Lu ÉD Le eux Ale

dé de

per gsentt NB. Mes dt Fan Res Hé pH à rc à ira ni di OC ET } :

Emi

PAPIER LU A LA CONVEN- TION DES INSTITUTEURS, PALMER ROAD

PAR M. IsIDoRx BUOTE, INsr.

DISCIPLINE AND GENERAL ME THOD IN TEACHING.

a

Mr. President, Revs. Fathers, Ladies & Gentlemen.

In the paper which 1am a- bout to read, 1 will endeavour toefler a few suggestions in respeet to the general method ef teaching in our primary schonis.

1t is almost unnecessary for me to say that the first and most im- portant factor in cenuection With onr schools is the teacher. Next come the pu- pils and parents. The teache: must know thoroughly the sab Jeet he undertakes to teach. The more he knows the better fitted he is for being an instractor of yenth. In making these acquire-

L'IMPARTI

pupils, to order, obedience, and application. which are the gene- ral condition to the success of teaching. 1 will endearour 10 make a few suggestions which L'ihink will tend to promote the order of discipline. A eonstant land watchful superintendence of the child will do more to pro- mote the discipline of the school than the most severe punish- ments. The child when in schoo! is more or less under the masters eye, and whatever may )be his propensity to mischief, he will not likely induige in it s0 long as he feels hs is obser-

moved the pupil will give way to his natural feclings, and ins- tinct of his heart, and will stand forth in his real colours. Now if the play ground be net care- fully superintended by the tea. cher, it will give the boy the op- vortunity of exhibiting and call ing into action his bad qualities. On the other hand it the play- ground were duly watched over

ments, however, the young tea cher must guard himscif against the mistake of many of our stu- dents, of patting quantity for quality. 1t is not the amount of one's knowledge which makes him au eincated man. A man may have a smattering of al. most all learning, and yet may not be so wise, as he who knows but one ewbject, bat knows that subject well. While, therefore, the teacher ondea- VOurs {to acquire as much knowledge as he can, he should endeavoar to acquire it in an orderly systematie manner.

Let each new acquired facts be connected with facts pre- viously acquired, and put in its proper place, 80 as to be within call when wanted, and thus all his knowledge will be servicea- ble to him. À teacher should study and study always.

Fiushed with success ai eom- ing off a first classe man at a li- cence examination, and being engaged in a school in a rural distriot, where the incentives te study are few, the young teacher is, sometimes, apt to imagine that he has no more oceas‘on to study. Vain imagination ! The moment he has come to the con- c'usion that he has nothing more to learn, it is high time for him to give up teaching. Eaeh day's lesson, however simple, wili require more or less study and no teacher should appear before any of his classes with. out careful preparation. It is not only necessary to a teacher to have knowledge ; he must also know hew to impart it to his pupil, and in order to dothis success{ully he must have a thorough knowledge of children. For this purpose he must study their dispositions, their temper, and their habits He must be able to put himself in their position. See their diff- oulties, rejoice in their joys, and sympathize in their sorrows Let no teacher imagine that being childlike is childish. He must retrace his steps, one by one, until he comes downtothe child waiting below, then ta: king him by the hand, he will guide him up, one step, then a- nether, until he rsaches the top. The teacher should he patient, capable of sommanding his tem- per. In a sehool there is much to try his patience, and temper. He has sometimes to contend, against much ignorance and obs- tinacy. Frequently he will find that aiter explaining a subject With much care, he has to begin anew and explain again. Fre- quentiy he will find his forbear- ance requited by ingratitude, his love retnrned by ill-will. But amid all these trials he muet never lose self command. The mement he does s0 his power is gone. This leads me on te disci- P'ine in the schools. The object |

by the teacher when possible, his presence would tend to oheck the exhibition of what \was wrong. Although no master can drive out e- vil thoughts and ac. tion from a boy's heart ; yet his presence would prevent these thoughts from embodying them- selves in public acts of wrong. Bat one might say that this were merely damining up the stream and learing the foun- tain still full and welling up. To a certain extent this is true, but yet the very acts of preven- ting evil thoughts from becom- ing evil deeds tend to wea- ken the power of evil thoughts.

