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g l Caledonia '6 I Contribution I To Science mizifiizmbzitct onus-s .2 .... .. “pr-hue -~~--~@l w ~___ l; avegone n tcvvor {h :g:itn.i_eeiingfine. Gathering EMU‘; Ilxlglktllllown competitor from Iiiclnnism/oEcivvdrdMelnnu, I Alllerlcn, u spoken o! (fgpearelbllHflpllllssydlflyyl 1119B. not Canada, Th“ mide N. 5. 800d start to meet the coll!" e I

, i111": no oxygen gas. Fifty years ago i no one had heard oi’ volts and am-

lerations of nature.

, cial deity. Athena, was Goddess of

“n3” "5 Glllsow. H course and in due ti“ t: MJA. session Times’ plying m?‘ w" ‘mm ‘es-slim 1n Prim money. He U19“ °°mPeted for aiscience 5111'" Year scholarship under m“, Kelvin. and succeeded. l Having mniilleted his science 311E150 he came home and later Wgnt ‘e U- 5-. where a start was M- in: made in the uses oi.’ electricity 5W1"! the advantage of long training under perhaps the greatest scientist of the world. Lord Kelvin he has taken a leading place in the p"°l;°‘5“l°“' b1" b91118 of a retiring dl-illosition, little has been written of Li? 3mm" “l” emlmht Islanders mail“ 5°11" lily. some writer will e a. fortune in giving us a write- up of this remarkable Beliaster. I am Sir, etc, J. D. ANDERSON. 111 1717111: to trace the development of Physical science for the purpogg “I shclwl“! ll" Pflrt that Scotchme‘ have taken in that development, some oi us will. no doubt, besur- prised w 11nd that this science is ol comparatively recent origin. Two hundreds years ago them w“ no science that could _be called Physics. Men had bcen living on ml, “m, 20.000 years or perhaps twice that length of time without making uny syslemall“ "tempt to account for ll"! Oiieratlons of nature or to find °11l- by BXDerlence what the-cum; 35 made of. Two hundred years agono one knew that there was such n

pares, and thirty years ago the tel-ms "electron" and "photon" w". “n. known. Our ancestors of a. few gen- erations back were so busy fishing, huhlln: Ind practicing with . the Claymore that they had no time for Physical Science. There was another reason also besides lack of time for the neglect of science. It was not considered safe in those times to be too curiouswith regard to the op- A philosopher was then supposed to get his in- formation from the "Demons proud oi'Middie Air." and ti-‘siiic or that kind was sure to get the philosopher into trouble. Macbeth! experience with the "weird sisters" was, that "they win us with honest trlfles to bctray us in greatest consequence." whcnGalileo startled his friends by telling them that the earth was turn- ing on its nxis. the wise men of the time kindly advised him to forget it ‘ or they would be obliged to put him : out of the church. Times have ' changed however, and the student of physics can now carry orl his in- vestigations withoul. fear of being considered a wizard or in league with the devil. In tact. we now seem to have gone to the other extreme, tak- ing the discovery o! scientific prin- ciples as a matter of course. and for- getting the enormous amount of re- search and brain work required to extend even slightly the boundaries of our knowledge.

The philosopher oi’ olden days con- sidered that the material universe was made up 0t four elements, Fire, Air. Earth and Water. Each of these elements was presidcti over by a spe-

the Air. Neptune. God oi’ the Ocean and so on. This doctrine, together with a. curious mixture oi alchemy. astrology, occultlsm andimagic were accepted more or less generally until about'l50 ycars ago when Cavendish showed that Water was not an ele- mentary substance. that it could be split up into two gases which W0" named oxygen and hydrozell; 5W" lifter this discovery. other compounds were A analyzed irlvlllil T159 1-° ‘he science or chcmistry- Till! "Xl 5W1“ on Chemistry 131111 ‘We “ed when I went to school i!" 5 11-“ °l l“ elements such as oxysfll- C“b°“-

Inuit _

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, West Elm a.i§.".§3'.'-%ii:"li3l3 w will avctyoevmeold¢lldh"1‘°'“77.

