FR

ewer Good?‘ l ,Varietie_s 0f l . Vegetables‘

-_-¢_

(Experimental Farmsllote) ‘

The value oi new" varieties of ycgctables can best be estimated by gstual test in the localities for which they have been originated. ‘yhcse tests should, be made with other sorts for comparison, to find i; the new variety possesses recom- mendable features or not. In the past a great many of the so called new varietlu were new by name, and that onlyhwhich has rendered

4t difficult to. introduce in a rapid

manner bona flde new varieties that have resulted from actual plant breeding. Much work has been done u. breeding new varieties in the rlci-ticultural Division, rlxperiment- al Farm, Ottawa. - .

It is fortunate, however, that the field for this work ia by no means cramped, for we find that if a new yarlety is early maturing, hardy and possesses goodnuallty it not only serves the purpose of those

situated in unfavourable localities" but also those in the

where the crop doesweil. The earli- ‘nest, hardiness and quality make Ithesa productions of inestimable

‘ value in stepping up the season for

the particular omp. The grower of vegetable crops is- fully aware cg. the fact that the crop that is ready _early in the season. is without doubt the most profitable. Since that is the case, then an early maturing variety will be. ready and all mar- keted before the later cmp, will undoubtedly bring in early, ready IDOIIOY.

A few of the varieties worthy oi mention that have come to notice during the past year that should be srown are as follows:

arm Jmvu White w»: Strlngless). This strain is quits

= SEEDS

I l | I I | I s I s v s I I I I l I I

iar SAIL! IDAMTNG BUY NOW and pat-la. if rroand use. .

aaau oaaneu ruse

Sweet Peas, LIITUOB, RADIBI, smfacn. arc.,rrro.

n you have a nor asp for Early Plants pat in ‘

CABBAGE INDMATO. UU- CUMIII. l’ U H P K I N. SQUASH, OELIRY, ITO.

We have many varieties of Y HARDY FLOWER SEEDS. Call at‘ CAI-HIT SEED STORE. QUEEN STREET. All loll! for the 811111188001! business.

Garter 18.1001.

LIMITED

5x323 nlcqsrnl-r-‘Ixdlcilcfiac

STUCK

FARME

¢i§=¢I7Il¢—1-=H lil-lhnxma-cvfllrv—x_llc—:lrlaxzsx

11114:} bliz-LRLU]. luluvv/iu" UUAIUJIAN'

§R§RPJE3IHI31M§3§£§3§xi-gggggggp;gii-iiifil-liiillfiii-CXMIHEKEi-lLifl-Fé

S, BREEDERS

$11.0? Paulo...

Hoy and Pasture Improvement

B! J. A. CLARK, D. Sc.

‘rolling is done just as I000 Id 111°‘ ‘land will carry the horses.

c- rlottetown. 5'5’ mm’

" 1131188’ Triumph Dofiinian Experimental Station, Seed Potatoes

w l“ _ t h’ I l Our forage crops are exceeding-

Jyflhcfl 131:‘ "m", ll," |1y important, for upon them man

breeding. depends in a. large measure for the

"rams ls RIGHT. "-

Latin liouglat

lloluqaseaand Water streets '. " Pllonclfll‘

luoduction of dairy products, meat, wool and other food and clothing products essential for the comfort and silstenance of most of the nat- ' ions oi tho earth. »

These crops can be divided into four general divisions, hay, roots, corn and pasture.

identical to the original variety, but ’

' .

clovers unless cut quite immature. It has been known 101' 11111111’

The clove“ ale om. may“; and years that early cut hay is much cheapest mews Ol mpfQvmg our more nutritious than hay that 1108 farms and providing our stock with" been allowed to mature P"? 11" me essentlal elements 1m- grdwiilldough stage. More recent “BT1- ulld milk production. They are rich ‘merits have shown that the fotal ll, prlelns Md minerals and enable ‘hay harvested per acre is lust about tile farmer to provide his stock with as great from early cutting H from a well balanced ration without hav- mature plants; the reason being lug to use such a large prqpgrtion that the leaves of the mature or concentrates 9a he should u his plants are larsely 1M 111 the W" hay consisted of grasses alone. Ilus. and they are the most valuable

‘ commmviiiii.-2-i-;:v§le.... . .. .... iuumuu sums

Oi general interest to agricultural readers will be the following re-| suits oi the combined field and tubar score of potatoes "entered the competitcn oi 1931, also the

