l

‘ ration.

‘a. 33'.

SEPTEMBER 17, 1949

ML

‘ in.‘

- NEWSY

c. THE CANADA JAY

This bird is perhaps better knOWTI as the Whiskey Jack, a pniar name of uncertain deri- Bain briefly alludes to it u, 1390; “The fluffy, gray Canad- ian Jay is not now very common. Thqugh seen more commonly in “Pinter than in summer, it has been found nesting here early in pnl, The nest is very warmly

constructed, being lined with oss and. feathers." The late Mr. ud- ]g\\' Jenkins of Marshfield, re-

the

marked to rne in 1938 that cnnada Jay was then “very rare." j-lns it been observed lately?

This bird is more friendly and inquisitive than the Blue and it soon learns to fre- logging camps in other part5 of Canada, looking for scraps, offal, etc. Quite possibly i. yobs the nests of other birds, after the manner of the Blue Jay.

filfifl? la)! qucnt the

(‘nnaday Jay or Whisky Jack. Agni, 484. Common Resident (1916): "Now very rare." (L. Jen- kins. i036.) Plumage: Forehead ninth. back of head and nape 5min’ black; throat and sides of ,~_.-.»;, white. Back, wings, and tail,

:1 lencien gray; feathers of wings tail narrowly tipped with Underparts ashy-gray. Im-

(In 51".’)

Iy Agricola v1)! (N. s

NOTES -

‘YFCYXI-x,‘

pense and slow travel forced the steam coaches off the road. The "road-trains," for the delivery of goods to places not reached by railway, kept moving for a con- siderable time longer.

The Bentz petrol car was in- vented in, or introduced (I don't know which) into, the Old Coun- try about 1888, and like most cars of those days was reminiscent of the driving wagon: that is, in shape. It had, however, two hind wheels, and only one front wheel which was controlled by a steer- ing wheel to which was attached a vertical handle. It took a long time to get the fourth wheel! The woiseiey Car, built in iaav, was likewise of the three-wheeled type,

but the front wheel was guided by a long helm-like bar. This type carried four passengers,

back-to-back. The cylindrical gas- tank was in front, along the ,bot- tom of the "dashboard," while the engine was under the seats.

Within six years the automobile had cast off its old look, and as- sumed its present-day form, al- beit rather stiffly. Everything was on the square, even the hoodl No car shows this better than the Napier, pictured in 1906.

Then “stream-lining" came in, and very probably settled the shape of the auto for all time. The next great advance will be in the

l '. . llnitupre birds (first year) are dark slaw color, with the head and

yr w; black. Length of adult, l2

lnclirs. The Early Autos

There is in my possession a book printed in England just af- (r- World War I. it gives pictures o,‘ “e earliest automotive vehicles i were of course driven by sziain. The series begins with "The first practical motor car, A. l’). i770." A very strange motor car i: is! The chassis is a truck- u-ngon (WlIhOUt the bOX) but n-nh a board floor supporting two seats, Two vertical cylinders are in position over the front wheels, and suspended on arms before thcm. is a very large sphere, of tho same diameter as the wheels. The sphere is of iron plates rivet- ted together, the upper half being the boiler, and the lower half the firebox or furnace. A steam-pipe runs from the top of the sphere to the cylinders. instead of a steering wheel, the car is guided by something like a helm. The contraption may have been prac- tical but it was certainly a mon- Slmilty. The Inventor's name is not given.

William Church's Steam Coach, v.32, would almost compare fa- vourably with a modern double- oock busl The passengers sat in rows on the “roof," all facing front. The machinery occupied m» "downstairs" room. andboll- er and firebox were all enclosed. The driver sat in a sort of pulpit in front. Both steam vehicles

’~‘- uvrc of English make.

In the Old Country Hancock's steam coach, “The Era." took to the road In i833. It was an im- provement inasmuch as the pas- sengers occupied the body of the vehicle, all but a small rear com- partmenL which housed the ma- chinery. The driver sat outside. under the projecting roof, and guided the coach by a moveable wheel, as In our modern car,

Strong Prejudice

However there was. In the ru- rel districts. a strong prejudice against the "steam waflbns." Horse-drawn vehicles were in common use and many accidents occurred when the horses .took fright at the puffs of steam from the coaches. The public outcry was so great that the Govern- liirrlt ruled that no steam coach mlfilll. move at a greater speed thin four miles an hour. and that n i~~..-in bearing a red flag should ode it. His duty was to as- the driver of any (‘Xciilld