“Traded several medid-IU: b" h‘: got no relief from them- "1 w“ advised t0 "7 oh wQQd’. Norway Pllll Syrup

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structure of the atom.

around a centre of attraction imide oi the atoms in the same way that the planets revolve around the sun. giv- ing rise to the term atomic astron- omy. spontaneous explosions taking place inside of the atoms oi’ some ele-

other elements. The metal uranium for example is constantly ~ shooting

produce ‘similar results by ‘what might be called mechanical means h“; been to a. slight extent succes- iul but the production oi synthetic gold, the iirst thing that an old time alchemist would think of is not one of the problems that the modern Physicist considers important»

to find out anything definite‘ ‘with rggsrd to particles of matter as small as an atom or an electron. In order to give an idea o f one of the methods employed. it is necessary to consider a student o! physics has to deal with. namely, ENERGY. . sense. ENERGY means work or the ogpacity oi doing work. About the middle and latter pert 9t 111° _1"1 ggrltllry, it was recognised by Phyll-

nature such as Lllhi. Belt- 5°11“!- Electricity. mssneiism Ind 1° 1°" were manifestations of enerly in different forms. unersy B MW l" article of every day commerce that is measured and paid for like any other commodity. The electric energy nut ws got from the Light and Power Company, being measured in Kilo- watt hours or it may be MMPW" hours. Energy in the form 0t radia- tion is given of! when anelementlry .

lron. lead and so on. Since that’ 1'1"" Z9 other elements luvs been. discovered, bringing the number up‘ to 92; one of tbs new elements, Bel-i l"!!! ll-l. now so common, that it 18 used to inflate our air abipa, was discovered in the vapours o! the suni N10" it was known to exist ontbsl earth. A curious fact with regard w these elementary substances is that Physicists know that the list is now complete; that there are no more elements to be discovered. ThFlmllhat particle ofJn ele? "m" lh*l‘:°ll1'°X1-St ms retain its "hemlell Properties is calied- an atom. “"4 Ktlvifl estimated that lfha. drop , of water was magnitled until it was =5 hires as the earth. that the atoms, 0i which it was composedgwould be aboutthe slu o! an orange. It is "limit therefore. that an atoinwould have to be magnified many thous. and times beforeitcould be seen WW1 l Dowerfuiyrnicroscope. In “or, no matter how much the power o! our optical instruments is ‘inol-ggged an atom can never be actually seen ‘because it is smaller than the wave lmsth °1118ht which forms the im- lke on the eye. I .When all the atoms had been.‘ Welshed and meas cu‘. and the laws‘ of force which control the motion of the planets and comets were all W“ 1W1 W14. it might seem as if there was but little more left for the stu- dml °7 Phyflics to do." Not long since I hllipened to hear a professor t om one of our universities. who was ev- idently not connected with the de-t partment of Physics, ask if it was not a act that all the fundamental 1w: o Physics mid been known for some time and if the work of the Physicist now did not consist almost entirely oi’ working out detail; m5 refinements. Bo far is this from- be- ing the case that there probably nev- er was, a time when the student; of science felt that there was so much yet to learn as at present. Recent discoveries have brought to the front ' problems that are Just as fascinating , and fully as difficult as any of these that have already been solved. Four or five years ago, a distinguished Physicist, Sir Oliver Lodge, one oi’ the first contributors to the art o! wireless telegraphy, had this to say with ilegard to theserecent discover- ies. "The ‘elucidation of the struc- ture of the atom to .which ~the quan- tum lus led ‘is oneof the most ex- traordinary. illuminating. and mo- mebtous discoveries of Twentieth century Pliysicsx": will try_ to show what discovery Sir Oliver was-refer- ring to with so much .ent‘- usiasm and what he rnent by ‘elucidating the

About the beginning of this cen-. tury it‘ was found that the atom was made up of still smaller particles. that have been called electrons. ‘Al- though an atomj is_itseif_ so hope- lessly invislbleun electron inside of an atom, has as muchroom tomove a- round in relatively ‘as a small fly would have inside oi a church. Not- withstandig the. smallness of the electron. its weight." diameter and under ‘certain conditions its velocity. have been determined with astonish- ing accuracy. 1t has been shown that the number of electrons in an atom is what. distinguishes an atom of iron ior example. from an atom. ofcopper. An atomyol iron has 28 eleetro is. that ol copper 31 electrons and an atom of hydrogen two electrons. It is also known that the electrons revolve

rnents are slowly producing atoms of

oft electrons whilebeing converted into the metal radium. Attempts to

1i, may be asked how is it possible

‘L quantity that the

1n i a scientific

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substance is vaporized. each o! the: "I would M! N ‘mam it h ‘elements lllllfl! 1*“ "dlmm m‘: house as it is e wonderful “W” " i... peculiar to that element. in or-

tenily lder to study thlll. "4l'1'l°1'" “l.” ‘Y’ ‘hmm followed to fell on a screen or Phil"- v p.93“ m“ ‘m; passing through ‘students o! P

