. Miller stated, that "the aspect of the situation responsible for abnormal behavior seems to be the necessity of responding III a situation iii which no mode ofbehavior is available." "This is in the cm histories

_ "' criiignervoun breskdowiil,”

P IIIII the milieu greatly

THE CI-IARLOTTETOWN __ GUARDIAN

JANUARY '10. 19s»

Problems that can't be solved are not neurosis- producing when they do not have to be solved. The cure seems to lie in the direction of finding a way for the patient to behave.” The conimit- tee commended Dr. Maier “for the conservatism which he-has exhibited, and for the scrupulous avoidance of temptation to apply his discoveries prematurely to the field in which they may ulti- mately be vastly significant-namely, neurotic behavior in human beings."

Hitler's Kindly Words

The London Free Press sees in Reich-fuehrer Hitler's New Year's message to the German people “one oi the few gracious gestures he has made since Munich." It is the passage in which he tenders thanks to the nations which made it possible to settle the problem of Czechoslovakia peacefully, and in which he also expresses the hope that in the coming year Germans them- selves may contribute to the general appease- ment of the world.

But this “gesture" is offset by Hitler's sug- gestion in the same speech that this year's “ap- peasement" should include the realization of the territorial ambitions of Italy and japan. Also by the official announcement that Germany will build her submarine fleet to a parity with that of Great Britain. Hitler's politeness-his ex- pressed grstitude for the booty he has already

baggcd,—must not be construed into a purpose

to relax his peace-making activities.

Good words from Hitler are about as mean- ingless as they are rare. But they are always significant of some sinister drift in the mind of the man who uses them. After such a speech as the Reich-fuehrer delivered on New Year's day, he will stand an unusual amount of watching.

I Editorial Notes I

Lord Dorchester, who saved Canada from be- coming U.S.A. became Governor of Quebec this date, i775. e a iv January has not gone halfway yet. but so far we have escaped sub-zero weather characteristic of this month. v u i- Love laughs at locksmitlis and airplane re- gulations, too, a‘s the English engineer, who suc- cessfully invaded Russia in search of his Russian wife, proved. a a is u The world is apparently being turned upside down in more ways than one, when the iiiillioii- aire owner of Toronto Globe and Mail accuses the millionaire proprietor of the Toronto Star of espousing Communism. ¥ i ¥ l Ari Iowan autoist has been convicted of mau- slaughter due to an accident, on medical testi- mony that a blood test showed the defendant to have been intoxicated at the time of the crash: this, too, notwithstanding the defence that a blood test implied that accused had liccn made to testify against himself. i I I U

Queensland is more noted for its beef than its wlieat-—it supplies seven cights of Australia's beef exports—~liut a Darling Downs farmer has produced 54 bushels of wheat to the acre, the grain yielding 200 lb. to the hag. It was of the Sea Spray variety, and was taken off a loo acre planting on portion of a creek flat. The ground was part of a former dairy farm and has been exceptionally we'll worked.

I i i

In Germany, Hitler wants to do away with the independence of the different States and centralize authority, just as Prime Minister King is anxious to do in Canada with its provinces. Herr Hitler's plan is said to be abolition of the existing State governments, such as Prussia, Bavaria, Wuerttemberg and Baden, and instead division of Germany into about thirty-six ad- ministrative units, each under a governor di- rectly responsible to the Fuehrer. Un- der such a re-arrangement Field Marshal Her- mann Goering, who is now Premier of Prussia, would become Vice Chancellor and Dr. Goebbels would become Governor of the Greater Berlin areas. His Propaganda Ministry's functions would be absorbed partly by the Foreign Of- fice, partly by Marshal Goering's Four-Year Plan organization, and partly by the Ministry of Culture and Education.

ll l l i

Bankers in New York are beginning to worry over a peaceful boycott by borrowers to their grave financial loss and the borrowers consider- able gain. More than 31 per cent of all bonds issued by corporations in 1938 were placed pri- vately, that is, outside of the registration re- quirements of the Securities Act and without the use of investment banking machinery. In dollar volume these private sales reached a new peak of about $590, ,ooo, or 31.1 per cent of the total of about $l,89o,000,000 new corporate loans issued. Allowing for the usual 2 per cent underwriting discounts or commission charged on the type of securities sold privately, the in- vestment banking community lost through these private deals more than $11,000,000 gross. Bv the same token, however, it can be argued that borrowing corporations which resorted to the direct sale method of placing their securities sav- ed, as a group, a like amount in underwriting commissions, plus the additional cost of registra- tion fees . s- n n» n-

