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°AGE FOUR

THE GUARDIAN

ltloruing Daily (Founded In 1881i Authorized us Second Class Mull. Post Office Department. Ottawa.

rresldent, Ian A. Burnett; Vice-President. Win. It. Burnett; Seem-Trees" G. M. Burnett; Editor and Managing Director. J. R. Burnett; Associate Editor.

Frank Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest lnk."

cnnlcnorrizwiiwiv, AIONDIJEYCTOBER 6. 1947

Terms To Newfoundland

Newfoundland’: seven delegates to Ottawa left for home last week with an offer from the King Government of terms of union believed l0 be much more generous than those en|0yed_ by the nine Provinces constituting the DQ101010"- But the Government is said to have Blllttilled strict secrecy on the returning delegates, urging them to see that the terms are not disclosed to the public till polling has taken place Ill 1119 York-Sunbury by-election on October 20!

AccordingLto the Ottawa reporters of the Montreal Gnctie, the terms offered to New- foundland include Federal subsidies ranging somewhere beti 3,030 and $20,000,000 azrmaii", to be paid in lieu of the Customs dut- ies (lflfilfil t taxes now collected at St. John's, which would b: taken over by the Dominion, as similar revenue sources have already been tak- en from the Maritime Provinces. In addition to this, it is prcposcd that the Dominion shell as- sume all financial responsibility for the opera- tizr. and maintenance cf the Newfoundland Rail- way, wlrch has always been run at a heavy 3.1.1.1411 deficit. The Dominion would also as- sume the cost and charges of Newfaundlarid's telegraph iincs and navigation aids along the east ccast of the island. Presumably also, New- foun:llanii's public debt would be taken over by the Dominion Government, although this is not indicated definitely in the Gazette's Ottawa dis- patches. Such a course, however, would be fair- ly in line with the plan followed when the D0- minion was originally constituted in 186.7. The public debts af all the uniting Provinces at that time were assumed by the central Government of the Dominion.‘

It will be recalled that the tax agreement terms offered Prince Edward Island provide for a minimum annual subsidy of $2,100,000, geared to gross national production. Premier Jones esti- mated the total amount coming to us this year at about $2,285,000. As Newfoundland has a population of roughly three times that of this Province, it will be seen the alleged Federal offer of between $15,000,000 and $20,000,000 is not only generous but prodigal. On the some population basis we should be receiving three times as much as we were finally forced to ac- cept, while in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick the contrast is still more striking. On the some basis these Provinces should be receiving annual subsidies of some $20,000,000 and $30,000,000 respectively. It is easy, therefore, to under- stand how anxious the King Government is to keep these attractive terms secret during the by- election campaign in New Brunswick.

Newfoundland's 1946-1947 budget forecast total revenues of $31,000,000 and total expend- itures of $34,000,000. its revenue sources in- rlude Customs duties, which yielded $17,000,000 last year, liquor sales which yielded $1,500,000, and other direct taxes which produced $9,500,- 000. As a large proportion of the Customs in- come was derived from imports from Canada, this source of revenue would shrivel to very small proportions if Newfoundland should enter the

eminion on the free trade basis now existing between all the Canadian Provinces.

Ciiderenee 0n Arthritis

According to the Canadian Rheumatism Association, a body affiliated with the Canadian Atodical Association, there are some 600,000 pccple in this country who suffer from arthritis and rheumatic diseases. This figure represents 5 per cent of the population, and it gives point to the cl:im that here is a group of diseases iuiich cfcrzrcnds national recognition, in the same way as tibarculcsis and cancer.

/\Il three thousands of sufferers may find renewed licfe in the calling of a national con- ference at Ottnvxa as a first step in a co-ordin- rited drive against what is d5scribed as Canada's "riumbcr one cripplcr." The conference, an- nounced bv Han. Paul Martin, Minister of llznltli a-trl Wcllarc, will b: held Oct. 13 and I4.