' erous‘ plates.

give off its atomic energy as reduii ed that a person could easily carr. in his pocket a supply that woulr‘ sering building. Watts. Rankine. Kel- keep the car ferry in operation forlvin. are names of men, that were . connected" with the University oi 1b whom it may be asked, are W9 Qlasgovnbcotland. ow." It is bud- mainly indebted ior the discove , oi |y necessary to m that nationality the scientific principles on which so had nothing, to do with ‘the selec- much or our present day civilisation‘ o; on”; nupq." Watts. tns in- is baled. n is a well iruowmena sir vtnior-os-iad-sieeia-enllne. m ti" nilicant fact that science M0801??? Iirstfto" use the -.t0rm."’l_l0fl¢l!°"P" no national boundaries.‘ As-farna in bonnlction with engines and mo- nyslcel science are cou- iorrswviiave liiaIneno-in-tbe term

l WOQk M‘ MON.

Yrma- ci-l-Anrci- n-Ronuv

And You

Une- Volume Dictionary- Cyclopedia ! . new Universities Dictionary is in reality a condensed

b encyclopedia. about History, Literature, Geography, Science, Art llledicgno.

‘l 1 ' , . , It wil. answel many puzzling quegtlong

andlalllost 9f 5ubj9°17$ 350111? Whlflll V011 are constantly in 11001‘. of

May Have It For

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Only during the next thirty am is Ulla oiler open to you. We must limit It becaussour supply cl dictionaries for this special purpose is restricted to a small quantity. Act. promptly it

you‘ would obtain one o! these valu- able books. -

No Home Dr

Office Should

Be Withou_tA Dictionary

1n these mailer-u time: of wide-l

spread reading and unlvgrgn] "ma- lion the children are constantly eon- trouted with questions that. puzzle them, and yet question; that, 1o;- the "w" ill-rt. tin be answered by tbla illetllmlfy. You in your home and in your business need ‘thin book eon. Itlntly- Now you need no longer he

without a. splendid dictionary-ll you .

A Big Book g of Over A 1000 Pages

This big book bound in heavy and durable fabrlkoid contains over 1020 pages. It is illustrated vrltl. num- 1t ls isms...” thick. I Inches high. and 5% inches wide.

Get

This is essentially a dictionary.

a. three cornered piecce of glass or cemed Bobby Burrisfiprediction of a prismfproducing what is known as a brotherhood "The World Ger," has spectrum. Sunlight passed through been fully realized. 1n the domain of o. spectrometer gives the colors or the pure science there. is no such a thing rainbow. When a photographic plate as national jealousy. "It may do no is used to receive the spectrum a harmphowever. if between ourselves permanent record is obtained that|wc draw attention to the fact that can be studied at leisure with the aid of l. microscope.

Children can use it with the same readiness and. under- standing as the grown-up folks.‘

75cgTIfi You Act Promptly ! A

"kilowatts." Everyone knows who] l knew iilm and vtas about to retire. Aliiiiillc Cwbic iniu opal-alien. hi irom the proicssorsilil). As a mark oi I .-.lo,.p.";i iuid uni. unable tu no on llc iiliriricri the glass to li-incl-‘nriaili

part for the advancement of Science. The Physicists have muchyet to Two or three years dgofl happen- lesm with regard to_ radiations of ed to "be introduced to Dr. Crew. energy. There are several reasons tor Professor or Physloa.‘at_No|-thWQl1-¢Pl1 thinking that matter itself is anoth- , U _ er lorm of energy. but this has not out that l.had' been: student 0i yet been proved conclusively. It ls|Lord Kelvinb l was Mikhail kinds an accepted fact. however. that enor- | or questions andhad to promise that mous quantities o! energy are stored l would go out to the University and up in the atoms of matter which lieil the class ‘in Pbyalcasoiaething. may or may not some day be ‘avlii- ,no matter what, about Kelvin‘; work able soi- commercial purposes. Actlllhwhenintroduclng. me lo the sw- mcasurements have shown that r ' the metairadlum could be made i 1 llmll, fisomeolyou may notblvl -otlced that the. three; nbmes‘ that pliear on the front of our-engin-

ients, Dr. Grew said» among other

‘llulcklalldl 93511-1? Illidelhitfldd lllfo"“iai~.inii.fTiio children at imme gfgdlzlt as’ 3.1% ad-lu€¢ttli° gllell‘.Stlldiesillevelnployees at the office ‘ l1 1L9 1 1.30115 an Y 0.1‘ °°Prect and effective business writ

