_§£-§E_FQURv_.___._- ~ THE ‘GUARDIAN. llirralag Daily (Fannie-d ll ill") Aulhorluil in: Qeivuuil Cline: Shil- l-‘eet Offloa Department, Othvve.

The luluud liunrillul ifiitrllehin: 0e.

Iilitur and Managing irlrorrtor, J. It. Burnett Annotate lfdllnr. Ifrinnb Waller.

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest ink.“

CHABLOTTETOWHV, FRIDAY, APRIL S, 1949

Science And ilumanlty

Even without Mr. Churchill's eloquent ad- dress the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- ogy's mid-century convocation on scientific pro- gress would have commanded national attention, says the New York Times. From the middle of the last century on, progress has meant largely scientific progress. lt has been assumed that, as science progressed humanity Would be mode happier. The distinguished scholars who partici- pated in M. I. T.'s convocation were convinced that science and technology were good. They also realized that two world wars, fought with the aid of science and technology, the invention of an atomic bomb that will bring death and de- struction in another war, economic distress brought to some regions of the world as other more mechanized regions developed with the aid of science, and the immense power given by the machine to industrial combinations must be weighed against medicine's conquest of infec- tious diseases, the development of new plants for agriculture, the discovery of hundreds of new fibers, drugs and flavors, the lights that festoon our principal avenues, the easy lives that we lead compared with those of our ancestors. Every discovery and invention is charged with good and evil. The time has come for a social appraisal of science. And appraisal w-as the function of the convocation.

lt is evident from the addresses, says The Times, that the scientists themselves are no longer content with painting an 'academic pic- lure of their accomplishments. Dr. John E. Bur- chard, who bears the significant title of "Dean of Humanities" at M. l. T., undoubtedly spoke for many when he interpreted science in terms

.of society instead of science for science's sake.

Human spiritual needs were considered by other speaker's, as well as the technician's obligation to enrich life in backward regions and save from possible starvation a world population that lSdQIOWIHQ at the rate of 200,000,000 every de- ca e. _

lt is one of the obvious defects of science that it has no direct way of satisfying spiri-tunl needs and that the satisfaction must come from wrtfrin man himself. The best that science can 5° '5 l0 "BUM the conditions for a flowe-ring of the spirit. '

Maritime Sponsorship Slow

The Moncfon Times complains that despite unanimous approval in the Maritime Provinces of the Chignecto canal project, Maritime mem- bets of Parliament have been slowlin sponsoring it on the floor of the House. Thus for in the present session only four of twenty-six repre- sentatives from these Provinces—two from New ‘Brunswick and two from Nova Scotio- have come forward to stress upon the Government the urgency of the construction of so strategic and imperative a waterway as that proposed across the Isthmus of Chignecto.

Hon. Percy C. Black, M.P. for Cumberland, and Mr. George C. Nowlan, K. C., M.P. for Dig- lry-Annapolis-Kings, brought the matter to the attention of the Commons, stressing particularly that the transportation pattern of the Atlantic provinces badly needs this new distance-reducing development at Chignecto, with its ndditionol od- vantages of providing a safe and sheltered sea passage lest any national emergency should en- sue. Moreover, it ho-Ids great potentialities as a source of hydro-electric power, a fundamental necessity in the upbuilzling of a greater indus- trial area in the Mqritimes which too long have lacked a sufficiency of this economic lifeblood.

