The Guardian

P.E.1., by Thomson Newspapers: Lid.. Tan A. Burnett, Publisher and Genera) Manager F Frank Walker, Kditer Member Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Association

. Member of The Canadian Press : Sotfices at Summerside, Montague and Alberton

FRIDAY, FEB. 6, :1959.

_ German Questions: European reports suggest tha¢ here is a difference of opiniun ” mong the Western allies as to how handle the Berlin problem. It is ymoured that France and West Ger- favour a strict “no concession 9 the Russians” policy. If there is » be a‘conference, they want the Berlin issue to be discussed—and de- separately, not in conjunc ion with negotiations seeking to re-- ify West and East Germany. Bri-_ ain and the United States, on the her hand, are said to favour a gen- | discussion on al]l German ques- tions, including the status of Ber- in. It is even thought that they might be willing to discuss other methods of reunification besides free higelections—something which goes ‘pontrary to the views of the French | and West Germans. There may bé nothing to these re- ‘eorts of dissension. But the fact that nited States Secretary of State Dulles saw fit to make a special trip fo London, Paris and“Bonn at this time would seem to indicate that the normal diplomatic exchanges have ane been entirely satisfactory. On the subject of Berlin, as good ‘an appraisal as we have seen was ‘pontained in a recent letter to the tNew York Times from Senator Ja- fob K. Javits, Republican of New York. Mr. Javits wrote, in part: is is the crucial moment of de- sision. If the Western allies retire from Berlin on Soviet terms, we may well be losing not only Europe t the cold war and the cause of axiom itself. Every member of ongress should be aware of al] the in support of the Western World’s position as thoroughly sound | ain terms of law, in terms of agree- It ments, in terms of policy, in terms of our fidelity te-our eommitments— and in terms of the repeated failure. 1 the Soviet Union to keep its com- mitments. “The United States can and should forward fundamental proposals ; dealing with security, disarmament, “guarantees against any future ag- ession and for nuclear arms limit- tion. But in adopting \a flexible. pos- ture to increase the chances for ne gotiating a settlement, we must not desert our certain knowledge that the Soviet Union under the guise of # promoting world peace is trying now to force us into quitting Berlin, Heaving it an isolated, sterile neut- Yalized area.

“If we yield to this demand by the Soviets, than we shal] not have encouraged peace. Rather we shall have entouraged a prelude to war, for appeasement is historically a prelude to war”.

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Integration In Virginia

The first public school integra- tion in Virginia history started on w Feb. 2 at Norfolk and Arlington. It will only be on a token basis. In Norfolk, some 17 Negroes have joined nearly 7,000 white students in six secondary schools. In Arling-” ton, next to Washington, four Negro

pupils entered Stratford Junior High with 1,076. white youngsters. It was four years and 262 days m@ since the Supreme Court decision banned public school segregation.

In special emergency session, the Virginia legislation has provided an escape for pupils who refuse to at- 4°tend integrated schools. It- repealed : the state’s compulsory school at- tendance law, and offers tuition grants of up to $250 for the private education of students. School autho- tities in Norfolk and Arlington have prepared against violence.

But the most impressive fact in the situation is the attitude of the ‘white students. It is best expressed

by 63 student members of Key » Club honor society, at the “Norfolk high schools, who said ‘in a_ paid ‘advertisement that they believed “regardless of their personal feel- ings, the students of our respective whools will conduct themselves with & dignity that will bring credit to yur city.” They said: “It is of the atmost importance to all of us that the orderly reopening is completed

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reveal in his annual report to Par-

~ which participants develop friend-

so. that we may proceed with our immediate objective—to obtain an education.”

is attitude, notes the Christ- ian Science Monitor, was in contrast with that of some adults, particu- | larly in Avlington, where a group of prosegregationists announced that they would seek. to persuade _children, not to board the school _ buses and go to school. The children whorare~standing up against such atmosphere. and emotions deserve a lot of credit, And not the least credit. should go to the Negro: children who are such a tiny minor. ity -as they walk down the long - corridors.