Naturally this added ‘ex-

liSon

OPTOMETaiISTE

I ‘Specialists in the fitting oi

1 classes Inr the correction ol

j ocular defocil." 53 GRAFTON 111N111

£00 no! oimna‘ utter-Ia a yearly faaturirot the

this» year bollil h“ I oaifwrho atoia the show.

of butter art has been an annual

motive power; already the British have a suitable gas turbine. One advantage which it has over the present engine is--so they claim —Ihat it has.thrce or four hun- dred parts fewer. Grain‘ in the Bin

A friend sent me a problem the other day. He gave me the length, width, and depth of a bin, and asked how many bush- els of grain would it hold? l could not say off-hand, but would look it up in two books on. Agri- culture which I have. They had many tables as supplements, but nothing about bins. Then l con- sulted an old book published by the Family Herald about 35 years ago. There I found an answer to a western farmer: "3,000 bushels of grain will occupy 3,900 cubic ft." That means 1 bushel occupies l and l-3 cub. ft. approx. "There- fore," I told him, "multiply L, W, and D. together and you have the Cub. feet. Dividc this by 1.3 and you have the result in bushels." Then I looked up “Saxon‘s Every- body's Pocket Cyclopaedia," a lit- tie sixpenny book dated i895. ll: gave this rule: “Multiply the length in feet by the breadth in feet and then again by the height in feet, and subsequently by D, and cut off the right hand figure. The result will show the number of bushels in the bin."

Suppose is l2; B, 6; and H, 3. Then the c ntinued product ls 216. Now multiply by 8. The answer is i728. Discard the right hand figure. Answer I72 bushels. There is a slight difference be- tween the two results; about l bushels I think, but not enough to hurt. _

What is a Genie?

The other day I read in The Guardian of a genie, (plural genii). It was a legend amongst the Arabs that the genii were powerful spirits that had been ex- pelled from heaven on account of disobedience. If a mortal knew the incantation-—“the word of -power" - he could force a genie to be his slave. Solomon. the Wise, knew the word, says the legend. and employed geni to build his great Temple. How many know that no tools were used by the genii? (Look up the First Book of Kings, 6th Ch. 7th verse.) Sol- omon had to imprison one of his genil for some reason, so he con- demned the culprit to enter a bottle -- one of the antique long- necked. round-bodied, bronze kind. The King sealed the neck and threw the bottle into the seat The culprit had time to repent, - for it was centuries later that the bottle was brought up in a fish- erman's net. Artists have often depicted the scene as the vapor escaping from the bottle, turns to the semblance of a gigantic man. with bat-like wings; while the amazed fisherman stands aghast!

This was the genie who after- wards fell into the power of an Arab named Aladdin. whom _he served faithfully and made rich- Many are the legends connected with these "benevolent demons" as the Arabs called thcm.

IIDL. fll-Tboilcow’ molded from

Ohioltatojair in Columbus. But. The fli-pound work creatioufor I years of J. l. Wal-

lm o: Do ma. Fla. nan mommi- pattiunin went into the

""1"": at the exiitoltwara placed mid-to end. where would

have boula and harem-y.

that

t

D’Loary Field Day Largely Attended

Over 100 farmers were in at- tendance at the first Illustration Station Field Day held on the farm of Mr. Robert Woodside, 0'- liearyfon Wednesday afternoon, August 24th. During the two year period this illustration ‘Sta- tion has been in operation many fact finding projects have been established which include the ap- plication of a complete fertilizer to various crops in a six year ro- tation, the application of barnyard manure to different crops in the rotation and the production of po- tatoes with and without manure, variable rates of a 5-10-10 fertili- zer being cmployed from 1000 to ‘.1500 pounds per acre.

An additional feature of work conducted during the year included the testing of i6 varieties of oats established in quadruplicate plots. During the past two years lVir. Woodsidehas co-operated with the Maritime Fertilizer Council Project Com- mittee in this province in estab- lishing a fertilized grain test on a 9 acre area of his farm. This experiment sponsored by the Maritime Fertilizer Council com- prises l8 plots. Three rates of fer- tilizcr application have been adopted, namely, 150 Ibs., 300 lbs. and 450 lbs. of a 3-15-6 and 5-10-10 formulate. The 3 common seeding methods employed by farmers of the province have been adopted— fertilizer and grain drilled in; fer- tilizer broadcast, grain drilled in and fertilizer broadcast, grain broadcast, The object of this ex» periment is primarily to ascertain the effect of applying various rates of a complete fertilizer to grain seeded out. It is generally conceded that by applying limited quantities of fertilizer to the grain crop production of cereals in this province may be increased ap- preciably. This experiment was further established with the view to ascertaining the effect of fer- tilizers when broadcast in contrast with the more modern type of fertilizer attachment which places fertilizer in the drill with the grain.

the past

Alfalfa Growing

I Mr. W. N. Black, Supervisor of Illustration Stations for P. E. I.. outlined to farmers the growing of alfalfa, Mr. Woodside has suc- ceeded in establishing an excel- lent stand of this valuable crop in his new meadows.