It will bing tcgzther authorities in the field within Canada, (‘lltl probably also from outside Canada. SpcalrTng in the House of Commons on June i0, t/ir. Prlflfflll referred to consultations between officers cf his department and Lord Harder, one cf the outstanding authorities on rheumatic diseases, wlo had set up a number of lnvestigatienol clinical centres in Britain. He said also:

"Likewise, Dr. Wallace Graham of Toronto, an eminent physician in this particular field, has also been in consultation with the depart- ment. Those two sources to whom I have re- ferred, tcgcthcr with the Canadian Rheumatism Association, will be the basis of a conference which, I hope, will lead to an examination of all possible avenues available to bring about some relief in respect of this painful affliction."

Though the news of Canada's election to the Security Council of the United Nations is gratifying, says the Globe and Mail, it will not produciso much enthusiasm as if it had hap- pened earlier in the history of UN. The Secur-

0

ilatlenal issues brought before it.

,ment in the old-fashioned sense than 'ortilice of being able to pu. pressure on the Council, if not yet a broken reed," has prov- ibrother-in-law of the gent who has ten pounds unable to grapple effectively with the intor- of nails, or an apartment, or the say-so about This weali- some permit.

next year may be the amendment of the Char- ter ta permit the Council to function, and it is a sobering thought for Canadians that this na- itian may play a prominent role in moulding lthese great decisions. Canada is worthy of the lresponsibility but will live up to it, of course, only by fcrsaking .the negative policy of "no commitments" and adopting a positive line on international issues.

- EDITORIAL NOTES -

Our cars, like our foods and feeds, are to cost us more. i’ D I Tomorrow night opening meeting of the Maritime Synod. I i‘ i It seems hardly credible that in these days a man should be executed for burglary; yet that has happened in the enlightened state of Norti". Carolina. I i f I Although the packing strike has not re- sulled in the expected meat famine in this, country, exports being chiefly affected, prophets of gloom are now predicting that leather will soon be in short supply. l I i i ‘I I Aaibs are g‘ “iii, q....i.g ‘ipture lust, now. Thcy say that to the new guugment of, Solomon the Jews are ready to accept division of the baby, Palestine. They do not go an to say, however, that the true mother is willing to surrender the whole infant to the other.

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The meeting in Landon of special deputies of Foreign Ministers will begin consideration of the fate of ltaly's colonies—including Tripolia- ‘IONIC, Cyrcnaica, Eritrea and ltalian Somali- lcind. Under the treaty of peace with Italy tlieyl have one yea-r in which to reach a decision. I

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People are surprised at the millions we pay in income tax. That is nothing, let us wait till thcse additional 20 surveyors of incomes have time to go through the records of those who ‘have so for succeeded in escaping making re- turns, far less payments of the tax.

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The Mackenzie King Government is quite unwarranted in taking the stand that defeat in the New Brunswick by-election would be a con- demnation of the proposed admission of New- foundland into confederation. There are a great many things which the voters really do condemn.

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lt seems that the ocean floor is not nearly so level as was once thought. The Swedish ship Albatross an a voyage from Madeira to Martini- que with special sounding equipment found that a level bottom was the exception rather than the rule. The ocean floor more often varies in steps of 50 to 100 fathoms, and frequently there occur faults where depth changes cbrupt- ly 100 to 200 fathoms.

ie sh Ar i ‘ lt takes party funds to run elections even in Democratic Britain, where Lord Woolton, for- mer Food Controller in the Coalition Govern- mini. 0516 for $4,000,000 to help defeat the Attlee Government. Time was when every can- didate had to foot the bill himself, and furnish a sworn statement that the amount he spent was all the money involved in his candidature. Now it is the Party organization that provides the funds, but where and why it gets them is

still somewhat of an open secret. * * if i‘

_ William Tyndale, translator of the English Bible, died at the stake this date 1536; he be- gan printing the New Testament at Cologne in 1526, and completed it at Worms; owed much to Erasmus and Luther, but his translation was' .opposed by ecclesiastical authorities in Eng-, Ildlld; was arrested and imprisoned for fifteenl months, during which time fie translated as frir ‘as the Books of Chroniclzs: "What comctli once if’! mc/ never out, fcr fear of tolling tales out of school. Look 'ere thou Ioap, whose lit-y erai sense is, do nothing suddenly or without ail-l visement."

