_ ,»

t t

I _ irllmlsflmvireftlrdpcrgi on the skirt or

l _ ._ J, _`> t_-_ »..': tr _l . ,, ,

f

THE MAGA

_ ZIIINIIE GUARDIIAINI F°'l>f,.°.-‘.'f’,§‘iI.'.`."i’.'.'1l`»~‘i.‘l3f.'Z¥§Ii°i'f.’flZ}.....

;|g¢|$|¢~hl€~|>_`. _` `,"l_Jowsilrent ihd, . _. 3‘ l ' `

' ing is obtainedlbeseevlxlieater fasten ~ ` , __ Weather 6011151119 *O l>l'0U10l€ l'£lPld»'country is being opened up and de- common feed passage instead of u

1 'ro THE FARMER

Farmers and others interested are

Invited to contribute to The Farm, The Dairy, The Turf, and Good roads departments of the Guardian either by question, correspondence or otherwise. Answers will be given by experts to all questions of general interest and space will be given to any articles that will in any way help to advance Prince Edward ls- land interests.

_...__

Contrlbutors are asked to have

their articles at this office early each week, as only a short emergency item can be handled as late as one p. m. Wednesday. All received after that hour cannot appear uiltil the following week.

#THE sciiool ~ nie lions.

Ei

‘Contributors for this ilepartlncilt.

should be addressed to

"F/i€‘l*?`r°\>l-\>l l

D = D

President Tr-ucllcr‘s Association,

Guardian's School und liomo.

P. 0. Box 188 i.`llarlottet.owll.

GABERINE.

Giibcrlne is still one of thc fash-

ionable fabrics. It has proved allllost. as durable. perhaps, quite as durable as serge. lt llils all attractive fillisli and it is soft and supple. So it has shown itself suitable for the most exacting wcar. It is a pleasant change from scrgc, too, for altllough scrgo is al- ways welcome when it is ill fashion, it solnctillles grows a bit tlresolnc.

CHIFFON AND VELVET.

ill a velvet coat suit, which ls made

for afternoon wear, for velvet is ilot suitable for nlornlllg suits, there is a full skirt gathered oil a slllrred chif- fon yoke. There is ll long flaring coat liiled with chiffon The whole suit is decidcdly likeable, with its interesting colnbinatioll ol’ velvet and chlt”l`on.

POINTS EVERYWHERE.

The fashion for poillts is ill full

swing. Tile new noto ill sonle ot thc Autumn skirts is ll poillt, back and i`rollt. The trains of cvcnillg frocks are long and pointed. Many cvuuiug

bodice which falls ill long points. There are pointed scallops, also, on solllc afternoon frock tullics.

FUR FABRICS.

There are on the lllarkct several

fll.brlcs which simulatc fur-velour fabrics, most of them. They are used to trim coats where fur would other- wiso be llscd. But they do not rescui- hlc fur closely enough to hc lllistakcn for it; evidently there is no effort to do tllat. They arc frankly cloth, with li furliko finish.

COLORED ORGANDIE.

Much of the new orgulldic llcckwcar

is not all white. 'i`lll>re arc llonlan striped corners on some of the collurs alll cuffs. of brigllt. printed colors - strlpcs hall’ all inch wide. Then there is much striping of black oil collars and vests of orguutile. Sonic of the newest things. too, are cllillroidcrcil ill -Oriental designs with red and green :ind other colors.

PLEATED HANDBAGS.

A bluc silk Ilalldbng is mildc with

pleats rlilllling across, not up and down, as they ofteil rlln. lt. is ii nov- clty, and tiiercforc will probably bc the object ol` it good deal oi` uttcutlon. it is tlulslleil wltll tl strap linndlc oi' thc silk.

STRAPS.

Straps urn llscd to restrain tho fiill~

ness in many of thc new wintcr coats liud skirts. rlolllclllili-s tlicrl- are t\\'o straps ncross tllc bnck of al cout will-rc the full skirt. flares from tin- wuist section. rloilietliiles tllcrc urc straps across the front of the skirt to hold in the fullness below thc waist. Mill sometimes they urc used for the same purpose on the lllps. Tlicy urc rilllvlif’-fl usually, and give it vel-_.v sninrt finish-

/-'_'-*‘.

PRETTY AND NOVEL COMBING

JACKET.

A combing jacket is n nlost accept'

ablo gift, alld one that it is a Dl0i\*`““`e to lliakc. particularly for the ilillilleuf seamstress, for there is no fitting l0 be done that is worth the name. Take ll fine, medium sized towel, <l\‘l1“’ “ circle for the neck openlns In the “X” act contre, and a double line a IIUBFWI' Inch in width leading down from tllf neck circle to one end of the towe- Then proceed to stanlli 0' draw “mn “ .spool and pencil the size scallop l’0“ desire about the neck circle, down eiwll side of the double line in front. scallop to scallop, alid continue the scailopls about the outside edges of the iowenl curving the four points of the towoi o ‘ gracefully. This scallopinil I5 that padded and worked in white or SOUN- pale corner. ln each of the four corners of the towel are to be thc emllroitlillrch sprays of some small flo\v_ci‘. ¢f0"\b_:;§;o with pale green foliage. Very effecm .arid fiulckly worked is the floweivsp Ii; whose blossoms are made of renis knots, such as pale blue forget-menmk nl- the some dnniglpmwgglxll l" I’

knots to simulate w -

'rits cnnibing inrinn il. <-un;n|§;°;:n*;{_

thv front fcstenlngs. These as '_

f ribboll I

ma,"`be of small Iangthsevued m bows

' Tie a piece of lemoll oil a coril ever

Y S on each

side crocheted buttons and connecting amiga that are made by 'buttonhollng

or thread over _a tiny oo;-d or cm.

