"A IIT HAZARDOUS" ' Sealing Ships Are Smaller But Have Aerial Spotting

By GERALD PIIIIAN

Canadian Press ltd WI-use ST. JOHN'S. Nfld. (CPI-This it the time of the Inual Ieal ltunt on the endless Held! of rlosc-packed ice cruoting the IIII air Jewfoundland.

The sealing cry was rung across the island for generations. bring- ing men from the otrtports to alga aboard sealing ships at St. John's -.sucli vessels as the stubby Al- goriiie. I 7liHon ice-breaker that last year brought home 23.000

rlls Pllarlier this month. five New- foundland vessels sailed, with I lnlal of 170 men. and I sixth was to follow. Another eight vessels sailed from Halifax.

But the quletdeparture of the sturdy little ships was I great cottlrast to the seal hunts of for- lll('l' years. Newfoundlandera first I)('LZ2ill to kill seals in the 18th cen- mrv, By the 18405 great fleets were taking nearly 700.000 seals annually.

T.-ll.l.-MASTER OLDTTMERS

'l'he peak was reached Ills! I i-ontury ago, and since then the Il1(IUSlf'y has slowly declined be- cause of shrinking markets. In 1537 it ileet of 400 tall-mastcd sinus with 13,500 men aboard re- turned from the ice-fielda with I catch worth Sl.700.000.

Last year the Algerine, her III- tt-r ship Terra Nova and the Hall- fax-uwtted Arctic Prowler oper- tiled out of St. John's. They car- rtt-d 202 hunters and took 'I2.5E st-ais. Landsmen hunting from ice- Iitlllfld outports killed another 5.- 000, to make the catch worth 356,-

S8 Accidents 57 Arrests 63 Convictions

"Poor travelling conditions." acre seen as I contributing fac- lor in many of the motor vehicle accidents investigated by the ritarlottetown City Police accord- ing to the Department's reoprt for lltt' month of February. submit- led by Chief C.W. MacArthur to the regular monthly meeting of the my Council Monday night. Dur- ing this period one person was kill- ed as a result of an accident in- tttlving I motor vehicle. and I child was injured in another Ic- rttient. In all 58 accidents involv- lnit motor vehicles were investig- ated by the City Police Force dur- ing February.

BREAKS

Tito Police Chief's report indic- atrd that I number of cases involv- llltl breaking. entering and theft here in the process of investiga- tion by his department. During the month of February the City Police at-rt-strd 57 persons. a substantial dt-rrcase from the number arrest- ed during the same period last yrar.

(hit of the 57 arrests 55 convic- tions were obtained and the other two were dismissed. A breakdown of the offences indicates that drunk and inrapables accounted for more than 50 percent with 81 Irreota Ind 29 convictions. this was follow- ed by vagrancy with ll arrests and convictions in all cases: next came drunk and disorderly. six and six, disorderly conduct. throo Ind three.

Drunken driving and driving whilst impaired each resulted in two arrests and convictions with I total otszoo collected in fines T.-Ilf-'fl of I motor vehicle and joy- "dmli each accounted for.one.

A total of eight offetidon Ip pearcd in court by way of gum. tnonx. and convictions were obtain- cddtn Four were for offences un or I by-law regulating taxi cabs. Another wag for gbgmmtw of I fire hydrant. one appeared charged under the Highway '1';-gr. itc Act and the eighth was convict- ” '0' "NIH"! and abusive lan-

fllgt. ECOVERED

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Annual rneattag of Port A b' Amociatlou

irrins 41:. March In Port Atisuus I 128.

test.

Two years ago 35.56! seals were killed but their larger Iiao brought IUAU. '

No scaling ships have been lost since 1958. when three vessels sank without loss of life. but the hunt has produced its tragedies.

when the southern Cross sank in IBM there were 173 men lost, and 78 when the Newfoundland went down.

CLUBBED BY HUNTERS

When the ships get into the ice fields hunters leap from their sides each dawn and make their way across the treacherous foot- ing in small parties. Old seals flcetat their approach but the hunters club the young ones. to "sculp" the silken-haired pelts and cut the meat.