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WHY IT IS MORE

Than a Dictionary

This _new Universities Dictionary covers - not only ‘ill? 11193111118‘ and use 0f words. bilt it is a conciitci cyciop- edla-Of IYIfOITTIB-UOYI 111 all branches of world irnoix- ledge. _

. ' ._TABLE OF CONTENTS

Capitalization ........ ................... .. F71

‘Etymology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __ iii. Evolution of English Dictionaries .. s31; Keytorrununclsiion ........ . . . . . . . . . . . .. : Practicll Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. sun Preface . . . . . .. _, . Punctuation . mi StmdardF-nglish xr-i Vocabulary-A to Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9 to 87-1 l ' I SPORTING DICTIUNARIES .. 872 (loll

.874 Boxing...“ . 57:1 Football . . . . . . . .. 880 Polo '

Yachting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8M l - “SPECIAL FEATURE DICTIONAIUES

Farms of Addnn l W‘! Music . . . . . . . .. . . 931

Aviation 905 Photography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ilil-i

Commeljceandlruw...................9l0 Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 923

Everyday Errors . . . . .. 96;: State Names and Meanings .. .. . 1mm

Foreign Words and Phrases 101s Synonyms and Antonyms . . . . 910

FACTS WDBTH KNOWING

l§eli'l‘imeonShipboa|-d.......... . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........lil07 Birth Days ' loos _Birtb Stpnes............ Hill's‘ Dlgestibility o’ Foods 111411 - Facts Aboutltha Earth . 1M1 Language of“ Flower; 1013 Language ill-Gems lilJll 101i

Metric System . .. Nutritive Value of’ Foods . > stars Flowers ....... Time and» 11s Nariallons . .. Weather Proguostlcat. Jons . .

Weather Prognostlcatluus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ILLUSTRATED WITII 8 FULL PAGE COLOR PLAl Lb.

i/Vhy Make

Embarrassing Mistakes in Pronunciation ?

A mispionounccd word may make you lnvk ludicrous and vnlutored. You ll-"Pil m-ler make such a blunder ii

you lnrc Ulis new dictionary. The |r=~nuum> .l is indicated in lire \'1'1'.‘- '-t\\"-1y. by rcspelling nl

lhc unrds, so that err-n a school child

iciii lZin ‘sly understand ll. A full 1"‘? In in .. inn is Jrlllled at. lllv- l" ivsirrx. tut you uili seldom

lifliil l0 rclr-r in ll.

isiiloll/ How T0 Use The Right Vlford fir‘. The Right ifx-Eoment

'i'i:'~i'i- i» -".i\‘..t_\s .1 \\iIi'f| llliii-il means, rxuziLv v.) i. luu l|;:\e in mind, and 1'1!’ “Flillllllilx iiu-luilcsl iii liie defini- 1l<711> lliflllllzllolii. the onuk will aid you‘ to make your mcnillil; crysta (|f‘.".l' ni nil iilncs.

m _.

trengthen

Your Speeches And Your

.Writing With Words of i Poorer And

Force !

13y rccular reference lo this law-l practical dictionary you (‘llll greatly multiply iilr- pun-er and force of your (Til-lion. 1i’ file range of your l-l-iahu- lnry is not as wide as you would like in iirur it. you will he amazed ill. lllr. lmprnrcmaiit you ran accomplish through ilir habit of looking words up and becoming familiar with their synonyms.

fonYour Child at School

When Children Get The Reference Habit They Develop The Self-Confidence lWhich Improves Their Marks!

Teach them to look their questions up. When they first discover how easy it is to find the answers t0 the many questions which arise in their

simpliflcd

Lord‘ Kelvin wns and thc namz"

dent of engineering.

opened to students. the Cavendish; Laboratory was founded at Cam-I bridge University. England. whci- Kelvin who had been asked to [JC- come the head of the Cavendish Laboratory decided to remain in Glasgow another Scotchmnn Clerk-l Maxwell was appointed to this posi-| ‘tion. lt thuslhappencd that the only. two Institutions of the knld then ini existence were presided over by‘ Scotchmen.

it would be practically imposslbk to give the names of all the Scotch men that have made important con trlbutions to science. l will mentio- on two more. Sir William Rams: famous as the discoverer of live i sir new chemical elements. was col nected with the University of Gla gow in my time. and Donald Ma hrlane. Kelvin‘: loyal asslstan When the first Atlantic Cable we being laid. Macrarlaile had charge l o! the shore end of the cable in lre- land. lle was well on in years when