"The full two-phase plan of a traffic artery and power source at'Chignecto is vitally import- ant to the greater developmental the Moritimes," says the Times. "Messrs. Black and Nowlan have rightly and emphatically stressed the need for immediate commencement of whatever further rnvestigational wcrk may be necessary so that the actual construction of the undertaking can be expedited. Towc-rds this ‘end the other mem- bets’ of Parliament, including the two cabinet ministers from these Provinces must combine to press forward this scheme in order that it son be proceeded with a.t the earliest possible

ime

Life Insurance Development Governmental social security measures have not had the adverse effect on life insurance business as was predicted some years ago, at least not in Canada. Outside the United States, we are today the best insured people in the world. At the end of, 1948 total life insurance in force in Canada amounted to an astronomi- cal figure equivalent to a little over $4,0l¥) for every family of four, or approximately $1.040 a head. Back in 1900, when social security meas- ures wdro unknown, life insurance amounted to only $81 per capila. -

One important development affecting life insurance investments during the past year was legislation giving the companies greater freedom in investing up to 3 per cent of their assets. This in effect allows the companies to buy cer- tain securities formerly prohibited and, within ‘the stated restrictions, to invest in revenue-pro- ducing mil estate.

in recent years, tho companies have been adversely affected by declining interest rates which fell from 6.16 pot cent in 192$ to 3.64 per cent in 1947 inn; Th: average rate for 1948 is estimated‘ about tiresome o: in, 1947 or better. the ‘war practically all new money bends. ln 1947. and

W MU adecldeil swing to mort- wrlih for the first time _ln N!!!» i 1M1 of conrponior showed a a intermittent!»

4 - __-.»._ d .___. ._ ___._.. .__s. __ .__,..__.

./ EDITORIAL NUIES/

Flogging in the Army abolished this date

I In another weeklent will have passed" for another year.

I

I

The Dominion Public Weather Office has not 'been notably successful in its local predic- tions. If the service can be improved by increas-

I I

to be an excellent time to press fgr their au- thorization. , '0 .4 Both in this country and in the United States the question of telephone wire topping by police is becoming an important issue. The problem has much in common with the censor- ship of mail, ordinarily a serious offence, but specially provided for when required for nation-

al security. "

d: ‘l

i i i

Refrigeration engineers have at last come to realize that their science deals with the transfer of heat rather than the creation of cold. The implication is that if heat can be mechan- ically removed from an area it can iust as read- ily be supplied, and tllat ‘the same equipment

Hectlon news is somewhat mixed, but the predominant opinion is th-at the Government forces ardently desire to face the electors with the Abbott budget fresh in their minds‘. No bet- ter election cry, they say could be chosen than "The cost of living will cost you less."

fi i i

The annual report of th: C. P. R. indicates that the Zl-per-cent freight rate increase grant- ed in 1948 has been more tho-n offset by increas- ed pay rates and the rising cost of materials arid supplies. That being so there is every pros- pect of further increases causing a similar boost in costs, not only for the railwayrbut for every- one else.

I They kept in step through life. John, Wilfred and Joseph White, 24, went to school together, worked in the some store and served in the R.A.F. together. They had the some rank-aircraftman first class - and were together in India, Burma and the Azores. Re- cently they were married in a triple ceremony in Birdgend, Glamprgonshire, Wales.

i Q

I‘ i

The Winnipeg Free Press reports that Brit- ons are becoming alarmed over the effects-of bulk purchase and government trading. Failure of meat supplies from Canada and the Argen- tine is attributed to such bulk purchasing de- straying the price mechanism of warld trade. Differing prices in different markets are paid for the same commodity and bad buying is mask- ed by subsidy.

The official report on National Accounts, lncome and Expenditure of 1947, as compared with 1948, shows total production of the coun- try increased in value from $13.5 billion to $15.4 billion. Salaries and wages increased from $6.235 billion to $7.13 billion. Investment ln- come (income from all investment, not merely business profits) increased from $2.319 billion to $2.590 billion. Net ln-come of Small Business increased from $1.117 billion to $1.252 billion. Net lncome of Farmers increased from $1.235 billion to $1.743 billion.

i w: a

ln this season of Lent when we are all, more ‘or less, supposed to make sacrifices for the good of both our physical and menta-l health, haw many of us are satisfied to reduce our consump- tion of butcher meat to 14c per week? Yet that is all the allowance the British Government au- thorize the people of'the Old Land, represent- ing less than a quarter lb. of stew or boneless shin here. For seven days, too, or less ‘than 2 oz. per day. Little chance of anyone getting fat on that quo-ta. Notwithstandingpthe reports of the health authorities declare Britons never enroyed better health or had less diseases in their midst.