The Montreal Recorder's Court officials have struck an awkward snag which scertiingly they are unable to overcome. Eight women were arrested (and pleaded guilty) for “tclegraphing" on Civic election day. They claimed on their arrest they were the persons they had person- ated, and gave no other names. They were released on posting a bail-bond of $100 each to guarantee their appearance for sentence. On the day appointed they failed to appear. The Re- corder psssed sentence of three months im- prisoninetit and $25 costs. But there was no- body to lrn risen and no one to arrest —- the llltttﬂl of one sentenced being time of dead

‘the Court,’ ifhwii: learned that notices will‘ be lent to each complainant in the various ca“ es,

ﬁr. sqmiius-have-bnen rendered in the" ma...“

ithernto confer with him as to means of

i identiﬁcation and other procedures.

women. From Mr. Antonio Lamer. Clerk of’ '

"scrutlneen, agents and others, explaining-t t "

IIOTES BY TIIE III

.f.‘.'.‘°.:l".l.‘..f‘..a.."“"a.°“‘°"" 0X! CQIISIIS of India in 1M1. ‘lilac Indlm cen- sus ls the b est. administrative task In (he wor , scbedullng head by heed as It. does one-fifth o! the world's population. ‘Ibis would probably not present, such d1!- flcultles. slncs Indla has had ex- perience of censua-tu-ktnﬂ since 1872, dld my t. mashin- ery exist. As

orgmlnng ff

on each occasion scratch. It takes four years to make the preparation to cover every dis- trict. with 1m adequate network, accom llsli the enumeration, tabu- late e results and thence draw the conclusions which provide ln- valuable data. Some 2,000,000 enumeratnrs who will be engaged must. be educated to their task of inquiry and tabulation. The last census cost. India about £331,500. India's population ls ll ely to prove to be 400,000,000 by 1941. That. ls the forecast of the Public Health Commissioner. Since 1931, when the last. census was taken India has remained comparatively free from violent epidemics and the annual balance of births over deaths has been consistently favor- able to an increase of population. During 1936, says the Commis- sioner, the number of births was nearly 280,000 higher the In I935. Deaths were about. 200,000 fewer. so that the estimated population for 1936 shows an Increase of 3.- 600.000 over the previous year. Between the census of 1931 and June, 1936. the actual increase has been 6.1 percent. Live births re- corded In British India durlnil 1936 totalled nearly 10,000,000 the rate per mile being 35.4. —Indlan Press Union

The Germln canard about our naval blockade has been so often repeated by British speak- ers at pacifist meetings In this country that 1t ls now widely ac- cepted. The Archbishop of York repeated it at the Albert Hall meeting of protest. against Nazi Jew atrocities. Hls Grace said we were partially responsible for Germany's treatment of the-Jews, because of the vindictive and de- liberate starvation of that coun- try by our blockade after the War A deputy director of our war- time Food Ministry now points out that. a blockade ls never of- ficially raised when hostilities cease. Yet. not. only was curs in fact. relaxed. but; we took active and Immediate steps to assist starving Germany. The Deputy Director himself. on instructions. despatched no less than 70.000 tons of edible oils and fat “long before our own people were a1- l to obtain unrestricted "Ll"?- plles." It. needed much organization and great economy to meke this gesture- a gesture to the air- tzressor people by a country 1'.“- duced by U-boat. plracy to WILIUII a few weeks of starvation itself.- Otbawa Journal.

Ottawa ls having Its face chang- ed for the better under the super- vlslou of M. Jacques Grebar, noted French town planner, and will present a. finer appearance oii the occasion of the visit of the King and Queen early next. Sumnicia. Ottawa is Ideally situated from a ‘scenic point. of view, with river, canal and falls and a magnificent. background of hills and mountains. It. is llt that. the buildings should be on the grand scale also. The Ottawa Journal renders a. service to its neighborhood by issuing every yoar a collection of "Camera Studies of Ottawa," the third of which is to hand. The present number contains many interesting scenes, some of which are pot-o- gra-phs Indicating the great. chang- es now under way. It is evident that. when the ai-nbltlous changes are completed Ottawa will be a capital of which Canadians may be proud. More of the people should see their capltaL and In btils con- nection It may be mentioned that. the railways are performing a. atrlotlc task with tiheir excurs- ons of school children from Mon- treal, Toronto and otilier centres. "Know thy country" is I. good motto, especially for younR Can- adlaris. —Mont.rea1 Genetic.

Mr. Show lnnouncee that others of his players will be screened now that. he has succeeded In getting n producer to subscribe to the doc- trlnc that. hlii work should be

otagraphed In accordance with

s author's instructions. "Pygmn- llon" will be followed by ‘The Devil's Disciple" and "Caesar and Cleopatra." There ls no reason why these plays and 0lII8fD—lIlClll£IIﬂ§ his best comedy, “Candldﬂ should not make successful photo-

lnys. They are all witty and In-

lllgent. and timeless. It. would form s striking commentary on screen llcy If Show should sud- denly bossorn forth as the cur- rent Idol of the fllrn fans. Hither- producars have had the

mile to avoid Bhaw. Arc they In for s surprise? -Ottswa Citizen.

