-mots in the trade

to $25 on steers:

Usgpffﬂltllﬂllllltﬂ“ 21. __ 194g

Weekly Livestock And Market Report

BUDDIABY

‘prime were up 50c t0 "gang more in the‘ 918i ""3- riuly 1mg shipments of dressed -- m4 veal have moved south. 1b conjunction with live shill" menu. and served to send Can- ‘wsn live prices into the high" “an accumulations of beef in ‘mo, both in Canada and the bnited States, so pronounced in pgoent weeks, have been fairly "l1 cleared following the hot fnﬁher and vacation period. while daily arrivals of fresh re- ap,“ u: cattle continue heavy for n“ season, good clearances have Men made in fast trading. Move- meat of stocker cattle into feed- 'lots has been somewhat ‘retarded by gry pastures in the east. and woounts for the absence of sim- .11” price increases as in the 0859 .5; slaughter cattle. some isolated Slopes were recorded of stroﬂﬂe? .w1ces paid for hogs, while after a ‘somewhat slow opening lamb pirices made substantial gains‘ of

mf to $1.00 or more from thO previous week. Eastern Cattle Markets Cattle runs in the east were

quite heavy but trading was act- ive right from the opening. and good clearances were effected. al- though there was a tendency to slow down toward the close. Top st Toronto for good to choice steers was $29.25. with others from 120 to $28 and butcher classes sell- ing at $24 downward. Siockers

were slow to move between $16 and $18.50, dry pastures causing decreased demand. The best of

the steers offered at Montreal made $24.50 to $26. with one load st $27, the whole being a gain of t1 to $2 over the previous week. Good cows were‘ generally $18 to s19.

western Cattle Markets

Despite liberal supplies througll- out the west. trading was the most. active seen in recent weeks. due In most part to buying for ship- ment to the United States. Good clearances were made. with many sales fully $1.00 higher. and some, showing i.

larger advance. some oi the bet.-

-~ ter steers were taken out at Win- "1lipeg M1326 to $28. with

SiTflP. short-keep feeders at $24 to $25. Bcrme recent cattle sales appear about $7 to $12 above this time last year. At Calgary. prices

‘advanced 50c to 81.00. with good ' to choice steers making $21 to $25

Iihile Edmonton moved um a sim- ilar amount with the best of the steer division rating $22 to $23 and small lots $24. Prince Albert paid Moose Jaw Q1 to $24; Saskntton up to $23: and Vancouver 5'24.

Exports to United States - - wwwurww-w- >- ww-

. Import shipments of slaughter 1nd feeding cattle to the United States for the week totalled i6,- MB. making the total since the removal of the export embargo 6i.- 477. Dairy cattle and purebreds totalled 2.563 this week and the total to date this year is 79.898. Calf exports for the wee were 1.- 986 and to date this year ,total H.420. Sheep and lamb shipments during the week totalled 2.42s and since the removal of’ restrictions on Aumlst 3rd total 8,087.

Calvubtrong to $2 Higher

Oalves were strong sellers at all centres. The best of the veal off- ering sold at Toronto at $26 to $28. a few $28.50; lvfontrelll $2

Combine llarvsster Operation

luperlmentll Finns New!)

The efficiency of a combine ll greatly inﬂuenced by the com- petence of the operator in adjust- ing the machine to suit the ver- lous harvesting conditions, Care must be taken to combat the loss of grain at the following ‘points, says Allan Manet. In Axrlcultural Engineer at the Central Experi- mental Baum, Ottslwa.

Tests have shown thatp unless the height of the cutting bar or header is carefully adjusted, loss- es may be as great as 7 bushels per acre at this point. This loss may be reduced by cutting the grain as high.» possible without leaving any heads. It la even more important that the reel speed be correlated with the ground speed, If the reel speed ls too fast, shattering of the grain will occur. especially when the grain is ripe and dry, If it is too slow _the reel will not deliver the grain well back on the platform. The reel slats should strike the grain ap- proximately one - third of the distance from the top,

The cylinder-concave clearance may cause loss in two ways. If too wide, it may allow unthresh- ed heads to pass, through the machine. if set too close, it will cause excessive shattering of the straw and cracking of the grain. The fine straw will blanket the sieves and cause poor separation. The speed of the cylinder should be checked with a speed indicator to ensure that‘ it corresponds with that recctrnmended by the manufacturer. Excessive cylinder speeds may cause cracking of the grain without improving the threshing results.

‘The straw rack and shoe speeds must agree with the manufactur- ers’ specidicatlons, otherwise movement and separation of the grain from the straw will not be efficient. It is necessary that the air blast to the shoe be carefully regulated. Then, unless the shoe is overloaded, the rear end of the chaffer sieve will be free to chaff and grain. The shoe requires a uniformly distributed air blast. Should the air blast appear too strong on one side of the sieves, the fan blind on the other side should be closed slightly.