Cheiing the frogs over the same kind ilaf a cord in a single crochet stitch. The oops and buttons may be in white or oolor. lf they are ill white, it in beg; tg use linen thread for the stitch, as white

sililt bfcionles yellow.

s necessilr .

should be made hiya tl1l]l|l1lEry,t lisa hzilkgf a coarse thread for the scalloping will W°fi< the edge very quickly inaeetl.

‘ ..Housl-:HOLD i-iiN'rs.

_ ~ ‘ y

lllgllt for five nights, and it will gener- ally cause it to ilrop ollt.

Cucumber rind, cut into thin strips,

and put about wllere ants uboilllil, will invariably drive them away.

To remove fruit stains froln table-

cloths. covcr with powdered starcll and leave th|s_on the stain for a few hours. All the discoloration will then be ub- sorbcil by the starch.

To clean a tiled hearth, use turpcn-

tinc rubbed on with a flannel, which will immediately remove illl stains. Polisll with a dry iluster uliil it will look like new. Tile tiles should never be washed with water.

_When making llreail and butter plld- ding, sprinkle each slice of bread and butter with deslccatcd cocoallllt ill- stcad oi’ currants and strcw some on tllc top. 'l`llis will lllukc a change from the ordinary plldiliiiil. allil will hc foullil vory tasty. _

To wllitcll ivory kllifc llalltllcfi, soak

ill alum water wlllcll has bor-ll boiled. Tile water lllllst. bo allowed to cool, alld thc ivory should bc left soaking for an hour. brili~l_l_ied tliorougllly with a nail brush and allow tn dry slowly ill a iliilllp towel.

Poisons of every dcscrlption which

have been illtelltiollillly or uccidclitally taken may almost instantly be render- ed llarllllcss ily silllply drinking hall' a pint of sweet oil. A person with a strong collstltililoil might take more. Every mother should keep il bottle of sweet oil ready against such llcclllellts_ A little foretllougllt. savcs ll great deal of trouble and grit-.t`.

ink-stains :ls ll rule, are rntllcr ilit`-

flcult to crrndiclltc, bllt tllc i`ollowillg simple directions will succeed ill ro- storing ilie material to its natural col- or. Spread the yolk of ll new laid egg over the stains, and let it rcmaillt for about ten minutes; then plunge the fabric illto boiling water alld allow it to soak t'or a short time. \\'llon taken out rub the marks thoroughly, and all traces of ink, whether done quite re- cently or of long dilratlon, will entire- ly disappear.

A silk blouse should never be put

illto boiling water, for this gives the silk ll yellow tinge and ilupovcrisllcs thc iillltcrinl. Dip it into a strollg lath- cl' of tepid water and squeeze lt well, llut‘rlo not oil ony account rub it or soap the silk. Uso several rinsing waters, for it the soap is not quite washed out the silk will llziriicn, ami illto the last rinsing walter ot' all put a little methylated spirit, alld it' the silk is wllite a few drops of pale bluc, may be added. ltclucmbcr that all silk lllollscs must bc lroncil while they urc iluiilp; if they urc too wet llicy will t.llrll yellow.

HERE AND THERE AT HOME.

Ncvcr pilt tllcuillbldlincll into soap-

suds lliltll ull stains have been remov- cd by pouring' boiling water through tllc linen.

4| ll 1

Wllcu jolly will not set, add the

juice of a lclnou or some white vine- gar. ‘

rt >&1 13!

'l`o polish copper, take a little flue-

ly powdered bathbrick, lllolstell with vliicgar and when it. is mixed to a pilstc rilb n, littlc oil to the coppcr. [Ni it stand for a time, then rub off and polish with il soft. clotll.

¢.\ it U 4

lf you wish to rcmovc stains of sew-

ing lllilclllne oil, washing ill a latlier made of soap, cold wutcr and a table i-ipooilful ot' nlniuoilia wlll'\lsually, provc slicccssflll, but ill thc' cilsi- ot colorcil llllclls illld cotton the alnllioll- la. slloulil ht- cluploycil cuiltiollsly, as it is lipt to make tllc color failc.

THE HOME GARDEN.

The British lloard of /igriciliiilrr-vi

luis nilviscd thc ilouscliolilers ot (lrcut I llritilill to utilize f-very foot. of sDi\_i`0I land in thc planting of gardens lor, nt-it onr, to supply as fur ns i>0SSll>l0

' , THE FARM §

THE ICE SUPPLY ON THE FARM.