Thu-o was a tlms when Cm- adn pnld good mo to attract. settlers. But not t0- ay. We will not even let In British immigrants. The reason, of course, ls tragically plolu. We can no longer say to new settlers: "Make good on the land, as your pioneer eceuorl dlrl or :0 hungry." We ave set up a systuri of "relief" which tempts these settlers Into the towns when nrlouli Iovernments ccmbfns tn keep them In degenerating idleness. Montreal Star.

This situation seems to us noth- ing short. of. mad. ‘the United States, hotne of the best In show- manshlp and rsdlo technique. Is

content to be n mute, Innlorous volcs while the f lets lllf away at s rystunat-lc "ldeolo

pene-

tration" of our own front yard. It ls s situation which must be over- come. Believers In democracy are not, their very nature. as evan- gelical u the totalitarian fanatics. ut. we do have 1001? to toll -- s slcrv of decen , tosrsnus Ilb- o . e world s more anxious to si- that story than it has ever been before. plex keeps us hldlng behind the palms, blushﬁil one silent. while the town bull! uvlr the party? -New York Post.

labor put Its proponls for an In- crease tn old are pensions more

th f Conan . 111.010 13m- so iﬁltrffflilli. than I I mun lam-am In

lqJanssllllwlaclltD.

COMFORTABLE SHOES MEAN MUCH TO OUR PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH

As inedlciil students we were taught that. the reason that gall stones were formed more often In women than In men was because women wore tight corsdt-s. Four tlmes as many women hnd gall stones as men. That. tilils was true to n great extent. has been proven by the fact that since women have dong away with tight corsets there are only half as many cases among women as before; the ratio now being 2 cases In women to I In men

Whether it. was a desire to be more comfortable or to nvold gall stories that. caused women to do without tight corsets may never be. known but. svoldlgig these tight bands about the abdomen has al- lowed the liver to do its work properly. The lungs can now come down and press or squeeze the liv- er every time a breath is taken. Also, with no tight band around abdomen, the soft liver and also the gall bladder are squeezed 0y any exercise or working of the muscles about abdomen and ribs And the squeezing of the liver and gall bladder causing more bile to be poured into small intestine stlm ‘ tes digestion and prevents constipation.

What. has been accomplished for the liver and gall bladder by giving them more room or free- dom ls now being attempted for the feet In Great Britain. as a movement ls under way to do away with tight. shoes. The attention of the Minister of Health ls to be drawn to the large amount of pre- ventable foot trouble caused by the wearing of lIl-"haped shoes. In some districts already. where there were special foot clinics. action has been taken to deal with the prob- lem of proper footwear.

Wlien we remember that we need our feet to get places and It is because we go about that we are able to make a living and enjoy life, It can be seep that to have good feet ls about as important as having a good head. Feet crippled by tight shoes —corns, hammer toes, front arch which should be raised like a claw ls down flat on the ground-can. because of the pain and discomfort. actually cause s. nervous breakdown. So Import- ant. to health has foot comfort be- come that our shoe manufacturers, while still trying to make shoes attractive to the eye, are making a wider shoe with the Inner sides forming almost a straight line in- stead of being pointed outward.

Loans

017m rw-mlnence lii the rworts cl the m-nsiteaient at th! nmuﬂ recently OI T119 or was

mt of its dwarf-limit

loom. In itbcut. W0

veun IMAM Individual loans have in the amount of 815.000 . all of this quite splrt om 11¢ - In other Iplrll. In modern Can- adian It practice there ls for "the llttle fellow". says

putltlon. without other meclfic security. He can net. the money to moot s dormant: emeri consolidate h their repayment. And there ls pro- vlslon for the lustirance cf the ac- count: that is. If the borrower dies before the debt. is fully re- paid the urmald portion is celled. does not. become a charlie

milestone,

road‘!

IIY

on the estate or the endorser. This Is. we are sure. a human and Meful service. and It has prov- ed a boon to mnnv thousands of Canadians. It oudht definitely to banish the old Impression thal- banklnir was somothlnrt lofty and lnmersonal. detached from the tig- a

Check Your Bearings!

We travel fast on the journey of life, striving to reach w haven of Independence, before the evening of vlll 88¢ lfertalres us. The New Year comes, another

The road to independence la plainly marked-the highway of life Insurance. Why lake an‘ unknown

You can obtain a Great-West Life Pension or En. dowment at age 60 or 65 by Investing your Savings for large or small amounts. It protects your family too, Let us send you particulars.