.==._—c

Ill

ii

EFZ-Fiifi?‘

.......... 90 W. P. Ncwcombd. P0“ Hm 91'1"!‘ Leslie Ramsay. Iiamilion .. 9i. -l Melville Bryonioll. 14919911119 91'4"

in. w. McLeod. Bridgetown we John a. Benton. Olflerv -- 9°11‘ iPcrcy w. Robbins, Mklrcli a4 .1, u. McI-‘arlallc, Bedciiue -- 89-1-1 ‘rrank McAulay, SourLs Harold Stewart, Malneque -- 903-1 Line Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 83% John McDonald. Mi- R0191

Burst Phllllps, Olleary 87.8- Horace wrishi. Bedeqlle Allie McNeill, Olleary

Mont Annear, Lower Montague 73% Green Mountains - - - - - ~- 59 Richard Hearn, Georgetown .. 96 iWm. M. Shea, Iona 91 ‘Mimi; Annear, Lower Montague 90 Ralph Gordon, Roseneath 87V.- R. G. McDonald, Montague .. 87 m Percy W. Robbins, Mcrell 8'1 James A. E. McDonald -Littie Pond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 861i

Barley

J. H. McFarlane, Bedeque ...95 Alphonsus McLellan, Arlington 95. James E. Murphy, Carleton -- 95 W. H. McGregor, Centlul Lot 16 9-5. Howard Railway. Hnnlllioil .. 514

is stringless.

Under harm classed those crops The clovers are divided into four

that are clued and stored for future use. Root crops are har- VSRd Wlthilllt drying, 311d are stored in cellars and piis. Corn is

CORN-fills early yellow corn nuptial? certainly is in demand

groups-annuals, blenriials, short- lived perennials and long-lived perennials. Such annuals as crim-

and nutritious part of the crop. The practice of early cutting is mos‘. strongly lecommended. Timo- thy should be cut just as it comes in bloom, or immediately after the

combined field and threshing score for grain. The figures which were obtained from the Provincial De- partment oi‘ Agriculture, represent the total average score made in

John Sinlpson, l-ianllwn 94. Eduiil McFarlanc, Bcdcqiie 03 Alfred Simpson, Si. Eicanors 93. T, H. E. Enmafl, Summer-

D. P. Rosa Lower Montague .. 86 Louis Wright, Lower Montague 85 J. E. Daly, Iona . . . . . . . .. 84 David Wright, Montague 84..

localities‘

111m days as it has stepped the season up um» fifteen days earlier than the season of Golden Bantam. T111! W1! 110111 possesses very good quality and is suitable for the first early sort and for the home g". den. Golden Gem is another yellow variety thatia oi the'aame season and quality of Banting.

cnsiiage in silos. ‘lhcse two are

combine the nourishing qualities of the hay and the succulent qualities of roots and com: so that certain pastures, such as the Kentucky blue Brass rallied. come nearest to supp- 171118 a complete natural balanced ration for beef animals. Hay is one oi the most important crops ill Canada. averaging about i6 mil- lion tons per year, and ranking second only to spring and fall wheat in acreage and value. ‘The returns from the census last summer in- dicate that if the alfalfa crop be added to the other hay crops, then the value oi illese exceeds the value of all wheat crops by over three million dollars. In Prince Edward Island and New‘ Bruns- wick the acleage under hay, and its value is almost equal to that oi all other crops grown. In Nova Scotia the hay crop is about twice that of all other farm crops in acreage and in value.

There is one class o! hay and

‘EGGPLANT-Jrhe time has come when eggplant can be grown as an ordinurysarden crop in the ot- tawa district. Biackle, a recent in- troduction grown as a field crop in the‘ open roduced marketable lflllllbfmld-Jllly durll-‘IB the past three seasons, whereas Black Beau- ty was-notready for use until September. Thai _new lvariety oi eggplant has resulted from direct plant breeding in the Horticultural Division at the Central Experiment- al Farm, and is a valuable addition to the list of varieties.

‘POTATO-An early shallow eyed. white potato has been required for years. A potato that would take the place-oi Irish Gobbler. To those

uscd as a soiling clop or stored as

our winter succulent stock feeds. Pastures during the summer months

son clover and Hubam have not been oi much value except as cover crops in orchards. Among the bien- nials the sweet clover and hairy vetch have been used to advantage in improving poor land and to some extent they have been useful for silage and hay. The shore lived perennial red clover, both common and mammoth, is the great stand- by for the economic production oi

bloom falls. It could be cut to ad- vantage while in full bloom i! it were not for the dust that comes from the pollen grains at that time. clover should be cut just-as soon as the first blooms turn brown.