Tile source of theice supply should

be free from any contamination such as decaying vegetable matter, water weeds, etc. lll many sections, lakes, rivers, ponds or large streams will furnish sufficient ice.

Water from tl stream may be stored

up by means of a dam and excavation and made to furlllsh a supply of ice, thc amount depending upon the sur- falcc of exposure.

When the water supply contains

green sprawil it may be purified and made fit for lco production by the use ol’ copper sulphate. Put the copper sulphate crystals ill a sack of cheese cloth. fllsteli the sack to n. pole and allow the sack to trail around in the water until the copper sulphate crys- tails are dissolved. Two treatments should be given during the Summer. Use one pound to 100,000 gallons of water.

TURNIPS FOR SHEEP. '

Professor T. lieglnald Arkell has is-

sued a very interesting and well pre- pared bulletin upoli the feeding of slleep and lambs. it is the result of a series of very careful experiments con- ducted by Professor Arkell to deter- mine tllc relative values of clover Ilny and native hay ill the feeding of sheep. Tile colnpurlson worked out greatly lil t'avor oi' the clover hay. Mucll of the lllattcr of thi- builctili is naturally of great interest to the sheep raisers. But tho coilclllsloll In regard to some cxpcrilnelits ill i`ci»ding tllrnips to slleep is ol' intl-rest to all tllosc who kccp the wool and lnilitoll proiluce-rs. lt sliys:~»

“lt can be coilcliislvely stated from

thc results ol' this cxpcrllllent, tllilt turnips have at bellcflciul effect ill ec- onomy oli mutton proililction. 'l‘llerc ls, however, one danger with turilips, allil that lil-li ill ovcrfcciling or uttenlp- _tillg to make thclll constitute the bulk ot' thc rat.:.n. Turnips oil account of their watery nature. ure not ill them- selves li substnlltinl food, When ex travagnlitly fcd, tllcy are apt to render tile ration too laxative, and produce scoilrlllg. llcslilcs, to pregnant, ewes the heavy over feeding of turnlps will not illfreqllclltly cause them to bring forth lambs tllat art flabby or weakly. Four pounds per day to ll sheep, how- ever, is il safe limit.

Mangles and sugar beets, although

rather lllorc palatable and sheep pre- fer them slightly to tilrlllps, are for rams expressly unsuited, as they are conductive to the decomposition of calcull ill the kidneys, bladder and urethral tract. These calculi are colli- posed chiefly ot' calcium plios hate

Some offer the objection to Fall

calves that they are harder to take through the Winter than Spring calves but with good warm quarters, proper care and ample feed, the Fall calves will come through tile following Spring in as good or better condition than the Spring calves.

Notice the very slight difference ill

size between the'Spring calf and the Fail calf, the next Spring after their first Winter, and you will see this

point clearly., I THROUGH TILLAGE AND GOOD SEED.

In the columns of the Maritime

Farmer alld elsewhere. Prominent ,farmers and others interested in mat- tters agricultural, have been and are setting forth pleas for extensive pre- parations this fall for the biggest seed- ing on record in the spring of 1915.

We are llrm believers ill this policy

and be the year 1915 one of war or of ‘peace the work will not be misplaced bilt will surely net the producers hand- some returns for their labors.

There are two ways whereby the

crops of 1915 may be increased; viz. -1. ily plowing, cultivating and seeding a greater acreage than we have been accustomed to till alld - 2. By tilling more thoroughly the sanle acreage of well drained soil as we have been cultivating and on these well tllled acres sowing the best selected seed we can mallage to get.

Of tlic two systems we believe the

latter is by fur the nlost satisfactory alld most. profitable way. A large alllolilit ot' food for mall anti beast can be grown on one acre of well druincd, well tllled soil on which the best quality of seed has been sown than will be grown oil two or three acres ol’ carelessly prepared soil orl which only all ordinary grade of seed has been sown. The preparation of the two or three carelessly prepared acres will entail more work than the labor cntallcd in putting one acre in first. class shape and, bushel for bush- el ,tho crop produced on the former will cost lllucll more than tllat grown oil the latter. _

lly all nleans assist nature in giv-

lilg you bumper crops ill 1915 by thorough preparation of soil and seed and if you can increase your tllled acreage and do justice to it in regard to thorough tillage alld good seed so nlucll greater will be your harvest re- ward.-Maritilllc Farmer.

PURE BRED DAIRY CATTLE.'

Report No. 6 of the (‘.anadlan` Re-

cord of Performance for pure bred dairy cattle has recently been isued by the Live Stock Branch of the Dom- illion Department of Agriculture. This report covers the period from March

D

and irrltivc to the urinary organs, and ‘315l» 1913' t0 March 3183 1914» and in'

will frequently attain sufilclent size to close colllplctely the urcthral tract; causing ill consequence thc certain death of thc ram. Turilips apparently llavc llo sucll ill effect.