Charges of brutality have b:en levied against the seal hunt. In answer, Capt. Harold Latte says "it's no more cruel than domestic slaughter-houses. A sharp rap and the whole thing is over." He is the 3tryear-old skipper of the Al- gerine. boss of the 75 men she carries to the ice.

Seals increase in value in their first three weeks of life. Large whiteconts bring the best prices, but after three weeks their color darkens and mottles, and value falls off sharply. They are then known as "heaters." Three-yeah old seals are ”bedlamers." and they mate at four years.

Capt. Laite says seals "pup around the first of March, and we start killing them around the l0th."

The hunt is "I bit hazardous."

Capt. Lalte admits. "but It's not too bad with good weather. We try to work the Ihlp towards the men."

Aerial surveys that nowadays spot the seal herds are vital to the hunt. "We don't have the big powerful ships they had years ago," he Mid. "They could get through more ice in I day than we can in I week. It would be useless for us to start searching in heavy IR. We'd likely just get

jammed." It looked like I hard path to the Ice this year. said Capt.

Laite. The ice was close to shore. hard and thick. and I severe win- ter had extended the fields.

Most of the ice at the front of the fields comes from west of Greenland and carries mostly harp seals. distinguished by their lyre-like markings. Ice from east of Greenland carries the rarer hood seals, disfnguished by the loose folds of skin about their beads.

by agreement between Canada and Norway. whose ships com- pete with the Canadians in the North Atlantic. killing may begin March 5 on the St. Lawrence Gulf and on March 10 at the leading edge of the more distant ice packs.

The seal hunters receive no wages. but share the catch. Last year top shares were less than 3250 for a six-week voyage. This year pelts of young harp seals will fetch 89 per quintal of llz pounds. Young hoods are worth Sll I quintal. Older seals bring much less.

WARBLE FLY CONTROL

As March approaches cattle- men should be checking the backs of cattle for warble grttbs. The Warble Fly is considered the worst and the most expensive pest of beef and dairy cattle. Besides causing cattle to "gad" or stam- pede during the summer, when the flies lay their eggs. the grubs bur- row through the anlmal's body for about 9 ”. causing much pain. irritation and unthriftinesa. Packing plants report consider- able loss in trimming caysts from valuable back and loin cuts. The csttleman gets I lower price for warble infested cattle. plus a re- duction of up to 10 per cent in beef and up to 25 per cent loss in milk production. t

The only practical means of con- trol consists of destroying grubs when most of these are mature in the backs of cattle. Derris or rotenone powder sold as warble powder or warble wash should be used. Small herds can be treated by rubbing warblo power Into the grub holes or scrubbing the backs of cattle with I warble wash. For treating larger herds or numer- ous herds. I high prussure power sprayer is most suitable. It is es- sential that the insecticide pene trate through the hole of the grub, regardless of type of treatment used. Instructions on the insecti- cide containcr should be closely followed. Two to three treatments spaced 30 days apart should con- trol most of the grubs as they mI-

ture HOG RAISING

This Province has led the way in producing the type of bacon hog the market demands. In or- der to continue this lead it is nec- essary to have I sound hog raising programme. Here In ten P011111 which Ivory hog rsioor should con- sider.

1. Start with good seed stock. 1. Pr-ovidr management facilities that allow the E

AGRICULTURAL NEVIS

P. E. I. Department II Agdcal-I

best be used has been carefully observed and while it differs be- tween alslke and sweet clover. recommendations can now he made. For seed set of sweet clov- er. one colony of honey been to the acre seems best: for alsike, not less than one colony for two acres is recommended.

A very low population of wild bees in the Beaverlodgc area dur- ing the past season offered I bet- ter than usual opportunity for the study of hone-bee pollination of crops. You have to have pollina- tors in order to have seed yields. say the scientists. and they prove their point with results. Cages through which bees could neither enter nor leave were used on por- iions of the sweet clover crop. In some cages occupied by the been the yield was 1817 lbs. per acre.

Where there were no bees the.

yield was 88 lbs.