w w

Lord Brougham and Vaux, British Lord Chancellor, died this date 1868. He carried a measure making slave trading a felony, and as leader of the Opposition defeated the first attempt to introduce an lncome Tax Act. lt was, however, as Queen Carolina's Attorney- General his management of her case won his fame. He is chiefly remembered as a ‘law re- former and as an author of legal works: "Edu- cation makes a pec-ple easy to lead, but diffi- cult to drive; easy to govern, but impossible to enslave."

Canadians of Scottish stock‘ will be interest- ed in o statement that the Cunard White Star liner "Franconia" is to make one direct voyage from Canada to the Clyde. The "Fronconia," which is being refitted and converted on the Clyde for passenger transport, will make the sailing from Quebec on June l4 and is expected to arrive at the Tail of the Bank on June Z0. After disembarking the Scottish passengers the liner will proceed to Liverpool. The Scottish Tourist Board say th-at the trip is being inade as a gesture of goodwill and in response to rc- peated appeals by the Board, and hope that the sailing will prove the extent of the demand for direct sailings to the Clyde.

w i

Mr. Harold Wilson, the President of the Board of Trade, has been hoping for some months past to visit Canada in order io 1' at first hand the problem of expanding Brltls exports to this most vital market. He WI! un- fortunately prevented by sudden illneo: from carrying out his intention during the Christmas Parliamentary recess and other engagements prevent his doing so during the Easter recess. Arrangements have however new been made in conjunction with the authorities for him to visit Corredo duripg May. Detail: will be published Jeter but Mr. Harold Wilson hopes loorrlvelnCoiredaorriho lilhhrloyioiiwvel

weeksandtolropresentattlioopeningof Canadian International Trade Fair at

ing the number of reporters, this would seem ‘

ooross the country during the following that: w

____1;l~l_r: GUARDIAN. CHAltLiri'ris'rcrwN”

vuisuc FORUM"

Thin-column l: open in the mule» by correspondents of anus-lea: of Internet.‘ The‘ Guardian doe: not ueaeQ:

. ll; undone the opinion of correspondence. -‘

mm. NATIONAL wueum

Sin-Assent that recent story in your nEws-coluunnl. dealing with on address before your Federation o! Agriculture, by Colin Groff, nation- al secretary of the C.F.A., on "food. prices and their relation to rural and urban Canadians". On the basis of that wise warning at the masthead of your editorial page —"The strongest. memory l: weak- er than the weakest lnkW-please permit mo to bring the following thoughtful paragraph from my American farm journal to the not- lce of Guardian renders:

"Wealth aonslsfs primarily of natural resources and men's labor

Without natural resources, labor would be unproductive. Wealth stems from the raw product: of the earth. oonverted by rum into the thlme he needs to make his life better. safer, more enjoyable. Ia economics, the land l: all-unpert- ant; there can be no wealth with- out it Inblology. the land ls even more important. The soil 1: the be- ginning and the end of allllfe. Certainly it in txue that Nature’: ever-turning wheel of life is u continuing process of birth, growth, death and decay. that the soll ls an essential part of u perpetual cycle. Death follows llfe, and life spring: aguln from the earth won that which l: dead Lad decayed. In uubh. the good earth is at once the womb and the tomb of all liv- ing things. What the New Yorker too often doe: not realize is that his clty lives only because it. draws sustenance from millions of acres of land. Take that land m‘ lie products away from New York City and in one week the community will be in distress; in one month

Triplets glflew York will be in chaos; in one

your that mighty metropolis will be a ghost town. with gnu growln: in her streets...” (By M.O.S., in Co-Op. Grain Quarterly. 8t. Paul, Ivllnn.) I urn, Sir, etc.