To recapltulate, tllrlllps reduce the

cost of mutton production. aid lil the digestion of thc fibrous foods. and keep tllo slE?p"'lll llea [ily and vigor-_' ous pllysical collditloli, Tllcy are R. boon ill the ration, illasmucli as they

prevent constipation and many other l"`0d“'~`9q Sunmellt milk and fat 10 ,_ . resultant ills which so frequently oc- qualify for reg’SU'9~ti°“» but failed Uttlocatc th” building as to permit 0'

cur when sheep are changed from pas~ freshen WMM” "flee" m°mhs after 'ea,s.y dram8ge° _ ' lure to dry feed It must’ howcven tile coinmencement of the test. Tile|- U10 “Wt Pfobleili L0 Dfeseiill "S011 always bo borne in milld that turnips rules and "eg“l“U0nB g°Vel`nil\§ the is to decide Whether the fe°d\“t°'“g” Should be supplied amy as 3 ,,,,,pp|e_ Record olld Performance tests and and the cattle shell be under one anu mema,-y feed to give to the \-Wmel. m_ the standards for registration for the _ thc same roof,the iced above,tlle cal.- Hon me S||g|,||y mxfmve en~(,,_,_ of various breeds of dairy cattle are also|tle beiow,al‘e in separate buildings in pasture. Elven- (»0l>l€S 01 this P09011 Hwy bemore or less close proximity. Aftcl

_--¥---H had 0" enllliwllion 10 the Pllblicntiolls trying both plans and loom; into

Ti-is Po'rAsi-i si'ruA'rioN. 0“““'=l- writer is lell tn the conclusion unit

f Asrlifultnlrallky; Pvc ilrcillislwnrtcclllé' ' ' above the cattle below." plan is tilt l‘0ill.€( WI I l. C lit!! liflt H lll0li., *_* ' __ not quite the entire supply of pomsh Treatment to Prevent Attack in Btor- SES gzip; I'-L;3gI)\r;'r'_":3)"n‘;edc0t_f’di3‘(§n,‘;;)(;5 has been heretofore imported froln 39°- ‘ever mu" be observed; the upper nom

Germally. We knew that it was nec- essary for us to buy potilsh fronl the German Kali Company. and wlille ln the purchase of complete fertilizers we were able to get potasll fronl ally one of the large fertilizer collcerlls, we did not realize llow quickly thc supply would be exllausted when inl- portations frolli thc original source were stopped.

The first lntlmatloll of fills dilllculty

arose when dealers ill fertilizers throughout the States were advised tllat they could not secure complete fertilizers with thc llsllnl high colltellt of potasll. Many of thc concerlls ut- tenlpted to nlnko the supply go its fur as possible by lu,-ndilig it out lil small perl-,outages ill their regularly lnullu- factilred conlpletc fertilizers. At thc present time, ilowcvcr, lt is ilnpossible to secure potilsll lindcr ally ordlllilry conditions.

Wo have sllildellly illscovercil that

potnsh forms thc groundwork i'or

lllnny lm lportallt commodities its well as fe llllzers. and while iluotu- tions oil the product are still made it is wltllollt any likelihood of ally or- ders being filled at the present tlnle.

_ ' y _

their own garden produce. In tllis‘ way they can assist. in relieving allyt shortage which may develop on ac- count of war conditions. i

This suggestion is of equal import-,

alice to Canadians. Attached to near-: ly every home are pl€C€S Of 8l‘0\lnflt which at present are merely wilstel land. Witll little effort these may be converted into productive gardens. lt requires very little space for li garden that. with ordinary care. Will supply lin average household with vegetables. By cultivating the avaliable ground many Canadian families can reduce their living expenses. and. at the same time. secure vegetables which are ab- solutely fresh. '

To obtain the best results, the

ground should bc dug up this fall and left loose. Sod should be turned un- der to il depth of about four inches to permit of its rotting.

lf the land has been partially ex-

hausted, the addition of manure is ad- visable and this should be well dug 'ln, The ground should not be raked after digging, but ally growth appear- ing this autumn should biscut down. Vegetable refuse, ln the nature of vines, weeds or dead leaves, should be burned and the ashes spread. This burning also helps to destroy weed

seeds.

in the spring, after the wet season

is past and the ground has become warm and fairly dry. tho garden should be raked over carefully until

Isame time, serve to assist in tile un-

Wc suggest that now is the ideal

cludes the records of production of milk and butter fat of 120 Ayrshire, 165 Holstein, 30 Jerscy,30 Sllorthorll, 2 French Canadian and 2 Guernsey cows, as well as the names and pro- gency of several Ayrshire, Holstein and Jersey bulls that have qualified, by reason of production of their off-

'pelldlx to the report will be found the‘ records of a number of cows. which

Branch, i)epartmcnt of Agriculture,

INSECTS IN GRAIN

There are many insects which at-

tack thc storing grain. Many of them cannot be successfully combated by| work ill the field. and so the only time tilat they coil be controlled success- fully is when the grains are ill stor- age. In most cases the eggs are laid ill the groin in tile field, alld do ilot hatch out until the graills have been ill storage for some time. In such a case thc eggs are hard to kill, but the adult easily succumbed to theat- nlcllt ol` the grain. because the adult stage of the insect. is passed in the storage binds or barrels. Wlicll we takc llito accoillit thc largc quantities oi' grain rlllscrs ill Michigan each year llnd thc ulllounts wlllcll arc lllllllially ruillcd by thc work ot' tlicsc ini-iccts, wc canllot ignorc them, especially when they i-ilu he easily colltrollcd. Such insects as thc nllgunlols grain lnotil, littlc grain moth and beilil woo- vil urc suiiocutcil by thc fillnes ol' car- bon bisillpiliilc_

KEEP FIRE FROM CARBON BISUL- PHIDE.