Charlottetown,

and bids us psuseto check our bearings.

llllblﬂll & 00. LTD.

Provincial Managers

Summerside, Montague

Professional Bards»

LEABNS FROM NAZIS

CAPE TOWN- Erika

champion hurdler, has

dinnry affairs of the of people. Banklna now helps to pay tlre _d0clor_nnd _tlie g tax_ocl1eetor. and ploynient, and the sym- etlc suf erlngs which those physical sufferings exclte in those who do not directly experlence them. there can surely be little doubt that the general level of happiness In the Western world ls considerably lower today than 1t was before I914. One is led there- fore to wonder whether the old time sense of sln was not an 1m- portant element. ln that Christian conoeptlon of the universe and its iii-poses, which used to make llfo olerabln and even lnsolrin" to the poeseesors of the old Christian faith. The odd part of lt is that modern man, in the words OI the Nineteenth Century writer. "hav- ing rejected original sin from the hands of the theologian, seems to be accepting somethlniz very like 1t from the psyc ologlst." Current psychological theory teaches us that what man ls today Ls largely conditioned by racial experiences In the reimte post. The psycholo- gtcal life of the Individual ls be- leved to sum up ln its-elf the psychological experiences of un- told generations of his ancestors That from which the modern neurotic seeks to the hands of an expert 1n iinaivds and summtlon ls singularly like the "original sln" of the theolog- lsnsz-for theological sin was never w. mere not of wrong-dolor. but individual a disease which We‘ was rather a stat». of the human vents him from fulfilling perfec- . Divine purpose for which he was pill lizlc the world.

What lnferlorlt-y com- '

l

I'll-ml? "'° "wt-E“ ‘glib

lnwhlw" dxw-"Sildwpﬁtlflauo,

I D ‘~ .

‘ﬁll “dimia i‘

iv o‘ ‘on with ma:

iﬁl. i

A WILLOW 1N WINTER.

Once on a dewy morning

With the bright sky mowing apart. Each bud broke on my eyelids, Each bird flew borough my heart. I prayed for the faith of a starting Under the tawny trces,

A child or a holy woman-—

What. could be greater than these?

Brut. now on a heavy morning

Wlth tihe dull sky blowing apart, When no flower blesses my eyelids, And no wing brushes my heart,

I, made surer by sorrow,

Bv Whllii’. seems more to me.

The faith of a. willow 1n winter,

0r a. bllxid hound nosing tine knee.

—F. Dugan.

The Decline Of Theology

(Saturday Night)

A week or two ago, In some ob- servations upon the Christmas Festival. we were deplorlrig the excessive attention paid by this generation to tlilnizs In the poll- tlcal and economic spheres‘ and "W wmllaratlvely low vauatlon “ﬂamed to the things of the spir- It. We suspect. that there ls a dir- ect. connect/on between this slaw of affalrs and the tie y de- scribed by a recent. writer In Nineteenth Century under the headlnqlkﬂhc Decline of Theology In Eng nd." For we have no doubt that whatever decline may have taken place In th In Ilnigland has been u-ite coaely Plrelleled In erlca and probablylnmostlfnqalloflire countries which we were accus- retard méluiil‘? “'61?”

as an- ough per- haps limonly one of them. Russia. has theo

a blbl study. “f: author of this article ls. s t men. Ind we thlnk rtmé, aelleves to be the s -

leoppesrsnca of bhe n the modern Chris-

shsll all be made alive’ Where this conception Is lost. Chrlatlan- Ity has loot its raison rretre." And again, "more can no more be a real Christianity without a sense of sin than there can be a Chris- tlanlty without Christ." ‘This ls a klndpof lMaClll-Ke whlgh ha; almost dill peers from ev i‘! Dace ex- t he lpits. and even in the

commonly come be listened to l! If it. were something which omit had meaning for those who for- mulated the Christian dog-mas, but could not. be expected to have

the lnestlniubls benefits of the

teschlnn of modern

psvchok-vy and psychoanalyst. Now If this chance In the col-

1oct've sttlude of theddhtlstlsn

fallen to the level of ‘

"w" &'.‘.'t".t'l»2l"¢.°;2.2.'...°f“2‘..';$ l" and fighting for breath of miaknigks Tompgtoas

Ir

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CUTCLIFFE 8| ANDREWS FUNERAL DIRECTORS AND EMBALMEBS Hunter River and Brndslbane Ltlkrp-i-i!“ "l l" stubs...

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NOTARY. die. _ BARBISTER. SOLICITOR _Blle7y_ Bulldlnl Charlottetown,

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Barristers and Solicitors MONEY T0 LOAN

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South Africa's Zoyear-old ROD? Lg l0 take a physical cul. lsugﬁngnaiports mistress com-sh l;

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