_ General Councils

In view. of Pope John’s call for a General Council—to take place probably in 1961—for the special purpose of considering Christian unity, it may be interesting to take Se. brief look at a few of the his- “torically important Councils of the past. There have been only 20 in more than 1600 years.

The first Couricil and perhaps the most important from a_theo- logical standpoint was held in the year 325. This became known as the Council of Nicaea. It developed the Nicene creed which defined the Church’s doctrine regarding the divinity of Christ. It also arranged a formula for dating Easter.

The Council of Ephesus took place in 481. This resulted, among other things, in a pronouncement declaring the Virgin Mary to be the Mother of God. In 681 the Council of Constantinople defined the divine and human wills in Christ as two distinct principles.

The Council of Trent, the 19th in number and the longest of all the Councils, began in 1545 and continued, with some interruptions, for 18 years. It spanned the reigns of five Popes. It was called primar- ily to examine the charges levelled at the Church by the reformer Martin Luther. It also brought about many developments in\ the discipline of the Church. The last Council was called into session by Pope Pius IX in December 1869.

A General Council speaks with the same authority as that vested in the Pope in matters of faith and morals. However, its decisions must be ratified by the Pope before they are considered valid.

EDITORIAL NOTES

The sinking of the Danish ship “Hans Hedtoft” with an apparent loss of 95 lives shows that, despite all the modern means of communi-

* they do.

TRIGGER HAPPY : WOOD ISLANDS FERRY eek! tes’ tar ane ae

No one seems to know why federal Government projects have a nasty tendency to cost two or three times as much as had been anticipated at the time that they were launched. But

Auditor General Watsor Sel- lar’s anual report to Parilia- ‘ment, covering the fiscal year ending March 31, 1958. contains the fascinating case history of the Wood Islands Ferry

Some years ago, as Mr. Sel- lar tells it, Parliament approv- ed the expenditure of $250,000 to start construction of a car ferry to run between Wood Islands, Prinee Edward Island, and the Caribou, N.S. Such a ferry ser- vice was already in operation, with the federal Treasury sub-

sidizing * to the of some $158,000 a year. ¢ additional | vessel, which was to cost a

grand total of $1.086,000-was for | the purpose of improving the ex- | isting service. | Now let's see what happened te this original cost estimate. Parliament approved the in itial expenditure on June %, | 1954. But it wasn’t until March, | of the following year, that Trea- | sury Board gave the project the green light. Treasury Board authorized the negotiation of a construction contract with a builder recommended by the

cation, seafaring is still a hazard- ous undertaking. + * Prince Rainier of Monaco has suspended the Constitution and dis- banded the Legislature of the tiny Principality to show the people that he rules “by divine right.” What- ever the sequel may be, the Prince’s action is certainly a novel one for this day and age. As a matter of fact, reports indi@ate that the people are behind him in the un- usual move. f . * It has been a long time since Canada’s Auditor-General did not have a series of “irregularities” to

liament. And we well remember the stern manner in which the op- position Conservatives used to chide Liberal Goyernments for the waste and extravagance of those irregu- larities. Well, this year’s\ report has its full complement of irregularities; and it is to be hoped that the Con- servatives, now on the Government side of the House, will take the necessary measures to put a stop to them.

* *

For a longer period than any of us. can remember, the Y.M.C.A. has been serving this community in keeping with the highest ideals of its founders. It has always concen- | trated on youth programs, primarily in groups asuch as, clubs, classes, athletic teams, camp life, ete., in

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Ship, skill in forming and carrying out purposes and ability to work with others. It is supported finan- ‘ cially only in part by membership dues, and its expanded activities in recent years have naturally added .to the expense of operation. An ap- peal is being made to the public: next week for support of this worthy institution, arid it is hoped the re

‘# smoothly and quickly as possible

The apparent solidity of the. Opposition front in Parliament | hid a Maritime rift. Lobsters | have divided.New Brunswick Li- | berals like bootlegging never did. Between M. Robichaud, MP ‘ Lib.) and M. Michaud, M.P. ‘Lib), a/| guif opened yesterday crawling | with what M. Michaud calls ille gal lobsters.