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Creation of underground civic garages at, Dominion Square and Champs de Mars, and pos- ' sibly elsewhere in Montreal as immediate needs for relief of congestion in the central area of the city, is a recommendation of the Town Planning ,Deprirtm2nl which Mr. Aime Cousincau, C. E., its director, has submitted to the City Executive iCommittee. The report follows a 1947 summer study of traffic conditions, specially the parking lproblem, which followed its 19-16 survey. ln the central area of Montreal - the area being de- fined as i0 square rriiles—there will be required in the next 20 years 23,000 parking units for automobiles, and of these units 8,000 should be in off-street facilities, and 15,000 at curb. Over- time porkers at curb, and day-long parkers, even more so, must be eliminated from curbs, and should be considered as potential users of off- street facilities.

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As already noted, amang- the new words getting into common circulation, snit and Spiv are running well up. To get in a snit (says The Printed Werd) means to get in a tizzy, and a Spiv is of course a person who waiigles things, o linagler. People's interests can be gauged by the number of words they have for various things. Thus the French, who are reputed to go in for love, have many words for it. A Spiv is a nat- ural concomitant to controls and regulations. ‘Success tends to depend today less on achieve- on the

Snitis also o natural development

new ll duo solely to the Soviet Union's persist- of the times. Even allowing for the odditythat

m‘ use of its power to veto decisions. With altered-i“ rules of procedure,

‘ a _ the put upenftlia lis fir tutti? Qeurgcitqeeuld yet become e powerful agent of, ad tll remark, clmrlu The world

most generations have felt they were especially, can hard] In pier‘ ll I o’

and the nucleus of a genuine world gev- snit, ivith possibly the moocliliig Spiv alone ilt- '

The greet UN issue of this your and

fectlng ‘a siiiirli. n. _

Igrilnllng of mining claims in these

' that this

___“1‘HE JGUARDIAN,

llotes By The-Way

Ecypt now harbor: three Eur- opean former kings — 77-year-old Victor Emmanuel 0f Italy, who as Count Polenzo lives 1n retire- ment, indulging 1n his favorite sports of fishing shooting and cycllng- 57-year-old Zog of A1- briiiiii. who is writing his memoirs, r-iiri 9-year-old Simeon of Bulgaria, , a student at the preparatory school of Victoria College. in Alexandria. »-United Nations World.

A new table lamp. whose sup- ~pox~tlng stand glows in the dark is easy to find even in an unitghted ,;oom, says Science Service. The [upright column of the stand is made of 14 oyster-like plastic shells, one above the other, each treated gwith a phosphorescent pigment I that causes the glow. l

v Mines and Resources is now a. I hoage-podge of governmental activi- lties containing no less than six | different branches having little re- {jalion to one another. The Minis- ter has general oversight over the Northwest Territories and the

Territories. Under him is the direc- tion of immigration. of greater im- porfance since at. last the Govern- niczi‘. 11".; an i.izn~.igi~.i'.i;in pcizey. Lands. parks and forests form au- other branch in the department. Indian affairs is a fourth. Geology, surveys and engineering and fur~ conservation "are others. It is a curious conglomeration _ like the “hell-box" in a print shop. —To- ronto Telegram.

A remarkable example of per- sisteni-e in advocating a project. nos seen in the recent meeting in London of the Channel Tunnel Company, with Sir Herbert Walk- er presiding. It ivzis 80 years ago P01111110! was formed. Many other such companies had preceded it, many others were once its contemporaries. But e11 have WEQYIBCI and died uiirler discour- agement. Only this one company, alier eight. decades of frustration, continues to hold its annual meet- ings. and ta keep alive its deferred hope. - Montreal Gazette.