Pasture improvement.

The in

Ammonia was applied in mid- summer. The cows on the fertilizer area produced nearly three times as much milk per day, or 29.9 pounds

in an alkaline fertile soil that is well drained and contains the necessary uiiro bacteria. might be called the queen oi all our forage crops for

each case:

Standing fields oi potatoes, com-

petitors scorn-

QUEEN'S COUNTY

Irish Cobblers

Garnet Campbell, Park Comer 95 C. W. Mallett, Brack1ey....... 99% Heath Plaster, lvinrshfield...“ 92% Colin D. McPhail, Cornwall... 92 James Mol-‘hafl, 0omwall..... 92 J. O. Hyndlnan, Rocky Point.. 91%

George Robinson, Harrington . 86

Green Mountains

E. J. Veasey, York 94

side n. R. ...... s6: ......... .. 02. THRESHED GRAIN Ralph Bcaristo, ltialpcque 89.

Competitor's score in combined standing fields and thrashed grain competition.

The score is compiled by com- blning 40% of the Standing Field Score and 60% of the ‘rhreshed Grain score.

KIN GS COUNTY Wheat

N. W. McLeod, Bridgetown 93. Percy Robbins Morell 9i. T. J. Kickham Morell 91. Clifford Mcliiwen, St. Peters .. Ell.

PRINCE COUNTY Percy LeLacheur Murray

me shock and n“ flock pr°ducm' mperlmenm Wheat Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9i. when w, early and pmperiy cured, I Eastern Canada have been carrying Wilbert Drake, Cornwall .... .. 91 John Highbank m the red glqvgl-g produce our best on extensive pasture experiments W. H. P. Cooke, York ....... .. 91 Alpllom,” Malena“. Mllngwn 92,6 Mom 9O 113y_ willie fllgy do ml figure pram. lim- a number oi years. The results Ira L. Rodd, Norih Mllton.... 90% Alden Planted’ Arllnglllll’ 9L1 “W15 wright m; N ague 88' lnently in pastures, yet early redlfrom this work are moat interest- J. D. smith, Mermaidum... 90% jldwln Mcmrlwm Bedequc __ 9L6 Mb“ 111mm“ M°“““°“° ' will produce, under favourable con- , 111B. but only a few can be men- Wallace Wood, York R. R. 2.. 90 ‘James E5 Murphy’ Carleton __ 9L2

ditions an ciicimiiih that has few_11°11°<1 here. At 01w iicwml e George McMillan. Cornwall-u 89% mm... Tgyloy, Malpgque 89,5 _ 0”"

84111111.! 55 a Pasture. Red clover will-Door weedy Picture that had been E. J. Vessey, York ...... 88% Howgl-d Ramsay, l-lamllion ...89.3 w b,“ More" 96. occasionally come in as a volunteer out i» arm for ywil 118d 10° Fred Hrde- ¢<>mW=11--~----~- 81% Birchiield Yeo, Lot 16 ..... no.1 L“ e er’ . Monfmém 95' small! old pastures. rcsccding it- Pounds oi Sulphate oi Ammonilhililo n. L. Mcllwen. York Point-m 8'1 Keir Woodside, Hamilton 88.8 2' f? fifffhfififegu... m " 9. self from year to year, The long. pounds of superphosphate and ‘l5 W. R. McKay. Brackley ..... .. 8'! w_ ll Mgmrego,’ central D‘ 1A w 1 b‘ 'm‘ver hlggtllééé 9,2: lived nelvunlal white dutch and Pounds or MurlaieoiPota-ah applied Joseph B. Hughes. Vernon Lot '16 ...................... .. ass av “"3. u f

alslke OIOVBIs are hardy and suit- early in the season. 'I'h’s was com- lRi-ver ....................... .. as a w_ Rams,“ Mmpequ, a, 6312;: D°“4““' “d ° 91 l able for cold, bmkward seasons and 911911 Wllll D1111’. oi the 0118111111 Lemuel H. Drake Cornwall 81% ,1 1-; MMpm-lmg Bedeque all; H 15 ‘Y,’ m p001- ol- gqjd 13nd,; Algal“, when iield. Last year an extra amount o! Donald B. Gordon, Bonshaw .. 81 John 53mm“, 35mm“ 3M; u‘? d rggéven st Peters 91" grown under favourable oonditiorls 100 Pounds oi Suiplwifi 01 Bert Smith, Bonshaw 88 Albert mm“, Kamila,“ 36;; C1 for MC ’ ' " '

