g;.- on .2; sour ,-

PAGE roux" H V T H E G U A R Di A N T-Authorized an Second Clue Mali Poet Office

Department. Ottawa. The lalaud Guardian Publishing Co.

Editor and Managing Director. Ian A. Burnett. Associate Editor. Frank Walker.

CIRCULATION "Coven Prince Edward lalarid like the door"

"The Iirongesi memory in weaker thqn the weakest Ink".

7:riAxi.or1-uroivu TUESDAY. AUG. II. 1953

Business Tax

Charlottetown. like many another city. is faced with the dilemma of having to tax its property owners unduly or discour- aging businesses from being established .vhich would help the ordinary resident to meet his taxes. The need for revenue is pressing, particularly with the building of a new junior high school in the offing, and the matter of adjusting the tax burden calls for some very fine balancing.

The business tax, which received first and second readings last night, is a neces- sity if revenues are to keep pace with ex- penditures: for the owners of real property in the city are already paying more than their fair share of civic costs. It is not a good tarz, however. because it may well make the difference between a successful business getting established and failure or a decision to operate elsewhere.

Necessity is a hard taskmaster. The risk must be taken, but the increase over the present personal property tax being paid by business should not be more than the minimum needed. That principle is ob- viously being kept in mind, for while the general multiple of real estate value is to be 80 per cent for purposes of the busi- ness tax. manufacturers and other indus- fries are to be assessed at only 50 per cent, florists 40 per cent, newspapers 35 per cent, hotel and tourist,camps 25 per cent, while mail order distributors will be assess- ed 100 per cent. Occupancy of tax-exempt premises will not avoid the new levy.

Obviously merchants with large inven- tories or manufacturers with expensive

i equipment will not be affected by the new

cw:

tax. They are already paying more on the personal property assessment, but profes- sional men, brokers and other businesses having a relatively light inventory will now. be called upon to pay a larger share of the cost of running the city.

Advanced Registry.

The importance of Advanced Registry in" swine selection is realized in this Province. but less attention is paid in other parts of Canada to the policy, and in the United States breeders have no performance tests on a national or state-recognized basis at all. If Canadian purebred breeders were to use Advanced Registry consistently, and apply the results in the -selection of breed- ing stock, tremendous progress would re- sult. This is the conclusion reached by Mr. H. T. Fredeen, animal husbandman at the Experimental Station, Lacombe, Alberta, who contributes an interesting article on the subject to The Country Guide.

Mr. Fredeen points out that if maxi- mum progress is to be realized, selection mustf bib based upon the performance of tested litter mates. "Advanced Registry has been in effect for more than 20 years. but we must admit that during that period. lit- tie or no improvement has been made in the. performance of purebred Yorkshires. To realize this one has only to examine the annual average performance of the pigs tested, or the annual grading averages of commercial hogs. These averages have re- mained almost unchanged.

"This." he emphasizes, "is not a fault of the policy. A similar policy has worked very well indeed, in Denmark. A few Cana- iian breeders have utilized Advanced Reg- stry to great advantage. Results have been obtained in a very short space of time in Prince Edward Island; and the results of; the thigh-low' experiment prove that ill can be done.

"It is important to remember, however. that while selection of breeding stock should be based on Advanced Registry for gener- ation after generation, this, alone, is not sufficient. The breeder must also make

-certain that he selects the best pigs from

high-scoring litters-best from the stand- point of growth, vigor and constitution.

.'rheae factors, when taken together. can

mean the difference between profit and

V lose in swine production.

"ivuicoa -Iuolstry has

"Much unfavorable publicity for Ad- resulted from the

4' "of tail-ender boars from high-

'- A. R. litters and getting unsatis- firm

brooding performance from them. unfavorable publicity results from

of ltaock-Ioid as 'from 1 -mm "when actually the litter I the now was by a different "prior boorifhi

American Potato Yearbook

The 1953 edition of the American Potato Yearbook has just come off 1 ,:'eo I is again editedby John C. Campbell, Rut- gers University College of Agriculture, and contains '76 pages of vital information tc the potato grower. shipper, dealer and al those with an interest in the potato in- dustry. -

Of special significance is the article on "The Development of Seed Potato Certifi- cation in the United States" by E. L. New- dick, Chief Division of Plant Industry. Maine Department of Agriculture. Another feature in this'year's volume is the list of research projects with the names of in- dividuals engaged in conducting research on Irish potatoesiin every part of the coun- try. There is also a complete a.nd up-to- date list of recent references to potato cul- ture in the United States as well as the; lnames of the one hundred leading potato growing counties. . Other interesting items include articles on potato varieties, potato production, rules: and regulations affecting the shipment of ' seed potatoes, a list.of leading United) States and Canadian associations engaged in the improvement of the potato industry together with the names of United States,

The Yearbook also gives information on how and where to secure helpful brochures and leaflets covering every phase of the po- tato industry.