One should be very careful when

time for farmers to begin a nlore ln- tenslve study of tile fertilizer situa- tion. When potasll is available from natural sources, sucll as wood ashes, beet leaves and beet tops, it should be very carefully conserved and used on those portions of the farm in which it is most needed. We suggest. like- wise. tllat this is a good time for far- mers to adhere just as nluch as pos- sible to organic manures which carry with them definite thought small per- centage of potash, but which, at the

locking conditions are not generally promoted bythe use of highly concen- trated chemical fertilizers.

SOME ADVANTAGES WITH FALL

_ GALVE8.

By having the calves dropped in the

Fall, the farmer usually has more spare time to devote to them. and they are apt to. be given a better chance.

He also can handle the dairy pro-

ducts with more care, and, with the cool weather in connection, his prouts 'will be higher, dairy producto usually being a better price at this _season be- cause of the scarcity of them.

Fall caivel are very apt to be more

vigorous and healthy than Spring cal- ves, as the cows have just passed through tile ¢'ruing`season, and usual- ly are in prime condition for develop- ing their offspring; while the absence

the soil is broken ‘ID flue. WMD il-

tacil. d to either side 0 lifter _tho jacket is iidi\ll¢'*|~ H "“’b°“

, -. ,

_ ' ~- ' _'.-° ‘ ' of i-""".t vt ”` __ v st ,i ` ` A ' "

t_, | l li . ' e - , '

__ ,, :»»__.w,_$}.,>_ y

_may bo planted u desired.-D.

of Mel. Ind the cool, invigorating

fumigntiug grain to keep from breath- ing the fullles of the carbon bisulphldc i ‘they are just as poisonous to human as to insect life. Also, fire in any form nlust be brought near the bins ‘which are belllg treated. arbon bis- ulphidc is very infiaulmable and ex- plodes violently when mixed with air. More than two days is liable to injure the germinatlve qualities of the seed, so after the chemical has been in the grain bins for 24 to 48 hours the gran- ary should be opened up and allowed to air out. But this is not all the pre- cautions that should be taken. Since the carbon blsulphide gas is heavier than air, it will not come out of the bins unless the grain is dug over a few times with a shovel. This brings the poisonous gas to the top. where it may be waited out into the atmosphere. Here it will diffuse and thus be rend-, ered harmless.

sp1"lrgs:“fo1'°‘re `tT1rtiUn:-r " ' -"W . .

' me In H" “D buildings which lr.-ny_.i:»e. needed and

ing put. under cultivation providing an abundance of food for insects which previously lived in small num- bers in restricted cultivated patches or on wild plants. For three thous- and mlies our territory adjoins that of a country whose development pre- ceded ours, and in the process of this development foreign pests were acci- dentally introduced with the result than nlore than half oi the worst. ln- eeei; pests are introduced species. Dc- velopment requires imports of natur- al products such as trees, plants, seeds, fruit, etc.; auch natural pro- ducts carry pests from their native countries on establishment in the new country these pests increase more abundantly owing to the ab- sence of their natural eilenlies which iinfortlln-ately are not imported at the same time. All these conditions HPS mainly peculiar to n new country

The Losses occasioned by insect

pests in Canada are realized in a _general way. the aggregate destruct- ion suffered continually, however, is not usually conceived owing to the retiring disposition of these enemies, their small size and insidious meth- ods of attack. Estimating from our statistics of production and the kuoii-.n percentage of losses due to in- sect: pests, it can be shown tllat,tal¢_ ing the minimum average loop_ the annual loss in Canada que to the deprcdations of insect pests on field, vegetable, and fruit crops, live stock, stored grains and forest: products is on a conservative estilnilte, consider- ably over one hundred millioiiilol- lars ($100,000,000). A vnry great pm-_ tion of this lose could be prevented even with our present limited knowl- edge of control methods. The pre- vention of such loss would mi-.an,boti, directly and indirectly, nn lmninnn., saving t/o the country.

THF. ST./\liLlI.

The Burn is a Permanency,and Slloillci be an Ornament.