Mr. R. B. MacLaren. senior ag- ricultural assistant. Experimental Station, Charlottetown, spoke briefly on the new varieties of oats, l6 of which are under test in small plots on Mr. Woodsides farm, Mr. MacLaren stressed the superior qualities of the new va- riety called "Abegweit." He said that if anyone wanted seed they could obtain some from Mr. Wood- side or, failing this he would ad- vise them upon request where such seed could be obtained.

I Brief Addresses

After the fieldtour the group gathered to hear talks by the following Departmental officials: Hon. W. F. Allan Stewart, Minis- ter of Agriculture for P. E. l. W. R, Shaw, M.B.E., Deputy Minis- ter of Agriculture for P. E. l., R. C. Parent. Superintendent, Experi- mental Station, Ch'town.

Mr. Stewart, speaking in general terms, urged young people to take pride in their occupation because farming continues to be the most important thing you can do. The speaker said that Field Days are of great value in the farming com- munity. It gives you a chance to see what other farmers are do- ing, and take a holiday from farm work. Mr. Stewart asked farmers to take advantage of the ser- vices provided by the Dominion and provincial Departments of Agriculture.

Mr. Shaw, after a few general remarks, spoke on some market- iiig problems. He said that P. E. I. produces many excellent products but we are not advertising them enough, We must emphasize the high quality of our products. If we are to cut out (competition we must have organized marketing. Are we protected against collaps- ing markets now that war con- tracts are fading out? Since the price of feeds went up last year we should watch the markets and sell to our best advantage and when buying, buy in large quanti- ties. Farmers, by banding together can buy feeds and other require- ments in large lots and thereby reducing the spread between pro- ducer-and consumer.

Speaking about the surplus hay in the Province, the speaker said that the market for that hay was right here on PEI. There is no profit exporting hay at $25.00 a ton (Toronto prices) when labour, pressing, and freight charges are

paid.

wrium AMH-‘IC/‘IN IIFP i.. S. STEVENSON

.lk'/\N\H MflNflt-tk‘

14o aicnuiono sr. -AAIHUAI. COflANY

Rose Valley Farmers Attend Field Day

Upwards of 40 farmers attended the field day at Rose Valley on Friday, Aug. 2t! on the farm of J’. W. MacKenzie.

Mr. W. N. Black, Supervisor of lllus. Stns. for P. E. l. welcomed those attending on behalf of Mr. and Mrs. MacKenzie and Gordon. Mr. Black then introduced the Hon. W. F. Allan Stewart, Minis- ter of Agriculture. Mr. Stewart af- ter humorous anecdotes, stress- ed the importance of field day to those who attended. He said that livestock was important in farm. ing. In an experiment at the Ex- perimental Station at Roth, Eng- land, where a heavy application of manure was applied forty years ago, the effects could still be seen. England, he said, continued to grow good crops after hundreds of years because of the large num- bers of stock carried which are fed to a large extent on imported feeds.

Mr. Austin A. Scales delivered a very instructive talk on "Soil Humus." Mr. Scales outlined the changes that had taken place in the soil during the past two cen- turies since settlers first cleared the land; he pointed out the fact that soils which had once grown deciduous trees were high in hu- mus and consequently had yielded better crops than did “Softwood soils." Due to the demand for hay and grain, soils in many sections of the province were depleted by the continual growing of these crops while nothing was being returned to the land. As the land became “run-out" lime was applied which further helped to drain the two essential constituents of good land namely: plant food and hu- mus.

He also said that soils in general are increasing in these respects in P. E. I. today. Humus is import- ant because (l) It darkens the soil which causes it to heat up quickly in the spring, (2) It cov- ers soil particles with a spongy material which holds water dur- ing dry periods, (3). It is a breed- ing ground for essential bacteria that break down organic matter which in turn forms organic acids that are essential in liberating plant food in the soil, (4) and a very important factor is that hi1- miis reduces soil erosion. Organic matter alone will not grow a crop. Plant food must be present! Lime is also essential. Any one constit- uent alone is useless. Lime, when applied to sour soils locks up a compound which is injurious to young plants there by sweeten- ing the soil.