M. Michaud, MP, discussing fl- legal lobsters, did not get Gone | to defining them. What makes a | lobster illegal, whether birth, an-| cestry or inclination, he did not say. He only said illegal lobsters

“were being found in quantity in

possession of certain N Bruns. | wick fishermen and ing must be dorie about it at once, something drastic and effective.

Here the guif vawned, dividing Liberal representative Robichaud of Gloucester, N. B., from Lib- eral representative Michaud of Kent. Discussing lobster poach- | ers of his province in the House only last week M. Robichaud had | warned with passion against dras- | tie doings towards them. : SOFT MEASURES

Better, he said, to woo a lob- ster poacher from sin by gentle | talks at wharf-ends or even in. the corner store than to risk) alienating his affections by the| strong - arm measures present- ly in vogue among federal fish- eries officers in N.B.

Cuban practices like making a fisherman prove his right to the lobsters in his possession could no longer be tolerated in New Brunswick, M. Robichaud said. M Conservatives in power did not cease and desist from them forthwith the consequences

Handling Lobster Poachers

Judith Robinson tn The Toronto Telegram

How The Cost Went Up

Arthur Blakely in The Montreal Cazette

Canadian Maritime Commission, with the work to proceed on a “price to be negotiated basis.” ADDS PROMISE

Treasury Board added the pro- mise that “although the even- tual cost of the vessel is esti- matéd at $1,500,000, the expen- diture under the contract is to be limited to $1,000,000 pending completion of price negotia- tions.””

So, even before the contract was let, the ceiling was raised, tentatively at least, by a sub-

stantial amount.

Comments Mr. Sellar: “The next pertinent Treasury Board minute is dated Oct. 2A, 1956,

and approved a contract at cost plus a fixed fee of $85.000. with a cost ceiling of $1,420,000

But this modest reduction from the proceeding Treasury Board estimate of \probable final cost was not to last

On Feb. 1. 1957, the Board in- creased the cost ceiling to a:new high of $1,950,000.

But it soon became appare that this still wasn't enough. Aad on July 18, 1957, the Trea- sury Board, increased the extent of the funds available to the project to $2,462,930. It did this, it said. “because of design changes and modifications in troduced by the Department of Transport."

could be dreadful, and he, He- dard Robichaud, MP ‘Lib.) Gloucester, N. B., would not be responsible for them

Herve Michaud, MP ‘Lib.) for Kent, N. B., on the other hand wanted strong - arm measures persisted in and no fooling. Oth- erwise illegal lobsters will get right out of hand in New Bruns- wick.

M. Michaud is not against gent- le talk if accompanied by force

ful action. He suggests films on |

the life history and habits of the lobsters to be run concurrently with raids on local lobster poach- ers. Lobster poaching, M. Michaud explained, is an evil which will remain in New Brunswick no matter how mmany films on the | lobster’s faMily life the Domin-| ion Department of Fisheries may. show in Kent, or in Gloucester either; ‘‘and this is when the de- partment with its protective staff | will have to intervene with the appropriate measures to master the situation.” as VIEWING WITH ALARM

The best - intentioned lobster fishermen im New Brunswick want the situation mastered, M. Michaud assured the House. None who has lost lobsters: it seems, can share M. Robichaud's fear that getting tough with lobster thieves will endanger Confeder- ation or even seriously threaten the peace, order and good govern- ment of New Brunswick.

The best - intentioned lobster fishermen want all who -har- bor illegal lobsters forced to pay a two-dollar fine for every illegal lobster found in; and maybe lose

Did you know of the earliest British migrations to this pro- vince?

A great many Islanders can trace their ancestry- back to pas- sengers on such ships as the “Falmouth” to Covehead (1770), “Annabella” to Malpeque (1770), ‘Alexander’ to Scotchfort (4772) “Snow Elizabeth’’ to New London (1774), “Polly Dykes,” and “Oug- hten” to Belfast District (1803), “Clarendon” (1808), “Valiant” (1817) two trips.