Due to excessive ground speed in a heavy crop the entire machine may beccnrne_ overloaded, causing loss of grain. _

If possible, crops which have a green undergrowth should be cut above the green material. Other- wise the succelent stems. tend to overload the shoe, with poor sop- aration resulting. Weedseeds should be removed before storage to lmprclve the keeping qualities of the grain.

Combined grain must have a low moisture content to avoid spoilage in storage. For safe storage in bins the moisture in the grain should not be above 14.5 per cent. This stage is norm- ally reached s. week to ten days after binder cutting time,

higher at $26 to $37; Winnipeg also $2 up at a top of $28; cs1- gary $1 or more higher up to $22; Edmonton $20 to $22.50; Prince Albert $30; Moose Jaw $20; Sask- atoon up to $22; and Vancouver $20. Moncton paid $18, f.o.b.

A Are We Murdering Our Willi Life?

Canada's wildlife is threatened with extinction unless the man with the sun is taught to adhere to the game laws, and Ottawa and the provinces can get together on acme kind of national wildlife policy, accortlﬂg to C. Fred Bods- rworth, noted nature writer.

"More than 100 species of birds have become extinct during the past two centries," Mr. Bodsworth vwrites in an article "Are We Murdering our wildlife?" in the Septﬁtfmber issue of Forest and Outdoors magazine, "psrtically every one because of interference by man."

He recalls the yxtinction Canadian wildlife such as the Great Auk, Heath Hen, Eskimo Curlew, and warns that the Alaska Grinly Bear, the Whooping Crane and the Woodland ‘Caribou and other birds and animals are on their way out unless smoothing 1s done, and done neon.

Citing the lack or cal-operation between Federal and provincial authorities, the writer says the Woodland ‘Caribou is practically gone frcen the U5. (only a small

herd emains in Minnesota) and scatt ed herds left in Canada. "S=*atchewsn was last year still allowing hunters to shoot them, and this spring, the Ontario Government released logging privileges on an island in lake Niplgon, which harbors one of Ontario's lsst Nmlining herds.... while at Ottawa, where the Clfiboll’! Dcmirrion-wide status is known. the animal is regarded as approaching extinction."

“Osnsda is too vest for perfect enforwment of game luws so it is essential that public education follow up the game in: and keep the man with the gun informed as to why the Ilme laws stipul- ate whst they do.

"Let him know that there are government biologists with planes and modern equipment taking de- tailed census counts of game species and that even though s

of’

Prop-er Potato Storage Stressed

crop statistics from potato pro- ducing areas are being accumul- ated. Before long eellmllill will be made on available supply and its effect on prices, with exist- ing favorable prices for potatoes, many growers are debating if the usual rises in price will come next pprlng or whether it will d109, Much depends on the disposition of a. record U. S. crop. MB"? hi!" that prices will drop eventually but the question is: will they do so between now and next spring?

Farmers who decide to gamble on spring prices are advised to take every possible precaution against loss in storage- Elli"!- care should be taken to see no diseased tubers are stored. This may result in spread of rot and necessitate re-sortlng to prevent a complete loss, Other consideration: include maintenance .oi quality and prevention of sprouting by proper storage conditions and use of sprout inhibitors.

Experience shows that with most varieties, if the temperature is allowed to drop below 38 ill- grees F. starch in tile tuber start! to break down resulting in‘ lc-wer- lng of quality. If temperatures are tpsfhigh potatoes start t0 sprout which not onlY 10W"! quality but causes a marked re- duction in weight-

A means is available to prevent tubers from sprouting whBﬂ l-BYIID‘ atures rise is now available, ac- cording to G. R, Snyder of C-I-ljs agricultural chemicals division. Mr. Snyder claims that treatment with a product containing the methyl ester of naphthalene acetic acid will prevent or delay sprout- ing at anything under excessively high temperatures. Labor can be saved if tubers are treated at the time they are placed in storage, although treatment is usually effective if made inlate January or February,

Potatoes being saved for seed should not be treated as the chemical may continue its effects long enough to make the tubers useless ic-r seed purposes.

Crop Rotation

(Experimental Farms News)

Planning a definite cropping system is a sound practice follow- ed by all successful farmers, One of the important considerations is the succession or sequence of crc-ps in a rotation. .

Many rotations practised on in- dividual fanms, and rotations common to a general area, are known. combinations oi crops in- to rotations are numerous and for the whole country, very diverse. No one rotation can be consider- ed typical because certain crops

predominate or are specially adapted to different sections of the country.