Ralph Bearisto, Malpequc 85.8 T. H. E. Enman, St. Eleanors - 85.9 Melville Bryenton, Malpequc . 85.7 A. L. Owen, lnd'an River R. R. 86.7

Barb-y

Lows Wright, Lower fiiontague 94.

thatarelooking for this type, then the Gold Nugget will be found ideal. The seed oi. this ‘variety -is under certification and can be got from thegrowers in Western Can-

TOMATO-Earliness in tomatoes is an important factor, where sea- sonal conditions are not the most ideal. The Abel variety originated lath! Division of Horticulture has beenfound to be exceedingly early and a»_good yieldsr.

Bestal is mother oi the origin- ationsthat‘ has been giving a good account of. itself in the trials. ‘The fruitsareofthsBonnyBesttype

suture crops that we will mention in this article. This class includes those produced on marsh and dyke lands. The improvement ofthese consist largely in drain- ing. washing and protecting them from floods and tides. Such soils are usually rich and produce abun- dant forage. As the salt washes out of the salt marshes, the character of the forage improves as new and better types ofplants gain a foot- hold.

iargely oi grasses and clovers. The

Just both hay and pasture. It will pro- duce two or more crops in a sea- son and ideal pasturage; but under natural conditions in the Mari- tiines it has been very slow in be- coming established, snd has suffer- ed much from certain diseases. ‘Tile worst of these has not been observed in P. E. Island for many years, and there are now many ex- cellent stands oi this useful crop.

Four of the main methods of im- proving our hay and pasture crops are: Suitable seeding mixtures, use of fertilizers, early cutting of hay and proper grazing oi postures.

ALargeFanlily _

Our haysnd pasturecropsconsist

cereal mine and a number oi other

One the Charlottetown Experi-

pcr acre as against 11;! pounds where no fertilizer was applied. The cow days of pasturage per acre were similar, or 157 cow days to 89 cow days on the check ares. 1n otherwordsitbook 2scres to supply enough pasture for one cow on the unfertilized area, and only 3-4 of an acre per cow where the fertilizer was applied.

Close Grazing.

It was noted that, when the grass wag kept grazed down to 3 to 6 inches high. it produced much better results. This bears out the data that have been collected in

W. C. Robertson, Pownal 92% n. n. ivlcnwcn, York Point 02% Heath Foster, Mnrshfield 92

James McPhail, Cornwall 91% George McMillan, Cornwall .. 90.. B. R. Brown, York 89% Joseph Mcfsaac, Glencoe 87% D. H. Murchison, North River 8'1

M. 8r R. Diamond, Colville 82%

PRINCE COUNTY Irish Cobblers Possible Score 100 ‘ A. D. O'Brien, Ellmsdale ..-... 92%

IHOTSCG Wright, lacdequc

N. W. lilklleod, Bridgetown 89.1 Clifford liicEvzcrl, St. Peters .. 8'): T. J. Klckham, Sourig . . . . . . .. 83.‘

QUEENS COUNTY

John MacDonald, Mt. Royal Walter J. Green, Summerside

Birchiield Yeo, Central Lot i6 96.8 W. H. MacGregor, Central WM"

Iot i6 ............... ass J. o. Hyfldman, Rocky Pout 93-1-1’ Ralph Monkley, Miscouche.... 95.9 Colin MllcPhaii, Cornwall 92. -l'. Alfred Simpson, st. Elleanors,.. can Leo Prsucllt, chcrry V111Qv 91-1-11

Benjamin Calms, Summerside 95.5 W. J. Drake, Cornwall 9151-1‘ Roy McNeill. Oiilealy 95.0 James MacPhnll, Cornwall 9071-1!

Wilbur B. Jones, y " OATS (Zliarlotioiouol . . . . . . . . . . . .. 899-11

Gordon McEwen, York Point 89.81

and quality, but have the earliness oi-Alaclity. ’

v .'B_re‘ak~O' Day‘ although a. desir- able tomato, it was not quite early enough-to be in the first early har- vest, but is a promising variety.

‘ Thegrower that can produce an early,_high quality product is usu- ally-thev fortunate one.

of these is comparatively small. The grass family is a very large one, and consists of over 5,000 species.

varieties. The grasses are divided

dies the second year? and peren-

~--us lr mi-

the valuable grasses of Canada.