Others can point with pride to ancestors who came here, 1782 onwards, from the United States following the American Revol- utionary War; these were Loyal- ists. Our population grew rapidly in

Early British Migration

P. E. Island Historical Sdclety

Charlottetown elaimed 1,440. Small as the population was, much trade was carred on, for in 1825 eighteen vessels from Great Britain and one hundred and twenty-eight ‘from British colonies called at our ports; aif ot which “hustle and bustle must have made the residents very thirsty, for in that year they imported 54,000 gallons of rum, 2500 gallons ‘of brandy, 3,000 gallons of Geneva and 2,000 gal- lons of’ wine, which provided the rather good ration of about 2.7 gallons per man, woman and in- fant.

During 1829-1830 many settlers came in from the Old Country and the census of 1833 showed a Bopulation, oA 32,000. By 1855 it

the 1800's. The census taken in

sponse will be generous.

1827 showed 23,473 souls of which .

had risen to 71,000, and in 1861 to 90,856.

for |

again — this time to a figure of $2,935,500. The Board €ited four reasons for the change: (1) earlier estimates had been ‘“‘un- realistic’; (2) further modifica- tions had been ordered: (3) late steel deliveries had delayed con- struction and, finally, (4) “‘lim- ited experience of contractor in production of a vessel of this complexity.”

Finally, on April 24, 1958, Treasury Board authorized the expenditure of a further $224,- 557 on the project on the grounds ethat it was “required to meet in- creased costs."’ That hoisted the total to $3,160,057.

The Department of Transport accepted tielivery on April 25, 1958. Up to the close of the 1957- 58 fiscal year, payments made on the project totalled $3,079,000.

But there was more to come.

“In addition,” Mr. Sellar re- ports, “there are payments to the firm of naval architects res-

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ponsible for the plans and speci- fications and supervision of con- struction. This firm received a fee of 11'2 per cent plus certain out-of-pocket expenses, etc., and to the end of 1957-58 had been paid $372,060.

“This, a project originally listed im the 1954-55 estimates as having an estimated =

cost of $1,086,000, has cost more than three times that amouat, and without the records. disclos- ing the need to proceed without negotiating a firm price contract after tenders had been invited.”

their licenses too. i

There it is. The lobster chasm has opened between one third and another third of the New Bruna, wick Liberal representation in | the Commons of Canada. And | the third third may as well stay out of it. Being a newspaper pub- ‘lisher, he had better. This vital) matter of illegal lobsters has div- ided his fellow Liberals and that is enough. Let us ali tiptoe away.

The Senate foreign relations committee, one of the most pow-_ erful legislative units in the West- ern world, is switching its com- mand in a move that may have profound effects on the future course of American foreign pol- icy. ‘

At his own request, the com- mittee has relieved 91-year-old Theodore F. Green of Rhode Island as chairman and now is placing control in the capable hands of William Fulbright, 53, widely-travelled Arkansan who is a Rhodes -scholar, a former uni- versity president and is endowed with one of the most brilliant minds in Congress.

Political control of the commit- tee remains unchanged. Both Green and Fulbright are Demo- crats, and. the Democrats hold control by virtue of the 60-34 margin they command in the Senate itself.

MATTER OF APPROACH

The significance of the develop- ment, coming at a time when East and West are approaching a showdown on Berlin, lies in the approach the two men have taken to the conduct of foreign- policy by State Secretary John Foster Dulles, its chief architect since the Eisenhower administration came to power in 1952.

Senator Green, though still spry ‘m4 91, has suffered increasingly from poor eyesight and poor hearing, impairments that have tended to reduce his effectiveness as committee chairman. He has been critical of Dulles’ policies but, in the opinion of some of his fellow congressmen, not critical enough.