Under Maritime conditions, where cool, moist conditions prevail, hay and pasture crops predcminate of form tlhe basis of practically all rotations. Excellent returns are obtained at the Dominion Experi- mental Faflm, Nappan, says Lloyd P. Jackson, where a five year rotation of oats, hoed crop, grain (oats o-r barley) seeded, clover and timothy is followed. Fertilizer and barnyard manure are applied as follows: 15 tons manure on oat stubble, previous to plowing; for roots, 400 pounds 4-12-6 with the hoed crop and l0 tons on grain stubble seeded. On most farms it is usually advisable to utilize tillabie land in some rotational plan and the more rolling land for permanent pasture. This procedure will assist in maintain- ing production at a high level in contrast to areas under continu- ous crop where production may decline.

The objects oi a crop rotation

a nlarauding chicken hawk w» blamed by provincial police for

the death of five-months-old Jeanne Neault, as she played in her carriage on the front veranda oi her parents‘ home at Grand Mere, Quebec. While the child's mother, Mrs. Jean Neault, we! busy with her housework, pblice believe the hawk, which already hoe carried off‘; lumber of chic-

"ventins the formation

THE __ GlJARDIAN. _ QQARLOTTETOWNU

Canada's Livestock ls Well Guarded

.___.

(Experimental Farm News)

It is no mere happy chance that Canadian livestock are free from serious snirnal disease such n foot and mouth disease, con- tagious pleura-pneumonia, rlnder- pest. and other destructive animal plagues. This freedom from serious animal plagues ls clue in a large measure to the careful watch kept by veterinarians of the Health of Animals Division, Dominion Department of Agricul- ture, on imports of livestock, live- stock products and materials likely to carry infection from foreign countries where such animal plagues do exist, so Dr. T. Childs, Veterinary Director General told the Manitoba veterinary Associa- tion at its annual convention held recently in Winnipeg, The service had its bezlnnlns in 1868 and the efficiency of the inspection is shown in the results -- no serious animal plagues have ever gained a foothold in Canada.

This record is the more impres- sive when it is remembered that there are only two countries in thO world, the United States and New- foundland, from which it is gener- ally considered safe to permit unrestricted entry of livestock and livestock products. Inspection regulations are, however, applied against livestock from these coun- tries if special circumstances srise which make it necess y. Entry of livestock, livestock porducts and other material from all other permits, quarantine, inspection, countries are subject to import testing, treatment, fumigation, and any other necessary certificates ‘which may accompany the ship- ment, Imports are not permitted to proceed beyond the quarantine station at the port of entry until the divisional veterinarian in charge is lfully satisfied that, the animals are healthy, or the products and material free from disease. There are about 3o ports of entry around the coasts and borders of Canada and thesg no under the supervision of divisional veterinarians.

On the reverse, or export side of the picture, regulations with regard to livestock produced in Cllllﬂda are just as strict, All anmals slaughtered for domestic use are subject to inspection by the Health of Animals Division, and more than half of all the livestock in Canada are under the lllPervision of veterinarians for the control and eradication of disease, There are 114 packing plants in ¢eneda operators under inspection 0f the Health of Animals Division and the products of these are ﬂlkible for export to any country in the world. llixport of livestock, llvestodr products, including meats and meat products from Canada, is not permitted unless such livestock or products are Lertliied as {it for 9X90"- by a divisional veterinarian.

are to (-1) maintain soil fertility; (2) wntrol plant diseases, insects 811d weeds; (3) use land, labor and capital efficiently and (4) obtain maximum net returns.

Maintenance of soil fertility is the chief aim in good farm mana- gement.

Among the outstanding advant- ﬂxes of a mop‘ rotation from the soil fertility standpoint are: (l) it keeps soil in a suitable physical condition: (c) it helps to main- l-ll" llle Suppl? of organic matter and nitrogen in the soil; (3) 1s provides a practical means of utlll-, 5i"! form manure and fertilizer; (4) it keeps the soil occupied with 610M; (5) it changes the location °l' the Nﬂlllltl’ range of roots; (6) it counteracts the possible development of toxic substances and’ (7) it improves crop quality.