Do iron, calcium. nickel, ‘zinc and other elements occur in exactly the same proportion on the earth and in the sun and other stars? asks a New York Times sslenee writer. Dr. Jesse L. Greenstein of the University of Chicago has obtained evidence that. there ' are differences. In Tau Ursa Majoris, a star near the bowl of the Great. Bear 01‘ Bis Dipper. Greenstein, could find only one-tenth as much calcium. magnesium. scandtum and zirconium as in “nor-mal" stars, and C1111’ half as much titanium, van- adium. strontium and yttrium. Nickel. zinc and europlum were four limes as abundant. In Lhreg stars the departures from the sun's composition were of minor importance, "If the changes of g large number of chemical elements, as found ln Tau Ursa Majorlg, should prove to be real abundance differences." s a y s Greensteln “we shall have to assume that: some stars had a different origin 0r different evolution than others."

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The Eastern Township! ncerl take second place to no district in Elle World when it comes to chicken pie suppers. This writer was only able to eat two last year, one m, Sawyervilie and one at Coaticooic. But they were both memorable 0v fastens. What can be tastier than golden. home-baked biscuits? What can be better than vege- babies grown tn the garden, and served the evening of the day they are lurked? What can be more tempting than delicious chicken, flavored with home-made pickles? What ls better to finish off a feast, nian home-baked apple, lemon or chocolate cream pie. with c1115; that melts iii your mouth like the ambrosia of the ancient gods? Yes, to some. Autumn may be o. sari 11019 "f departed Summer. WILI rod. snoiv-fillecl months ahead the only prospect. But to this writer 111s the best of n11 times -it. is .~nirl<en pie supper time. _ $11.3,“ biooke Record.

A moiith-ivalering news Item W111i“ flT-‘IJ-elireci a few days BgO re- ported that the first Gravensteins are being picked in the Annapolis Valley, says The Halifax Herald. That will he enough to send ntrtlly roger people looking around (he stores for these delicious apples. A1111 with the inn-rent market dif- Ticulties abroad it would seem probable that Ginvensteins will he readily iiviiiliililu. The true Grnvcii.

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$.65’; 634w...

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LIGHTHOUSE

Boating in a1 dusk from the ocean

purple 0 '

with piling storm. the fishing’ boats lack post.

the lighthouse with its dashing golden eye,

drop sail and warp to their land- ings and make fut,

Up the steep t-illl above the hm bar, houses.

white In the threatening twilight. open doors

to shod their warmth upon the cobbled streets,

And fired men climb to stow their nets and ears.

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Under the door-yard apple trees, while children . " and dons rush out. Yet each broole selrngn fume on his tlireniolifend loolrs good- _ ght to an durkenlng waters when ateadfaet in filing wind the ‘ ,_, llgbttioule lrirna.

-Ihnoon Frost tn firm-ten Betoaoollenltm

- Auleclstlon undoi- the able lupet-

_ QHAIILOTTETOWN

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Schools, plans and curricula isre necessary parts of education, bui behind ui1_ making them efbclive, ls the teaching profession.

Canada has large numbers of highly skilled and capable teach-

‘ ers. but there are not enough to

Existing

Shortage

of Qualified

Teachers

Prince Edward Island

Nova Scotla New Brunswick

Quebec (Catholic)

Quebec (Protestant) 169 Ontario . 890 Manitoba 800 Saskatchewan 700 Alberta - .. . 720 British Columbia 160

6447

(Note: The third column repre-

sents the approximate enrolment necessary to make good existing shortages in three years while pro- vidlng for ordinary replacements; the second column indli-ates that the actual enrolment at the begin- ning of the year was 2.600 short.)

It. is evident. then, that prim- ary agid secondary schools have a rough road ahead of them. ivifli conditions getting worse before they can be called good. The con- dition ls not confined to Canada. 1f that 1s any consolation. One out of every seven teachers 1n the United States is serving on an emergency or substandard certi- ficate and 70.000 teaching posi- tions were unfilled‘ lpis spring.