Mr. Scales said it was not im- possible but quite difficult to farm without manure because it supplies partially decayed organic matter which bacteria can read- ily break down to supply organic acids, whereas mature plants re- quire much longer to become changed into a'useful soil con- stituent. ln this province we do not get a large amount of humus without lime. Lime is essential in building up a good sod. but ap- plying lime require good judg- inent. No one can say how much lime you should apply-you learn that from experience.

Considerable discussion follow- ed Mr. Scales‘ talk as to the ef- fect of lime on growing potatoes.

Mr. R. C. Parent, Superinten- dent, Experimental Stn.,' Ch‘town, invited each and everyone pres- ent to visit the Farm at Ch'town.

Field Day lleld At llrliainville

Over 200 farmers attended the Field Day held at Urbainville on Thursday, August 25th., on the farm of Mr. Zenan Gallant. Mr. W. N. Black, Supervisor of ll- lustration Stations for P. E. I. opened the meeting and welcom- ed those attending. Mr. Black then introduced Father Poirier of Egmont Bay Parish and Father Petre of Rustico both of whom spoke briefly in appreciation of the work being done by the Dept. of Agriculture. Father Petre urg- ct: young people to take an active interest in calf clubs- and other junior clubs for he said they are the farmers of tomorrow.

Mrs. R. C. Parent carried out a canning demonstration for the benefit of the ladies while the farmers were touring the fields.

Experiments on‘ roots, potatoes, hay, grain, and pasture were ob- served. Mr. Black stressed the im- portance of early seeding and Mr. Parent outlined the growing of alfalfa. Mr. R. B. MacLaren, Sen- ior Agrlculture Assistant, Exp. Sin., Ch'town discussed with the farmers the newer varieties of oats which are now under test.

After the field tour a judging class was held under the direc- tion of Morris Deacon and David Peacock of the Provincial Dept.

of Agriculture, members of the St. Philip and St. Chrysostome Calf Clubs participated in the

o

jiid ing as well as older farmers atte ding. Prizes for the winners were awarded by Mr. Black.

l Boys and girls of the Urbain-

HAPPY FEEDS

QUALITY - ECONOMY - SATISFAOIION BALANCED RATIONS For Cattle, Hogs and Poultry 800 LINES MILLS LTD. Ii. F. IIIITGII 8i DD. LTD.

PNOVINOIAI. IIEPIIEOENTATIVE

The nineteenth annual Live Fox Show and second Live Mink Show will be held in the fox show building at the Exhibition grounds Charlottetown, under the auspices of the Fur Breeders’ Association of Prince Edward Island Novem- ber 22nd to 25th. George A. Call- beck of Summcrsidq will judge the foxes. Three names were sug- gested as judges of minks but it will be some time before it will be known just who will accept. Both the live fox and mink shows are open to any breeder in Can- ada. Last year the mink show was open only to Prince Edward ls- land owned mink.

Tuesday, November 22nd, will be receiving and classifying day for foxes and they will be judged on Friday, November 25th. The Classification Committee will be Douglas Bell, Carleton, Parven Cass and Beecher MacDougali, Summerslde. The president of the Association is Andrew Jardine, Freetown, and the vice president is Gordon MacMillan of Cornwall. Walter R. Shaw is secretary-treas- urer. The foxes shown must be registered or in process of regis- tration in the Canadian National Live Stock Records and the ex- hibitonmust be the breeder. Both adults and pups must carry the registration letters and tattoo numbers of the Canadian Nation- al Live Stock Records. All foxes and mink shall be judged by com- parsion. An entry fee of $2.00 per fox and $1.00 per mink will be charged and must accompany the entry, Entries must be made

with the secretary, Walter R. Shaw, on or before November 14th. Not more than 40 foxes or

mink may be entered by any one exhibitor and not more than three per cent and not over 89 per cent silver, extra light silver heavy

ville Calf Club were on hand with their fi e calves which they proudly paraded before the ad- miring farmers.

Before closing Mr. Black led a discussion on the use of 2, 4-D as a weed killer.

Lunch and ice cream was serv- ed by the ladies of the Altar So ciety of Urbainville.

make bedrooms, sewing

trim entrails. ensure-retrace

TIMELY NOTES ON TOPIOS

OONNEOTEO Willi

i

Silver Fox and i i; M Mink Farming g ‘iwwwesesee t

‘veiled in this class foxes must show from 90 per cent to 100 per cent silver. Extra light, to be eli- gible in this class foxes shall show from 90 per cent to 100 per cent silver.