No two locations will require or

even permit of the same treatment ns for as exposure, size, form, or build- ing material is considered in the er- ection of the cow barn, and the re- marks here presented are intended to be merely suggestive of certain prin- ciples of constructionl

Tile barn once built is likely to re-

main along time on the fal'nl.1t. will help to give character to the place, and may either have it pleasing cilect upon the landscape and -be a constant source of comfort and pleasure to its owneF.0r it may be _an unsatisfactory eyesore quite out of harmony with its surroundings. It is us easy to build the one as the other if solne thought be given the matter at the right time. Tile location must be studied, the surroulzidiug noted,and the plans made accordingly. Whatever plan ol burn bc adopted, however, it should be placed with a view to ,convenience of access and with reference to other

built in the future. l

Further, care should be taken to so

many examples of botli methods tilt

elerything considered, "tml iccu

must be well ceiled beneath tht joistsi r

'rne advantages claimed for the separate building plon. greater free' dom lrom ilust,lnore light,an<l essiel ventilat.ion,seeln to bc fictitious when carefully gone into. The advantages claimed for the "under one roof" plan economy in building,easy access- ibility to feed,and lessening, oi lnbol bills are,on the other hand, stubborn

facts impossible oi refutution.

Sufficient floor roonl ns well as alll-

ple nir space ure conditions oi corr- ltiri; to both thc cow and tllli-_ owner too often neglected,citlicr williilli' 0| igllornr-tly. 'lthc increased expense, of having buildiligs roomy is thc usual reason for cralnped qllilrters. Iii-“tml otublon ore likely to lnilch more than repay extrli cost of constructlol. ill _increased returns and improved* llculth of uiiirrlals, to sity nothin!! UI mpled comfort “ml pleiii-lilrc to owll- cr. It is difficult to keep things right and hgpt along conlfortlibly with less than 50 square lest of lloorflsllflcc P01' animal housed. It is necessary, and in many parts of Canada ullwine I0 allow over sixty square feet of floor for each animal included, co\v,calf or bull.

, :scars-'-:~_|'» CUBIC SPACE OR AIR SPACE

PER COW.

From five hundred and fifty to six

hundred cubic feet of air space should be allowed for each animal in the stable, and to accomplish this with reasonable economy oi floor splice the dist-gllce between the floor and ceiling should be from nine to nine .and s half or even tell feet. il

ARRANGEMENT OF COWS. ‘

The best arrangement of cows is

that which gives greatest convenience in feeding and cleaning. This ©011-

The poisonous nature of the chem-

ical is the only drawback to this method of seed fumigstion. but no harnl is attendant if the work is done carefully and enough precautions tak. en. Since those insects which Winter over in the adult stage in the grain are so destructive, something schould be done to lessen their ravages.

INSECT PESTS.

'l'|le question is sometimes naked: "Why are the losses due to inleei: pests proportionately greater in Gan- ada than in older countries?" The chief reason is that a new fertile

venience can perhaps ba best obtain- ed by having the cows in two rows the length of the stable with their heads toward the outside wall. Gen- erally spesklng,a passage of live feet wide at the bead of the cows is re- commended for the iced trucks. The passageway' behind the cows silonid be uuillciently wide to allow the easy removal of the manure and to permit the cows to move without. danger in coming in or going out. About seven feet le 5 good width lor this latter

lleiillhl' 8l'°Wth~ |vel°i>ed. large tracts of land are be- common passage behind the cows, ls

often favored. This arrangement, while fairly satisfactory, does not lend itself quite so readily to thor- ough ventilation _and greater coll- venience for milking and cleaning cattle. It is safe to say, however, that either arrangement will prove satisfactory and tile plan likely to lit in best with the general arrange- ments for feed storage, feed prepar- ation room, milk roonl rind ll~-allure storage or discharge is thc plan that should bc adopted.

POULTRY

1-Hi-: vAi.ue or Hen Masons.

A recent billil-.tin of lilo Maine

Agricultural l°Ixl‘erllllent Station sllows .int the poliltl'_\'nlall or farmer c:\_n ‘lclerially alll to the profits of ll\s :uslness by prrpv-rlv caring for ills iroopillgs of his: f~'lwl.~. For exallilllc, it is sllowll that the droppings trolii __top lowls it plcsclwi-il without newli- ess loss are wt l-in :lt least $300 _oi r ini um. and tl'.~.-~. i_sill'llate is llsil-_l on he nssuillptl'\:l tlrlt l=;-ss than li_li; thc lropplllgs, or only 30 pounds pci' llcu Jer year can bc collected.

According to tho Mollie station, lilo

droppings should he collected ilnlly and _lllxcd with substullccs wlllcll will ill lrcvcllt loss ot' nitrogcll, (2) ndil slllll- ziellt. potasll and pliospliorii' acid to llakc il. hettcr balaliccil i`crtilI1.cr. and _ill improvc the nlcclililllcal coliilitlon if tho lllnlillrc so tllatlt. ciill be nppliv-il .o the land with il lliallurc sprciiilclz

Tlils can bc ilono as follows: To -null 30 pounds ol' the lllanure add 10 1-lunds of sawdust, good drycd loam, or .eat, 16 poullds ol’ ucld plluspllatc, und zipollds ot` kzlinit. Such fl lnlxiurc will :ontain about 1.25 per cclll. of llllro- "en, 4_5 por cent. ot' pliosplloric acid, ind 2 per ccnt. of llotusll, wlllcll, uscil t the rate of 2 tons per acre. would

l"l=°!°?f

lounlls ot' phosphoric acid. and 80 iouuds of polash, and at the present lrice of fcrtlllzlllg ingredients is worth bout $10 por ton. ’l`llc nllxiurc would urllisll il well-balanced stlilllc fcrtll- zer, wlllcll, liltllongll not tillc enough o work wcll ill drills, can L-ze sill-izt-s.-r ully applied with ll ulallurc sprcnilcr. She trcutcil lntlllurc should bc wcll lleltcrcd until iilllc to apply to ilic alld-that is, shortly before plouglllllg. -Frolll the "(‘olliict.icllt Agricultural ollegc Press llullclin."