The new volume also contains much statistical information of value. There are tabulations by states of both seed and table stock production as well as statistics on Canadian and world potato production.l

..A:.A:.A.C:.......

A Lot of Talk

The official report of the Parliament of Canada, for the average full-length session, notes the Ottawa Journal, runs about 5,000 pages, including Commons and Senate. In Washington they have the quaint device of permitting legislators to "extend" their re- marks-that is, to have printed in the Con- gressional Record speeches that never were made. quotations and documents never read, and all sorts of the most incredible literary odds and ends.

The result is that from the beginning of the session on January 3 to the end of July the Congressional Record ran to 16,211

and Canadian seed certification officials,

rue GUARDIAN. SCHARLOTTETOWN

One

Of The Question!"

ll

uusrwnuotsuos no vou 9120905: To TAKE mm: 4 coumovsksv oven suonretl sxuzr i.ENGTiis ?

-'AUGUSTiw1vsn, 4 1953

The Passing Scene:

By Obaorver . A CHAT WITH MB. X.

I have had I pleasant: and in- Lcllectuelly profitable chat with an American politician (Democrat) of some note. He happened along ,a few days after our general elec- 'tlon. While he had no objection to my making a brief report of our talk he did ask me not to mention his urine. I will there- fore call him Mr. X. and simply say by way of introduction that he is well and favourably known in American political circles.

I asked Mr. X. what he thought of our election results. He replied that so far as he knew no one in the United States who cares about such matters expected any other result. "In fact." he said, "we have long since given up expect- ing any change in Canadian Gov- ernments." I then asked him if he felt that the present admin- istration would llke to have seen a change in Ottawa. since it is generally assumed that the Repub- licans have more in common with the Conservatives than with the Liberals.

o . .

On this question he seemed to be of the opinion that the Repub- lican leaders had no preference one way or the other. President Eisenhower, apparently, is not so keen on personal contacts in friendly nations as Mr. Roosevelt was during his long tenure. He

PUBLIC FORUM

Thla column in open to Oh! dlacunlon by correspondent! of queotlono of lntcreat. The Guardian does not necessar- ily endorse the opinion of wrreopondenta.

SKILLED AND UNSKILLED Sir,-In your column "Island Odds and Ends" which appeared in yesterday's issue, it was stated that a. good proportion of the skilled men were obtained from Europe and seemed to infer that the men obtained from Prince Edward Is- land and other points in the Mari- times were employed simply as helpers and assistants.

1 would like the public to under- stand that. by far the greater proportion of skilled men and cs-

pages which had cost the taxpayers 551,371-- 724. Since then 535 pages have been add- ed. and the end is not yet. The Record is still coming out every day even though Con- gress prorogued on August 4, will be mak- ing its appearance regularly until August 28 with "extended" remarks of the daunt- less legislators. t

The statistics show another interesting fact, and one quite at variance with Cana- dian practice-in Washington the senators talk longer and sit longer than do mem- bers of the House of Representatives. The Senate was in session 123 days and 743 hours, using (to July 31) 6,479 pages of the Record. The Representatives used 4,533 pages with their impassioned oratory in sessions lasting 491 hours spread over 115 ldays.

i:DllURIAL NOTES

1 In this motorized age the traffic police- man is often a community's first and most remembered contact with visitors, A re-' cent story from Summerside indicates that the Prince County capital is fortunate in -the impression made on visitors.

0 0 U

; Recent announcements that Russia has stocks of 1-I-bombs and guided-missile-bases, not to mention improvements on Second World War "buzz bombs", should cause lit- tle surprise. The publication may do some good in dissipating the tendency, particular- ly amongst Americans, to place reliance on possession of stocks of atomic weapons. Such confidence hindered rather than help- ed efforts to achieve. international solidar-

l ity.