- growth into bunch or hay grasses and turf or pasture grasses. Some are of course, intermediate in habit, and are useful for both hay and

pasture. Timothy is the outstand- ing bunch or hay grass in the

miumu Pllfl-‘Y roan

The success, followillgtlle uteiof ‘this popular "Imperial" product during, past seasons. 11w clearly proven§ils~ merits to ourslllflrldliddil Iliiclllrl. W110 are planting‘ on feeding liberally ‘this year.

0ur>iformula_,is specially suited .io the; needs of. the you] and. growing foxeqisfrieh inivitamincl.

' preventative of rickets.‘ l

P ' 1110011117 be dared “Co;g”wto" suit ftreqranebgiis- requirements.

. Utility/Gigi!“ as to befsurvoi rmlvlnr Your

Maritime Provinces. It gives greater yields imder favourable conditions than the other grasses and is re- lished by all farm animals, but particularly by horses, and is es- Jpeciaily suited to driving horses, as it does not have the laxative effect usually produced by meadow fes- cue. Some of the other good hay grasses are: Orchard grass. Write-I'll itye andthe feacues. 'I'i'leae are all Yearlier grasses than timothy, and though they do not produce such [heavy yields, they mature with car- ly red clover and are very desirable for mixed hay. They are usually from ten days to two weeks earlier than timothy, and should be cut whm in bloom.

Timothy iralso very useful as a pasture grass, and because of the easeurith which it can be sown it has predominated in pastures on Prince Edward island. With it should be sown such good pasture glasses as Kentucky, blue grass. meadoov fescue, orchard grass and for poor soils, brown top and other bent grasses. Some oi these will produce good pasture two weeks

9m": “Flue” or pmduce pasturu after timothy has

dried out. Closers.

supply {ligand tiiao as a hem"- dehand is anticipated. y

llnilerisll,-liisjellii company. 1-111- 119; 446', '

In order that we may have hay

plants are used, but the iHIDOItBIXCElIIIEDtG-l Station we have found that

Oi thus there may be nearly soc in the Maritime Provinces, but only about 50 have altered into coni-, melee and are known as cilltivatedlhave given the best Yields of 1111i’ "wmmemi:

into three groups, as annuals, such I as Teif and Western Wolf-ha, which ‘soils, a pounds of timothy, 1 pound both bay and vwure in the MM- live only one year; biennials, such as Italian rye grass, that seeds and nials. such as timothy and most of

These perennial grasses are again divided according to their habits of

earlierthaslutimothy and will also

recent years in Europe and Can- ada showing that young grass con- tains much more nourishment than where the plans mature.

Summary. To sum up briefly then,

‘a generous seeding was a good form oi insurance in getting good stands of grass and clover from season to season. an fairly fertile land l0 pounds oi timothy, 8 pounds oi red clover and 1 to 2 pounds of alsikei

W8

‘and the best quality of hay over iii <1) ‘Iluli- ilddlildudl 8mm 1* |len_y._.al- pel-l0(l_ 0,, average lsilmdhsown with timothy and clover for

of orchard grass, 1 pound oi 1111165 Pmvllwes-

meadow fescue, 4 pounds of red (3) T1181 l-ncreds“ “ma” °f clover, 4 pounds oi alfalfa, 1 pound clover be mu- uud "he" 111m 11- °; llallm and l pound o; white “m, suitable fertile soil alfalfa could be would probably produce even bet- added W "dvmtafl- ' tre results than were obtained with i3) Thai manure id 111d be“ l"-

Hebel- Hal-fly‘ Elnlsdale "u" 92 PRINCE ZTOUNTY Fred Hyde, Cornwall 893-11 Bil-chlrleld yea. central 9U‘ W. P. McNeil], 0'i..eary 946-15 Allison MacMillan, Fnlrvlcu’ 89.44 Hgwayd Rams”, llamlllon __ 90% '1'. H. E. Enman Summerside 945-15 Harry Hyde, Cornwall . . . . .. 8811-1 John slmpwll’ Hamllwn _____' 86% Elmer Taylor, Mlalpeque 942-14 John C. Miller, Cornwall .. 884-: ma,“ away,’ mrlemn Keir Woodside, Hamilton .. 94. -14 D. H. Milrchlson North River 86.44 l; lg“ 81% Sanford Phillips, O‘Leary .. 938-14 James Drake, Cornwall 8-". ~1-

Green Mountains

W. Russell Rogers Coleman .. 92% T. H. E. mmsn. Summer-side

R. R. Joseph Foley, Klldare . W. C. Iveavltt, Alberton .