W. P. D.

THE PRICE OI‘ BREAD . ‘

Slr,-_A matte:- of absorbing ln- teo-est ls the wet. of living and it seems to me to be the duiy of both municipal and provincial authorities to suutlxilze every ln- crease that. takes place so that the rights of consumers may be pro- teeted. In this respect 1t ls my opinion that the do-nothlng act- ion of the Provincial Government and especially of the two City l. presentetlves has been com- mondable on the butter-menar- lne question, but. it l: my present purpose to write about the recent increase in the prloe of bread. I: it justified? I am told that a total of 200 loaves can be blade from a barrel of flour so that the recent increase of two cents e. loaf would give an increase of $4.00 to titre bakeries. whereas the price of flour has only advanced $2.10 a barrel. and the statement is published that the new price l: to meet the rise in price in other Provinces. - .

‘Ilia/i. is not correct. The clr- cumstances ln other Provinces ere different from here. The standlrd loaf is 24 ounces whereas here the Provincial Government at. the 1048 session made our standard loaf 2o ounces. and the explan- atlon was given at. the time that. the reduced loaf was to keep down the prloe per loaf. In not this a matter for the Department of Health and Welfare to examine?

Have Halifax prices advanced? I have found that n. leading Hil- lfax bakery which sends here fBflflIaIlV manv cartons of bread have made no advance in price and I bought iodav bread from that. bakerv at. the old price of l4 cents “tr loaf. The local merch- ant. informed me that he was only chewed bv the nhlprrers at the forrvwr pclce . and lihflefoffi "fillld sell -t. the some rate as farmer-iv. Want. is n. sliuatlorkthat- ce-rtainlv demands some remedial notion bv ow- welfaxe Doom.- m-nt. A ‘l-Irllfax mm can ship bread here at. a nrloe which en- oblng if w. n- sold at l4 cents rr you nltbrcugh T know of one most store which aulte unlimi- flabiv w-s sewn- than‘: receipts at 16 cents. v"-'~h ls an imposit- lon on the rmblie.

I rm, Sir, etc" .1. 1". W.

AGAINST TOBACCO

slag-When we read again of the English people being rationed li. reminds us of the warning that Dr. Blckneli gave those‘ people three or four yeairs e30 that Brit- ain was dying of starvation be- cause the peop‘ were squander- ing their money _ln tobacco and other unnecessary luirurles; and no doubt their money l: still go- ln¢ for tobnooo instead of meet. hence the rationing. Tobacco robs people of their money and their health.

We got our eyes opened when we rend in "Teamwork" letter of Mei-oh 9th‘ wbpm Professor Ray- mond Pearl of John: Hopkins University jled the life hf:- iorlea of Hoop-persons, to noes- llln one effect. of smoking ea health and longevity. no decided to tirecu the reoood of tobeooo. on time person: and he found that.

‘the death rate up to ‘l0 you: we:

twice u pent for heavy smoked e: for non-sinokm. He up y!

iobeooo. and when " indirectly the doctor: it wu some alien: d

‘

~ new Toronto] m

\

u

x' r .3

F

(PRESS RSETITS TAKE NOTE.)

- j srmiimojouraiosiian crown...”

v rim-M, lion i? l rusr uAa ~ ‘fir: NIIVI roan urmow-l-

" soul: rrorieuueu Memoir. A mock-urine se-uio-so‘ ‘rev NAM! worno ac rurue rum: eve m.’

4r.

\

meal for u week time the mouth with 8-4 of lob-solution of silver nitrate which creole: a dictate for tobuwo smoke, and relieves throat. irritation; chew gentler: root or caiiomlle blossoms, change the diet froirroeasoned foods."