0 O I

J The, merger of the Massey-Harris Com-

lpany and Harry Ferguson Companies into

l Massey-l-larris-Ferguson Limited is an event that cannot be ignored in the agri-

cultural world. There will be those, of

course, who see the former being put at a greater disadvantage in dealing with such a great almost world-wide maker of farm implements, but there is no doubt that great advantages can be obtained by the integration of farm equipment design.

0 I O

Etienne de La Boetie, French writer, died this date 1563. The themes "Liberty" and "Friendship" inspired the short career of this early republican. .”Liberty is so noble and pleasant a thing," he wrote. "that every evil follows upon its loss and even the good things which remain lose all their taste, tainted by sgrvltude." Montaigne, in his "Essays", tried' to protect the memory of his friend as 9. model and peace-loving citizen.

' was constructed by

pecially the men in key positions are Maritime men. and not one European is, or has been. employed in a key position. I am, Sir. etc. CHARLES LAWIJOR.

OLDTIME PLOWING MATCH

"The ploughing match which was advertised to take place at New

Perth early this month. by order

of the Exhibition Commissioners. had to be postponed on account-of

the weather, till yesterday. when it came off in a field belonging to Mr. Daniel McDonald. in. of that

place. The judges were Daniel Mac-

Donald. E-sit. Sr-. Daniel G0Fd0n-hlingercd on year after year, under Esq. of New Perth. and Mr. An- who awarded the prizcs as follows: lst.

drew Hayden. of Roseneath.

John Smith, New Perth. 51 155;

2nd, William McLaren, New Perth. ti: 5:; 3rd. John Minchln, New Perth, fl; 4th, Duncan Mcfntyre. Roaeneath, l0s.; 5th, Daniel Shaw.

New Perth. 55.

"Mr. Smith. of New Perth. one of the Commissioners. and Mr. Ms- inde- fatlgable secretary of the Exhibi- tion, were early on the ground, and

Donald. of Georgetown. the

"It. soon became evident ' that in cutting and laying over a ti by 9 furrow the iron ploughs. of which there were two. were getting the better of their wooden rivals. One of these, a Scotch plough worked by Mr. Smith. carried off the first prize. The other (Mr. McLaren'a) Mr. Allan

The Sick Man of Europe

Montreal Galoiah

then went on to tell me that so far as the American public is con- cerned not: one in a thousand per- sons could name the Prime Min- ister of Canada.

Personally I think his figures were out of line. Not one in ten thousand would probably be more correct. So perhapa in this as-

to others whose om . .

distinct from their pgiiltlirixlanof." are different from our own: m' the time I got through ,,,.,;'h

explain the whys and xvl1c,.;('" to Mr. X.-without making ,,,,:m impression, I fear-my head ,f'i dizzy and my patience in ncmi as replenishment. At the some not it is mind to discuss alum-0... ,m.' eta of the democratic pi-ac.-t. M”

Perhaps each has some sum which the other lacks and with weakness which the other rim--it me have to endure. But it is not ii?! system that counts so murli B the concern for the frcmlnm .M integrity or the inrilvlduali fl" gives it life and substance W . . .

I asked Mr. X. wh L of the apparent difafez'1e1re1r'o1:m:i,M have developed between ;;,.,,:I and American viewpoints ..., ous international problem-,, 3;; gave me to understand that, Mm. the differences are real mm, mostbfficial Americans in imzk parties feel they are more in”,

dental than basic. lie adrlctl in in his opinion tan opinion u-ilrnli he felt is shared by manz ip,

publicans as well as llrxnml-..u) Secretary at State Dullc.-, M,” I519 HIOUEPI. has not the sam: diplomatic touch that Mr. .xt-5950,,

had in his confidential denim with friendly and nllicrl mm mg. The United States nnri n:;l;,,,

Mr. X. believes. have iiln mm goals and in a crisis would and themselves in full agreement and speak with one voice. lllcnnuhtlg, no one in the Unitml Slnlcs, 9,, ccpt perhaps .1 (cw lncm::;.r;1, isoiaiionists, seriously h0lIPln um

pect of political reciprocity at any, rate Canadians can more than hold their own with the Ameri- cans. It is a safe bet that at least every other person 'in this coun- try could name offhand the Presi- dent of the United States. 0 e .

We discussed at some length the differences be-

the British How on am plnblgm can be ignored. ' O O 0

Whatever the strength of 1m American electoral system may be, one obvious weakness. l yen. lured to suggest to Mr. X. l! mg division that can exist at .

time. and in fact does exist at in! present moment, as between 1),.

l "We have on our hands I lick

man - a very sick man." so laid Nicholas 1, the Czar of Russia, more than I century ago. The "sick man of Europe" in these days was Turkey.