POULTRY POINTERS.

After a prolonged spell oi' laying, nd perhaps u into nlouli. some of he best laying hells are surc to bc run down." The usual illillclitioll of ills condition is want of appetite, luck f colllb-color and gcllcral lllopish- loss. Wllell this occilrs give lllcnl =l ollic made as follows: Dissolve ‘J ov.. f sulphate of iroll in il qunrt ol' .'ater_ Llottlo, aid add il tablespoon- ul to each pint of drinking water ally. Tllc tonic may llc given con- lirll'ou'siy'“l"rlr"'a~fortllit.»irt--or tllrcc "»‘cElll~;TTlilTl will bcibmld to tollc up lic system and piivo tllc way for .il resll output of eggs. Wlicli clllllsrkiilg oil poultry it houlil bo horns in llllllrl tllut different ,oils suit iliffcrcllt breeds. No featller- oggotl fowl, for oxulnplc, should he l-pt on l.oliiloii clay; or oll ally troilg, llczlvy land. On suvll lillld ally icuii-lcggcil brood will illrivc oi' lcrllngc iillll insect lll` calrc plentifill. in li- lloin doc~ host on light land

.lull ollc is ;ilw:l_\':i sllfc with \\'_\'llll~' ott:-s, lluligsllzllis, l<`il\'l\l‘olli‘::. lind- lillorcns. till tht- wllo|i~_ :l clay our-5 tco should, wlii-ll pos.-iillli-, hc ilvoill- l. [loam wltll ti t-lily subsoll is pru- lrablc. but it grllvclly loalll of grcul cptli is best of all. Sonlo people are under the impres-

sion tllat thc warlllcr il foyl-housc is il Winter tlic grcllicr thc ckk ylcld.‘ Ellis, liowcvcr, is il lnlstzllicli ldcll. lt' t were possible to kccp the outor run t thc salnc iclupcrzltiirc as thc llousc t might llc fcssililc. llut when. as is sllally tho case. thc fowls llllvc to. .lrn out ill thc nlorlilug ill] il cold, xposed rlili, it cllll rcildily bc con-_ clveil tllilt thc collirnst ill ii~lllpl‘rli-t urc would ilo illltold hllrili to tilt-‘ ywls. 'l`lil-_ llcsl wzly to cligi-lifl<\l‘ 'arllltll is to proviilc tht- fowli; with i scratclllllg fillcd, illlil illilkc tllonl ullt for their grlliil uliiollgst dry Ili-t

or brolli-rs or rollstclwz :iccorilillg to liclr size, lllld slioulil hi- wi-ll l'zitit-iii*-il llcforc bciiig lnlirkctcd.

can usulllly bc iiiclltlficd by its sizi-

--whicll ls ncvcr alilvlsiihlc

that, owing to the ogg orglllls being

the normal rate of one egg niicil dny,

arately, but on the sainc day. tho rc- sult being an egg that is neither soft- shelled or dcvold of shell nltogcthcr.

time to coat the egg iuuneillstcly it matures.

Crooked or lulsshapcn eggs urc lint

infrequently met with. Tllesc uri- duo lo the fact that wliorras twcut_\'~folir

passage. l Tho reverse arrsngement,thilt. ls. n

urnlsll 50 pounds of nitrogen, 185|

it is laid. The second osx. which is up to that moment, soft and yielding, is brought ilito contact with the hard one, against which it reclines, and when laid by the ben is flat and crook- ed in consequellce.

Wlleli choosing butter see that It is

of good pale yelow color--not a bright golden or a light cream. It should be firm and dry, and, when cut it should break a littlo roughly at the edges.

if linrd boiled cggs are to be used

for lilllking ilislics or for il garnllill, illoy i.|lollld bo plunged into cold water wlicn tllkcu frolll tllc hot water, to prevent. if possible, discoloration of lliv yolks.

A sinlplo and r-ifcctiisl test for milk

liloy bi- lllnilc. with all ordinary knit- ting llcotllo. Dip thc needle into the lllilk and iluickly withdraw ill all up- liglii position, ll` illc lilllk is pure it will stink io lhl- ina-lilc; if it contains only ll slilull qillintity ol' water this will pl l-.vi-iii cvi-ll ll drop tldlierlug to it.

'l`lii- host vvuy for using up odd

piiwos of soup is to put tllcln all illto ll lion with il liltlc wlltt-r. lillil ict sim- lllcr ulltil ilissolvcil. Add enough sil- ver saint to l'orlll ll still' paste, roll illto halls. and set ill a cool place to hardcn. This will bc found excellent for scrullbilig kitcllcu tables, wooden floors, i-tc.

