MODERATELY TOLERANT INTOLERANT

TOLERANT ‘ Red Oak P0P”r

Sugar Maple white Oak Hhite Birch

BeeCh Yellow Birch 5°“ntain 55h

Red Maple "hit, pin, Pin and choke Cherry

Eastern Hemlock "bile spruce Hillou

Red SPYUFC Black spruce Eastern Larch

Balsam Pir‘ Hazelnut Red Pine

Eastern Hhite Cedar pust:ian Pine Elderberry Alder

Figure 29. Before starting a specialty planting for wildlife refer to this chart to determine how much shade the species can withstand. Shade tolerant trees are those which can grow fairly well in shade. Intolerant trees are those which prefer full sunlight. To get abundant berry or nut production, the trees require more sunlight than that required

to survive. PLMT EOIl'l'H . t. ct. Red Maple arxxaax Elderberry xxxrraxxxax Pin Cherry axxx Choke Cherry xaxx Hild Pear xaxx Hitherod (Viburnum) axax Balsam fir (Var) xxx Eastern Larch (Juniper) xxx Hazelnut xaax flitherod xaax Mountain Ash aaxxxxxxxxxxxxxxaxxxxxxaxaaaxxxxxaxxxxxxxaaxax Red Pine arxrxaraxaa Hhite Pine xxaxaxaaax White Spruce xxxaaxxxxxxrrx Bayberry xxxxxxxxaaxxaaaaraxxxaxxarxxxxaxxxrxxaaaxax Alder aaraaxxaxaxx Red Oak axxxxxxx White Oak axxxxaxxr Butternut xxaxaxx Wild Rose aaaaxaraxxxxaxaxaxaxxxaxxxxxxaaxxx Beech arrrxx Hawthorne xxxxxxxaarxxxaxxaxxxxxrarrxxxxxxr Black Spruce axxrxxxarrrrxxaasxarxraxxxaaxxx Austrian Pine axaxxxrxaxrxxaaxxaxrrax

Pigure 30. the amount of seed or berries produced by a tree, shrub, or ground plant varies from year to year, often dramatically. It is normally 6 to 12 years between bumper crops of red oak acorns and 3 to 5 between bumper cone years in white spruce. Softwood cones, excluding balsam fir, open slowly on the tree as they dry and drop their seed. Balsam fir cones fall apart several weeks after they ripen. By careful selection of the species to be planted and the planting locations, landowners can do their best to provide a variety of seed and berry types during much of the year. The information below which provides an estimate of the time seed will be available to seed eaters may be helpful in planning your selections. Some animals move this seed to storage or hiding areas as it comes to full maturity. this may make it available for prolonged periods, e.g. the red squirrel forms underground or in tree storage areas which have high moisture content in the air that prerents the cone from opening and the seed falling out or the cone falling apart. .

WILDLIFE PLANTING INFORMATION by Dan McAskill Illustrations by Kate Poole

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