That you can't judge seed yield solely from the number of honey- bees on a crop was also shown. On yellow blossom sweet clover. 2.3 honeybees per square yard per day was the average for the sea- son and the seed yield was 705 lbs. per acre. On white blossoms sweet clover. with the bees numbering 2.6 per square yard. 1.706 lbs of seed per acre resulted. A much better stand of the white blossom crop was an important reason for thlr difference. -

Observations of alfalfa showed 1.6 honeybees per square yard as the daily average for the season. Even this high population result- ed in only 32 lbs of seed per acre. again indicating that wild are necessary for effective alfal- fa pollination. Wild been on the crops studied averaged only 0.01 per square yard during the past year.

DAIRY FARM SANITATION

Every phase of food production has its own problems of sanita-

The following questions Im II- ttwers were tabled U do li- lattiro yesterday.

nr. L. George Dewar askoii tbs Minister of Welfare tho hllowiag questions y lit Who Ire the members of

the Social Welfare Board? How much salary does each receiver

12! How many are at proud receiving Iid. general rdiel. boar relief. or indigent relief, under the act? What number in each County? How many in Summer- slde? How many in Charlottetown?

13) What was the total paid in January 1957 for the typo of relief

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS TABLED IN LEGISLATURE

II QIIIIIOI No. If ANIWIII

. b I. (It Hon. FEW Phllllpl. Hol.

M.l.. Donnell. Hon. B. Earle Moc- Donald. lion. Eugene Cullen. lion Dougald MIcKinnon, and two pub ; lic servants of the Welfare Depart- moat staff. (bl Nil.

1. (I) 83 families or lol per- sons.

(bl Prince County, 100 or 562; Queens County, as or :61; Kings County, it! or 165: Suinme at-in. nil; Charlottetown. till.

i .75.

tion. and there is no field where proper sanitary procedures are more important than on dairy farm. Milk, by its very nature. II one of our best sources of balanc- ed nutrients. but it is also I won- derful medium for the growth of bacteria and, as such. had to be very carefully handled from the time it is withdrawn from the sow until the time it is placed on lb table for human consumption.

Sanitation on is dairy farm can be divided into three phasel. First there is the proper care of cows in order to insure a supply of milk that is pure and whole- some. Secondly, there is the pro- per care and preparation of uten- sils and, finally, a milking proce dure that will enable the dairy farmer to produce as much milk as possible from each cow. and to have that itiilk in such a condi- tion Ihat it will pass all tests re- quired by health and regulatory authorities.

Freedom from disease and free- dom from visible dirt are most important in the care of dairy herd. Such diseases as tubercu- losis. bruccllosis. mastitis, lepto- spirusis, Q fever. can be transmit- ted from affected cows to humans. so it is of prime importance that these diseases be eradicated from the dairy herd. Removal of infec- ted animals. prompt and thorough disinfection and constant super- vision of the cleanliness of the curl! will ” ' these hazards. The removal of visible dirt from the bodies and surround- ,ings of the dairy cows is also irri- portant and can be facilitated by regular clipping of cows, regular removal of manure, cleaning the surrountling walls and ceilings, and whitewashing all surfaces at least once a year.

It has been said that the milk- ing machine was the greatest boost that the dairy farmer has re- ceived in the past thirty years. While this is true, it can also be the greatest deterrent to produc- lng a clean. safe and sanitary milk supply. improper use and clean- log of milking machines can inter- fere with I cow's production, in- crease the incidence of mastitis and result in I lowered milk qual-

tty.

The milking machine must oper- ate at the proper vacuum at all times and should be checked regu- larly. This will help to decrease the incidence of mastitis and also prevent I decrease in individual milk production. Sanitation of the milking machine must i ' J im- mediate rinsing with cold or luke- warm water after use. storage of teat cups and tubes in I weak to.4 - 0.5 per cent) lye solution and I complete cleaning at least once a week of all parts with the use of an acid ' to . any milksione that may have built up on the surfaces.

All other utensils in use on ll dairy farm whould be rinsed thor- oughly and washed in hot water with a suitable detergent or wash- ing soda. Soap should not be used as it forms an emulsion with the milk fat and causes deposits on the inner surfaces of the utensils. Immediately before utensils are used for milking they should be sanitized with I solution of chlor- ine. quaternary ammonium or the newer iodine preparations.

A sutisfacto , milking proce- dure in to wash the uddcrs of the

cows just before milking. A suit-

able sanitizing agent should be added to water at about 100-110 degrees F. and an individual cloth or paper towel used for each cow in the milking line. The machine should be placed on the cow about one minute after washing. This will insure maximum milking pro- duction and contribute to the de- crease of mastitis.