Senator Fulbright iong has been one of the administration's most outspoken critics in the foreign field. His quarrel has not been so much with the basic principles of American foreign pdlicies, but rather with its application. INADEQUATE, OUTMODED

He has belabored Dulles on the grounds of inflexibility and de- Tided the state secretary's insist- ence that the Soviet system is go- ing into a decline. But he has not spared his own party. Last

Fulbright In Control

By George Kitchen Canadian Press Staff Writer

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, Place both hands along- side his head with the fingers extending under his chin. Us the middle fingers of both hands to lift the lower jaw from be neath so that it ‘‘juts out.’’ Hold the jaw in this position. with

STEADY ACTION

Next.‘ place your> mouth over the child's mouth and nose so that you form a fairly leakproof seal. With a_ steady, smooth action, breathe into the child's

mouth until you see his chest rise. As, you ‘begin this . action

place your free hand on the youngster’s abdomen between the ribs and the navel. Apply moderate but continuous pres- sure with this free hand to keep the stomach from becom- ing filled with air.

When the child's lungs are in- flated, remove your mouth from his face and permit’ them to empty by themselves.

Repeat this procedure am the rate of about 20 cycles per min- ute. Remember, keep one hand beneath the jaw and the other applying firm pressure to the stomach A DEEP BREATH

After each cycle of ®, rest long enough ~- to take a good

deep breath. Should you at any time feel resistance to your breathing

and notice that the chest doesn’t rise, turn 'the voungster upside down and strike him on the back again to dislodge whatever might be blocking the air pas- sages.

This is only first aid treat- ment. ‘remember. It doesn't re- place the work of a doctor or firemen with a resuscitator. I merely helps out until they ar- rive.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

M.V.: What causes spots ‘ppear before your eyes?

Answer: Spots before the eyes may be due to anemia, hypertension or diabetes.

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From The Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGE (Feb. 6, 1934)

A petition is now being § cir- culated among gunners of the Province by the Fish and Game \ssociation in an endeavér ‘*o have an e@pen season set for the ‘hooting of black ‘bellied plover sath year. It is requested that he season last from October 15 o November 15 each year.

to

The first car to be seen on the stree's of Summerside for some time is Col. P.G. Dawson's Pon- tiac sedan. Col. Dawson, who is manager of Dominion Fur Sales, has been driving across the ice

country’s foreign policy, as car- ried out by both Democratic and Republican administrations since the end of the war, has been “‘in-

adequate, outmoded and mis- directed.” Fulbright’s rising importance

on the Washington scene was demonstrated by the speed with which Dulles turned to him for consultation on the eve of the state secretary's departure Tues- day for talks with the British and the French on the German ques- tion

The U.S. Senate, and through it the ‘foreign relations commit- tee, draws much of its power from the constitution, which states specifically that foreign treaties must be made ‘‘by and with the consent” of the Senate. This binds the president and his secretary of: state closely to the ; committee in the determination of policy and in the guidance of foreign relations.

POWERFUL PAST...

But senators, dependent on pop- ular vote for their stay in office, tend to represent their individual states and few have been able to rise above local interests in con- sidering matters of foreign pol- icy. Many presidents, Democratic

>

NOTES BY

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why I am here today is that luck- ily nobody asked me whether I was a Communist or not.” It will probably be remembered

‘ong after what he said about+.

such matters as Berlin is forgot- ten.—Globe and Mail

The French government “has | announced its intention of deck ing its soldiers in more glamor- ous uniforms. Here is an idea the | Department of Defence might | look into as a recruting measure A uniform sharp enough to turn the head of a pretty girl is the ticket, for it would also turn the steps of young men toward the recruiting office.<Toronto Tele gram :

Let the non-supporter of fish- ing scoff and call it a lazy sport. Little does he know the peregrin- -ations of the fisherman's mind, what inventions, great works of art, or even solutions to some of the world’s most pressing prob- lems may evolve. The size of the fish caught is incidental. It's what fishing does to the inner man that counts. It is one of the few havens of peace and quiet left to him.—Regina Leader-Post

The average Prairie farmer is a hard-minded and prudent man with his feet set firmly on his fertile earth. He clearly be- lieves that his interests cannot be served by involvement in part- isan politics. After his experience in the old Progressive Party of the nineteen-twenties, he evident- ly sees that no party can succeed nationally if it is based on a single class. area or interest.—Victoria Times ?

to his home in Bedeque for the Past few days.