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Why do these conditions exist 1n Canada and the United States? Why do students not consider the leaching profession a good risk? Basically, say those who have in- vestlgated most. closely. young people turn away from teaching

The Teaching Profession

inoyiil Bank of Canada Monthly Letter) '

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fill e11 the needs. The 1N1 census recorded 88.000 school teachers. cwo-tbtrds of them women._

An appraisal by the Canadian Education Association in January revealed the following facts about

combined elementary and secondary '

teaching positions:

‘ Enrolment in Teaeher- Enrolment; ‘Training Needed Institutions (See Note) 51 120 265 625 150 370 . 2'14’! $150 118 313 1500 ‘I030 419 620 880 1000 367 ‘I50 360 600 6866 9506

because of the poor salaries paid. The factory worker with little or no education making things for our current use receives greater compensation on the average than teachers who are training our children to be citizens of the fu- lure.

Lei: us admit to begin with that. ii is impossible to make an accur- ate comparison of teachers‘ sal- aries aeross Canada. There are too many variations in the type and cost. of housing, board. and transportation. and one school de- mands more hours of work than another.

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Probably the best. way to get an idea of the range is to take the lowest, am highest. minimum anal the lowest and highest maximum for three grades of teacher 1n Canadian cities. The following are compiled from a list supplied by the Canadian Education Assoc- iatton_ made up of data secured in August. 1946:

MALE TEACHERS

mix-er Highest lowest Highest minimum minimum maximum maximum Elementary $1500 $1319 $3609 Intermediate 1600 1475 35m Secondary 2800 3025 4000 WOMEN TEACHERS filamentary . $800 $1400 $1250 $3609 Intermediate 1100 1500 1475 3600 Secondary . 1100 2300 2000 4000 It should be noted that. provln- hardly be ctiosen as an equal

cial mlnlmo. do not. prevent the individual municipalities from adopting their own salary sched- ules, provided they exceed the minimum. This accounts for the fact. that. in the 50,000 m 100.000 population class, for instance, the minimum ranges from $800 in one city to $16000 1n another.

While average yearly earnings ln manufacturing industries were going up from $1175 in 1030 to $1.- 564 in 1944, an increase of 60.4 per cent, teachers’ salaries increased from $864 to $1,098, or 28.8 per cent. ‘This parallels closely the sit.- uatlon 1n the United States during the same period, where employed persons outside the field of educa- tion received 79 per cent more on the average, while teachers re- ceived only 31 per cent more. The 1944 figures for Canada. issued by the Dominion Bureau" of Statistics. are the latest available to us. but we are informed that teachers‘ salaries have increased in Canada much more since 1944 than in the preceding five siears.

Next to salary, probably the greatest. need of the profession ‘is for a sane and sensible community recognition of the teachers. The Ear] of Birkenheiicl, writing learn- ed essays on famous court cases. said disparagtngly “an elderly unknown assistant-master would

bteln afflclorindo bears an swerving loyalty to this fruit. 0.11- ei apples may keep better in svor- age, some varieties are larger. some have more spectacular appearance. But for crisp, juicy enjoyment, a fresh Nova SFObill Graveiislciii need take second place to none. Gz-avenstelns have some varsaiitily. They are tasty when baked with brown sugar and cinnamon. They are tasty. too, when baked in a deep apple pie with biscuit trust.

companion." It 1s sad to think that the late Nth-Century snobbisti- iiess is still reflected in the com- munity's regard for teachers. Young people are discouraged by the idea. that teaching is thought of by the public es e routine task. Teachers themselves regard 1t as a first-class job of social engineer- ing, building for the future and imparting influences that. will con- tinue generation after generation.

Lamentably enough, too many an interest in education" as an invitation to pry into and govern the teacher's private life. Teach- ers are human beings. subject to the some impulses and entitled to the same personal freedom and respect as are other professional workers. "The private life of I teacher." said Dr. Iaycock tn an address to the Alberta School Trustees‘ Association two years ago, “should be subject to the same criticism as that of any other CIDIZETP-DO more and no less. He should take his shore 1n com- munlty leadership, es is expected or all other cltizens—no more and no less. He is not the chore boy of the community. Nor should he he shut off from community ect- lvlty any more than the business men or other professional men are cut. off."