A discussion on dairy farm san- itation would not be complete without some mention of the im- portance of the proper cooling of milk. Milk as it comes from the cow will contain bacteria in vary- ing numbers. If milk is not cool- ed promptly these bacteria will multiple until the bacteria popula- tion is so high that the milk may be rejected by the plant or other regulatory official.

To sum up we can say that if milk is produced from cows that, are healthy and clean, is handled by machines and utensils that are clean and sanitized. and then promptly cooled we will have a product that is of such high qual- ity, that it will be acceptable to all authorities and bring I oom- pensating reward to the produc- er.

The above article was prepared by Dr. James I. Higgins, Provin- cial Public Health Veterinarian. CLUB NEWS

0'Leary 4-ll Calf Club met at the home of Perley and Dana Mac- Neill on the evening of March 1st. Meeting opened by repeating the club pledge in unison. Roll call was answered by eight members.

Word was received that the Cape Wolfe 4-If Calf Club was interest- ed ln joining the 0'Leary Club a social evening.

It was moved and seconded that the O'Leary Club sponsor a play. Mr. Alvin Palmer was appointed in charge of business regarding some.

The members were divided in two groups for a study period. Leaders of the teams were Perley MIcNeill and Fenton Shaw. T's: score was 81 to 75 in favour of Perley's team.

Next meeting is to be held on. March 15 at the home of Mar-I lens and Willard Phillips. It was! moved and seconded that thel meeting be adjourned. A delicious lunch was then served by the com- mlttee in charge.

East Baltic 4-ll Calf Club met on Friday evening. January 15, It the East Baltic School. In the Ib- scnco of the president. the meet- ing waa called to order by the vice- preaideni, Ethan Garrett.

The meeting was opened by roll call which was answered by eight members. The minutes of the last meeting were read and

approved. It was moved and sec-

It the home of Verna Ind otta Macwllliams on March 1. The meeting opened with the mem- bers repeating the club pledge in unison. Minutes of the last meet- ing were read and approved. Roll call for next meeting is to be In- swered by your favorite song and singer. The next meeting its to be held at the home of Garfield Mac- Millan on Friday. April 5.

Verna Mncwillipms and Shendll Barwise gave I short talk on 4-H club work. It was moved by Er- nie O'Connor and seconded by Murray Eula that the meeting be adlourned.

Snmme ville 4-! Maple Lea! Calf Club met on February 20. 1957 in Summerville School. The meeting was opened by the recit- ing of the 4-H pledge followed by the reading of the inutes. Corres- pondence which was received from the Experimental Farm con- cerning the soil samples was read.

It was reported that there were six calves obtained for project work. The lottery which was it .tvrr was won by Tom Dunn. A total of 59.40 was taken in on this lottery.

An oral class with questions from the 4-H manual was then held. Lennie Hynes and Frank Cain were appointed to be on the program committee. A debate was then organized with Elmer I-lynco. Jimmy Boudivault and James Cain on the pro and Hose Praught, Estelle Wilson and Marie Curran on the con. The subject for this debate is "Can I Developc My Character Better in the Country than in the City."

Gowan Brae 4-H Calf Club met on February 14th for its second meeting of the year. Minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. Nine club members answered roll call. It was decided to hold the meetings on the third Friday on each month.

Four pages of the calf club handbook were read and discus- sed. Roll call fo the next meet- ing is to be answ-rod by your fav- orite sport.

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of the

of pigs per sow to be born and raised. 8. Set up I sound ' T; program that will produce pork as efficiently as possible. 4. Avoid disease. par site or nutrional lou- . HI definite goals to shoot t such as raising eight pigs or re per litter. weaning pigs Iv- er-aging to lbs. or more. market- ing pigs at five month. producing in lbs of pork on 400 lbs of feed or loss. 0. Keep accurate records at time weights. wosnins welsh!-I. daily gains. feed consumptiop.l etc. 7. Take steps to increase la- bor ofiiciency. 8. Keep hIrd flexi- iito so that it may be an-ndod or reduced easily. depending upony market conditions and feed III)-I

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