Many lloll.'sc\vlvcs would be glad to

know that ll slice of lonlon cut thick- ly, and with tllc rllid oil, lf pllt into thc copper when boiling ille clothes will ki-.cp thi-ln lil-autlflllly wlliic. and got. oilt all thc stains from handker- <'liici`s nliil cllildrcii`s pillllfores. Let it ri-lllaill in illc boiler until the tlotllcs :irc ri-tidy to colnc out.

A glass wllti-l' boltlc, ivlicll discol-

orctl by llurtl watcr, can be cnsily rlcullscd and lllutlc to look bright by putting il llttli- viilcgilr and ll pinch of silll into lllc boillv, letting it stand for llbout two hours. illi-ell rinsing out with r-lean walter.

Lnulldry tubs sllonld lllwilys be

made iluitc t-li-un after they have been used. \\'oodi.-ii tubs are best preserved by leaving il lltllc cold water standing in tllcln; zinc tubs lllay be cleaned wlili allllnollia. :ind nlust be tllorough- ly llrlcd to prcveut rust.

After polishing tllc brass in the

usual way, rilb it over with a soft cloth illppcd ill vasclilic, and thcll polish it with il dry diistl~r_ ill this way brass will not tarnish iluickly, no matter how bllil tllc wcliilll-r may be, and the extra lroublc is small.

To prcvi-lit lilllc from caklug on the

iusidi- ot' ll ki-tilt-_ get an oystcr shell, wasli it illorouglily, and place lt in the llotilc of thc kctlle. 'l`lle lime will lit- t'oiliid to cllkc oil the shell. Tnko it out frcrluillltly alld scrub it off, then replace ill the kettle again as before.

llcllioil juice -.idlicil to thc isntcr

when boiling iice will lllzlkc the lat- tcr snowy white.

\\'licll li glass stopper will not come

ollt of ll bottle, allow olic or two drops ot' glyi-elilli: to soak in und it can bo rcluovcd quite easily.

A teilspooniul of wal'lll liolicy taken

i\vor_\' iwcllty lnilllllr-.=: llils ll surprising offcct on cutalrrli. lloiioy should al- ways be kept handy, ns it is invnlu-‘ ulllc lil <-list-~l ot' llllloss cliuscd by cnlclilug cold.

l l l,.ll

THE TURF

CARE OF THE HORSE.

Flvi-igv owllcr oi ll colt should look

wi-ll to tho curl- ot' tlil-. feet. Such

`| , g ‘ ,i .‘ . ._ .ild so dot-s lllc |)ol~l<ilir,‘. Oli lllctliillll ‘

or. l

A lol of _voullg coiiii-ri-Is, wlllcll :irc i o be lllllrkctcil c\'i=litulllly. should llc _ otcll rid ot` just as soon us pos:-lilllv ;

troilblcs ils ring bout-, sidc bones and spzivilis orc. ili most cast-s, caused by i|i~- llool In-ini; crooks-tl, which makes tl strain lilld lin illlctlilal balance.

Z\'c\'»-r koi-p ll colt oil u hard floor,

or li sloping one wlllcll puts too mucll strain on tht- buck cords. This ap- plies to il ilorsc of ally nge. Tile floor should llc even, und plcllty of litter, always clclln, should llc kcpt under tho foci. lt' thc floor is ol' plallk.

(lrowing coils i~‘llolll<i have a box

sinll und :l grollnd tioor. and it sllould lic clollilcil i-wry day. it is ll sill for :i wi-ll-boril volt to hc ruined ill its growing.

Bad sllooing causes lllnny horses to

truvcl llildly, hilt sllocillg is not whol- ly io lllzliln-_ (Wireless. ignorant ad jilstlnclit oi' tht- lliirni-ss is one cause.

is ilu- iioruo bilrll il dark, unventlla~

ind pint-i- wlit-i-~- _von dislike to stay long. Poor plliiv- this for good hor- si-s. ilettcl' inlprovc it'now.'

llorsi-s will siiinlp through the best

ct-llioilt floor _\-ou run nlnllc ill sllort oriivr. l’ut llliiilk oli top of thc ce- nn-nt.

THE FARMER AND THE HORSE.

Tllc Ilrooili-l's` (lllzcllo, (Tliicllgo.

spi-nks from till- flirlllcrs' point of view. Molly of its corrcspolidt-nts arc

-----~-A----_---< prllctlcill tlirlllcrs. 'l`hi~ following POULTRY NOTES. sf-cllls to bo thi- opinion of those who

ought to know illld wllo frccly ex-

Ouo of thc most colllilloll llbllor-`l»riss lllclllsi-l\'<-s ill lllc columns ol'

nlnlltlcs ill egg proililctloli is tllc dou- I this cxcclli-ilt joilrnili. ble yolk. All cgg ol' this llcsirriptiolli "W0 clllillol prcdict thc futurc for

ilic draft llorsi- witilolit taking into

and peculiar slliipc, nlid if illcilbillctl collsldcriilioii thc tractor. ()ur liard~

it will ` cst. work oil thi- filrlll consists lli liar-