If one has grit he can atop it without. these drugs Let. me cite a cue in point. I met e man’ about fifteen years ago who told me that he hud- started smoking when he was young and when he we: npprolcl-dng middle life lie found hi: health falling and he gave it up on irho doctor's edvle . That men l: now about ‘l5 years old. still operating his own farm. In The Guardian of April 5th there appeared the following note just in time tosdd to the Pm- fessor‘: condemnation of tobacco: "London-A oley pipe believed 300 years old and dug up near the City still smelled of tobacco." “men tobeooo has euoheu penet- rating power and retains its effect for 000 years I'm glad that I nev-

er smoked. I em, Sir- eta,

OBSERVEFt. O O O (Kin: James I in his “Counter- bllsle ‘t0 "Ilobacao" (1604) goes our oorrespopdent and Professor Pearl one better on this oublbct. He calls tobacco pmoklnit "a cust- ome loathsome to the Eve. hate- ful to the Nose. harmful to the Bralne. dangerous to the Lungs. and. in the black stinking fume thereof, neuest. resembling the hox-rlble stvglnn. smoke of the Pit that. in boitornlesaP-Ed. G.)

THE NURSES AOT

Bin-The Nurses Act, recently passed ln the Irezlsliitirre. seems to have in some way touched a weulcspot in the mental makeilp of a few of our members, wlho do not seem to have been well ln- formed on the subject. All other trades oa- professlone have their unions and Orlflnlzatlaas, no why not. the nurses? It has been said many times by intelligent people outside the profession, "It. is s. wonder the nursing profession has no union". This Act in no way struts out. the "small man” or is it. "closed shop" legislation. be it ls called by M)‘. Kler Clark. It. is simply be protect. the profession and the public in general.

There are those who, without

nurse, have zone out an nurses and charged o nurse’: fee: and the writer knows this to be abso- lutely true. Thank goodness tlhere are a few even among our mem- bers, who would not be guilty of condoning ruch an not. but they are quite few.

Practical nurses are fine indeed when they om do the work re- aulred of m. but in many cases they cm- . for bow could they without training or even exper- ience? But why do they chlflfl graduate nurses’ fess in many canes? some will say you can charge or u! whet you like. The graduate nurse comm. her fees are set for her. Nepoleon Bona- parte. Hitler mil many other: tried that. doctrine but found to their great non-raw that it didn't work and sooner or later all of their type will find the some. It isn't much use to talk, or teach the youn: people about law and ordea- lf eleh one can do u he likes. If that ‘doctrine isn't a atop tow-are: Communion I donwknaw whet it is. Ivan the Communists oeinnot do n: they like orwe thick‘ government l: tlteblieheil.

It. ls not for emunentta sake that I em writing. but to irry _to explain to ttioee practical nurses sad nip-sea’ aides wluumro or may be worklne. that this Act so many efltlelled 1171B. Clerk i: not-at ll! epelrrst their. working; when they can‘. Many time: nud- um miraerhlve asked to have

eel nurse: relidve itiern on use: when they sew p minute’: to: were not needed or that iii-float could not afford in: _ feel, u: ln many cue:

any knowledge of the work of u_

would be just u; sensible a: the comparison between arululte unit practical nurses. The vet. might bepersonallyosgoodaml-n :l t-he medical mm but not profes- sionally, for he‘d;ldu’i have the training or experience. -, We registered niu-se: congratul- ate Hon. W. J. P. Mnowllen and Hon. Alex Mbtheeon on their good work for this Act. To have men of thus calibre agree in. legislation ofedt-hls kind megs u: proud ln- de even lf ey “queer cronies." There eulogy l: no argument. in saying DruMaoMll- inn didn't understand the His ability to understand every- thins he has ever met. with B the reason that his services "have been reoozrzloed over -Nori.h Arrnerlcn and ‘even in far-away Rome. Such recognition is not received unless merited. Hon. Nlir. Math- eson ls doing good work in his office of Minister of Public Health. He Ls in the “right. c-hurch" but unfortunsiely in the "wrong pew", the way things are going now.