Grasses and legumes in a rotat. ion assist in maintaining organic matter. Their extensive root Systems sid in opening up the Mil i0!’ bﬂiicl‘ air and wgfgf circulation and st the same time it leaves a residue of organic matter. A well arranged cropping eyslfm permits fihe best use or mallll". fertilizer and land. It ll!!! helps to regulate crops s, required for livestock feed. Losses 0f Plant food by leaching and erosion are minimized. 3y alter. nating shallow rooting with deep Ywllns cross. different. sol] horizons serve as feeding range, which has a tendency to prevent the exhaustion or a-vgllgblg plan; food in localized areas. Crop rotation ensures normal decom- Wlmml m ses and thereby sf. fords a practical means of p". and ac- cumulation .oi injurious o" toxic

substances in the soil. Quality ha“! l" "ill-ls are zenerally improved by rotation, such s;

W18“ Der bushel 0r plumpness B!’ Brain, higher mineral content, 811d improved feeding value, Planning a cropping system is one of the essentials on any farm ma! should be carefully worked cu .

creased from ghjg-gy @885 by the wild fowl to as E many as three hundred or more » Qggg Ly the fowl. f.-r e fleck now alien (weeds two = huntlred ellfﬁ i191‘ this increase in production is no

n13 --¢\

Dundas Show

Draw

“mt .». , 5:7 -l , _ , _

s Huge Crowd

Nearly 5,000 people attended and watched with interest the iuds-

PAGE NINE

i118 of the various events at Dundas last Wednesday. The Junior call Oolnpetlticn (top photo) drew entries from. St. Peter's. Stmﬁwfﬂ" and Mount Hope and Farmington, all of whom were warmly oom- mended by the judges, Mr. Gavin Reid of Victoria Cross, and Mr.

Eiowill Reid, Rollo Bay. Championship with his calf. Fair

Jackie Way of St. Peter's took the Grand

Fashion Nell 11. Miss Eileen Fitz-

patrick, Woodville and st. George's, was given the ribbon for being the best showman. is seen in the left hand pictures above, proudly showing the points of her entry. In the horse division Philip Sullivan, Cardi- gan, is shown holding his Carriage mare with which he won top hon- ours in Class one. Pipers Bill Bears, Bells River. John lvfacAulay, Syd- ney, Allan Cameron and George Martin, two of whom are in the above

photo entertained the crowd from section of the crowd watching the

the speakers platform. Below is s horse judging. —Photos by D. Durber.

inheritance 0f Egg Production

(lzzperlnsentsl Farms New!)

y e g production has in- “rw 8 some txwelve to modern domestic Average annual pfllduﬂlllll

bird. Part of,

the baby's. forehead and tore its d-oubt due to improved rrethods I h“ l“ Yaﬁll- l"- lulllll- 0i feidlng rnd nlunapnlent and‘ famdwhlr chili: ‘teed Wild; stills ii. h~s c» l demcllstrillid that cg: Iiﬂt H1 Pitt e 1r t. .. inn also re incresr if! HUI Qhtl M811 Mﬂl away l~- a 1mg paper mmhods ni

non-ll.

Ths exact mode of inheritance of egg production is nOt known but, geneticists agree that many geneslurlitl of inheritance) are involnnd. It k known thet- out- standing diameter-isms of a seed la include eerliness elf sexual maturity, the production o! s. larse number of elxl in each clutch. nonbroodiness. and ability to con- tinue production like in the lay- ing year. Imprmtment in e58 production can therefore be achieved in flocks showing vari- ability for these characteristics by selecting breeders possesshg the desired qualities. In eelectin! for sexual maturity. however, site and constitution should be kept in mind and it is wise to avoid birds which mature too early for some time after laying has com- clsnctd, Feeding and management during the hmodinz and resringi

I stir mg and matlni breedilli periods can effect this character-

istic to some extent. It is gener- ally considered that a White Mg- hore pullet should commence lay- ing at approximately one hundred and seventy to one hundred and eighty clays of age, and members of the general-purpose brecds at

approximately one hundred and‘

ninety to two hundred rims. Modern methods of sofcwliovl are based largely on the progelyv t<st and the performance of full l ter groups. The success 0i" :l by thCse methods is ntti-l tcl ir the probability that in:"\'r' is ll. families u-llicil possess ti.c characteristics will have u number of beneficial genes transmit to their offspring than will birds irommlmllies shrwlill! great variability let-ween lnriiudu- als. The relative value as llPIli— ers, oi high and l0w rridu lion birds within families has n t llPfll determined. This matter ll being

thoroughly investigated at the Dominion Eatperlmental Statio Fredericton, N. B., says Leona:

Grlesbach, Poultry Assistant, where particular attention is given to problems in poultry breeding.

i when your BACK ACRES" .

Bmkscha is often caused by lazy Belay eclzsn. ‘ﬁhen kidneys gel out cl order exeeel acids and poisons remain in the nystdll. Till backache, headache, rhesnntk pail, @-

Iurlml‘ asst or out’ i 0 n

ma; geperlyt-uee Dmsmy Tune-tested popular, safe, nest-hslsit-IQI- in]. Delnsntl Dedtls Kidney Pills, in Ill ‘H! be: with the ml Sell everywhere.

, Budd's “ﬁat-nan?