But now the same words have been applied to France. And they have been applied by Paul Roy- naud. a former French premier. "France today.” h says. "ll (11! sick man of EIHEE."

Certainly Fran has been re- duced to chaos. Four million work- ers have left their jobs. Even the essential services, which keep any big modern city alive. have broken down.

The general collapse has come about because Premier Lanicl ha: decreed certain measures he be- lieve: necessary to save France from financial ruin. The-measures call for harder work-and more ec- onomic discipline.

. .

There are various reasons. of course, that partially explain the violent. resistance to Premier Lon- iel's proposals. He did not suffic- iently prepare the ground. He be- .gan imposing harder conditions upon the Government employees, who are, already a rather under- paid class.

The old question arose: "Why does the Government pick on us to pay the price of economic salva- tion?” The fact that Premier Lau- lel is himself a man of wealth hardly improves his influence in imposing austerltles.

And back of it all lies the long unsettlement. of France. the rising prices, the difficulty in making lends meet. and all the weary frus- llrations and anxieties that have

government after government. . . .

Yet. it is a mistake to consider the present disturbances as whol- ly to be explained by present caus- es. The causes lie deep. In fact, if

imakes even premiers the creatures

anyone turns back the newspaper flies to this same month in 1938 he may read today": story all over a- gain. a

At. that time Premier Daledier of France had demanded that certain measures "be taken for the pro- tection of the currency and the dc-

Indeed. one might almost imag- ine that Premier Laniel was read- ing from the script of Premier Da- ladier's address to the nation on August 21, 1938:

"It in not sacrifices I demand of the French people but. a more via- orous effort to revive trade, to - crease output, to create new ca 1- tal and to nrlse the resources of the country . . .

But the result of this plea was to have even the vital services sus- pended. Many workera crossed their arms as the symbol of pas- sive resistance. The crisis, then as now. came in an uneasy world. It was a. time when France needed to save herself by her exertions in or- der to save Europe by her example.

. . .

so it was that Premier Daladier pied for a generous response. "Let all Frenchmen," he said, "conclude a truce on their secondary differ- ences, and in the present situation of Europe and of the world accom- plish the effort demanded by their safety and their country. Get France back to work and we shall save peace . . . " .

War was only about one year a- way. And yet these pleas for na-

tional self-dlsciplinc fell upon aginable.

stony ears. Premier Lanlel today ' ' '

speaks in times whose urgency our own system is as plain as may be quite as real. A B C in comparison and, one

The curse of France is that the assertion of liberties has come. by tradition, to overreach the accep- tance of duties. Cynlcism corrodes all feeling. and this cynicism is the outcome of chronic suspicion. "We are betrayed." is the motto of those who would elude responsi- bility to the state.

. .

It finds ita classic expression in the political system itself, which

of such delicate compromises that they do not. truly possess. The crea- tion of a "crisis" by any strongly organized group is generally quite sufficient. to shake from power anyone who proposes unwelcome or unpopular measures.

The very absence of any nation-

al authority intensifies the pre- vailing networks of -- ,' t No- poleon, rldlng off himself amidst

the chaos after Waterloo. had only

similarities and tween our respective electoral sys- Like most. Americans who bother to give. the thought Mr. X. finds it difficult to understand the which we elect the executive head And when I tried to explain the formula by which the Prime Minister is named i .. his post by the Governor-Gcneral,l without in any way doing damage to our free election seemed more confused than ever.

tems.

of government.

small minority of the people hayge any hand in election the Prime Minister."

1 --... suppose, accurate in detail but in- - T in the over-all picture. , "In the United States," he went

on, "everybody has A chance i vote for inee".

This is a popular American he- lief notwithstanding fact that no one actually votes for the President but only for a list of men known as "electors" who later on choose the.President. I practice it "works out alright in- asmuch as the popular will is the final arbiter, hut theoretically is the most complicated system im-

matter

method

"The fact is." he said, "only

Which ll.

accurate

the Presidential

cannot help thinking, more damn- crotlc in principle; no way of making the American. oven the average Ameri- can politician, see it in that light. The hitch, of course, as Americans see it, is the part played by the Governor-General. ask, "should anyone have the right . to name the Prime Minister after he has been elected hy vote. and why is it that all Canadians do not have n rectly for the man they went tol head the Government?"