TEN YEARS AGO (Feb. 6, 1949)

Plans to restore “Green Gab- les’ to a farmhouse of the ‘‘Ann’”’ period with a staff on hand to ex- plain to visitors the various spots mentioned in the “Ann” book are being proceeded with, it was learned yesterday. It is possible there will be facilities for a lunch room and also that a golf pro- fessional will be secured for the modern course located there.

The retirement of Mr. R.H. Rogers as Prothonotary of the Supreme Court and Registrar of the Court of Chancery, has been announced. Mr. Rogers who held this position for the past twenty. years, will be succeeded by Mr. Gordon Holmes, K. C., barrister, who will commence his duties on February 15th.

MAXIMS

our-peo. | has reached Commander A.J. Co- : tae

“

THE WAY

le to model the satienel teties

force on Canada’s RCMP — yet.

another instance of a fore gn country profiting by the exn>ri-

ence a organization of Caa- ada's sha

or law enforcement ee Journal. An unusual “export order”

Bham. RN: iretd.), + of the Porchester Sea Scouts. It

is for 400 cannon balils.to add

realism to the battlements of St. Katherine's Fort, Bermuda. In the past two years Commander Cobham and his scouts have been retrieving cannon balls from ‘he mud of the upper reaches of °ortsmouth harbor, near Porches- ‘er Castle. So far they have found about 70. and Americans have een among the best customers ‘or them. They sell for 5 cents each, and the proceeds go to the Baden Powell Memorial Fund. —London Times Weekly.

FRUIT In his stage-lit window the fruit

erer kneels Pondering, building oranges ‘te mounds Or tenuous pyramids. With ae artist's zeal He rearranges, fully; sound Stops before his gaze and he ig lost as. Phidias Between the baffling claims ef color and mass.

transfers care

Passersby stop to woader and smile,

Not seeing that in final shape, ia patterned blaze,

ete of slope or curve-edge pile,

Fruit steals- song from time's freighted river... He weighs

Position, hue and places five lemons, small grained suns

To his left and to the right tries noctural plums .. .

—Charles Farber,

’ in the N.Y. Times,

The Age Old Story

He that findeth his life shall lose it, and he that loseth his life for My sake shall find it.

SUMMERSIDE, P.E.L

TENDERS FOR SUB TRADES

TENDERS will be received by the undersigned until 5 p.m.

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1959.

for all sub trade prices required in the construction of a Stané ard Intermediate Cantilever Hangar, R.C.A.F. Station, Sum- merside, P. E. I.

Lowest or any tender not neces sarily accepted.

TERMINAL CONSTRUCTION Division of Henry J. Kaiser Company (Canada) Ltd.) : 4920. Western Avenue Montreal 6, P. Q. HUNTER 9-7531

The human race has only one really effective weapon and that |

is laughter.

defeat at the hands of the Senate and its foreign relations commit- tee on important foreign policy proposals.

Woodrow Wilson, for example, saw the committee shatter his, dream of a truly effective League | of Nations when it turned down his proposal for American mem- . bership in the league.

Under an active chairman, the committee is capable of exercis- ing immense influence and both Eisenhower and Dulles now may find they will have to pattern | their foreign policy practices | more closely along the lines of | the views held by its new chair- man,

most inexpensive

salesman you can employ ---a

GUARDIAN - PATRIOT

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| “The Nation’s Business”

TONIGHT

8:45 P.M. Station CBA

HEAR.

Wm. HAMILTON

POSTMASTER GENERAL

EL. MORRIS HALIFAX Dr. J. SLOGAN SPRINGHELD

fn the radio series

The Progressive Conservotive Party

and Republican alike, have met |

158 Queen St.

August, he told the Senate the

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