Discipline is also promoted by good organization. The prova- lence nt order or confusion in a

the organization. 1f a schoo! be preperly organized in all its parts the order will generally be good. 1fthe organization be such that allthe pupils know exactly what they have to do at a given hour, there is little risk of confusion or disorder. Again when the arrangements of the school are such that the child is kept fully occupied When in echool, thereis less ehance of disorder, than when one half are reciting their jes- sous, and the other half left to follow the bent et their own inclimations. lu 1he jlatter oase how o‘'ten

He is striving to impart both useful and interesting know- ledge to his class. Ile has began whils calmness and quietness reigned around. The chiidren not actually engaged, at first feel themselves under their masters eye, and maintain their quietness for a time. But he be- comes dseply interested in the subject he is teaching, his mind is so occapied with it that he forgets all but his class before him. Now isthetime for some of those unemployed to begin their tricks and pranke. The noise continues, at last it at- tainsa pitch that ie unendura ble. The master stops: there is a dead silence ; bat one unlucky urchin, too busy to notice the tasmanic sign of his neighbour, is eanght in the act of pul!ing another bey's ear—er semething ofthe kind—aud immediately that child is dooned te punish- ment. Were the scholars to blame in such a case as 1 have supposed? Truly, they were not They could net be idle, it would be unnatural if they were: and if the master does not find employment for them, they will find it themselves. The evil in in sueh a cause does not only in- terrupt the school work but en

genders habits, both to marter and pupil most disastrous to

discipline. The master becomes fretted aud impatient, the pupil

of discipline is to accustom the |

ved. But if the restraint be re-

school may be taken as a test of

does the master labour in vain. |

pr should be banished from

us 2

idle and triffling, and not only 80, but they believe that, how- ever much they may iike to be left idle, it is the master’s duty to provide them with work, and come to consider punishment inflicted in ‘his ease as an injus- tice, and to regard the master as à tyrant.

The teacher's character also effects discipline. Example is in all cases more powerful than vrecepts. What the master de- sires his pupil to be, he ought himself te be. it ssems to be à law of nature that we are more influenced by what we see o- thers do, than by what we hear

them say. Tlis is particularly ||

the case of childhood. Hence the teacher who wishes to im- press on the mind of his pupil

the neocessity of order, attention |

and appli:ation, will require to see that he has himself acquired those important habits. Disoi- pline may be premoted by a well framed system of scheol regulation. The teacher should consider his school as a littie kingdom, which has laws for its subjects, and penalties for transgressors. If children are to be governed by certain laws er rules, it is impor'ant that they should be familiar with those rules. For this puipose every sehool should have a few plain and simple regulations, regarding order, punctuality, obedience and application, where they can be seen and un- derstood by the scholars. These regulations shonid be few in number and printed 1n expres- sion. While the few means Which 1 have deseribed will perhaps tend to promote disci- pline, they will not in all cases prevent the occurence of faults of s0 great and serious a nature as to require the afliction of punishment- There is no part of the teacher’s duty which re quires more discretion and judgment than that of whieh I am now speaking. On the one hand undne softness and lezi- ency Will produce disorder, en the other harshness and sereri- ty will produce the same effect. 1t is impossible for me to lay down any definite rules appli- cable to all cases and in all cir. cumsfances. In admiuistering punishment, the disposition of the offender must be taken inu- to account as well as the ma:-|

gnitude of the offence. Two boys may have committed at

the same time the same iaalt, the one may be gentle and by nature unwilling to offend ; the other may be rude and fond ot giving annoyance. in the case of the former a less severe pu- nishment will serve the ends of disoipline than in the case of the latter.

Mach has been written on the subject of corporal punish- ment, and many arguments have been urged against the use of the rod, as a means of discipline in Education. 1n days gone by, the rod was used with no sparing hand, {or this reason itis notto be wondered that many eminent educationists are of the opinion that the teacher! should be deprived of tho pewer of inflieting corporal puanish- ment. But the abuse ofa thing 18 no argument against its use. Because the teacher had inflict- ed corporal punishment in many instaaces where it did positive misehief. that is no reason why the rod should be wrested enti- rely from his hands. Necessary chatisement is not opposed to love. The tencher may have the dee pest sympathy with 1h boy while he is compelled to pu. nish him for his misdeeds. Where corporal punishment is thus inflicted, 1 believe, that all experience goes to prove that its action is beneficial, and l'amof the epinion that ‘he! time has not yet come whenthe

CPR RS ARRADMENE" PEL TRL TT TT

iL, JEUDI LE 24 AOUT, 1899.

Eater ee ee de nl nl ou à ur ne à ÆU Te,

our schools, and consigned to our maseums as a relio of a bar- barons age. But while such is my opinion, 1 also hold that the less frequently it is had re- course to the better.

(à continuer)

RELIABL Ce ‘

STE

186 to 146 W. 14th Street, New York 189 A

1081 Market TR "MS CALLS AZINE

on

aFRBEF S 138 to 146 W. 14th St., New York z

Save the Babies.

Thousands of them die every sum- mer who could be saved by the timely use of Dr. Fowler’s Ext. of Wild Strawberry.

There is not a mother who loves her infant but should keep on hand dur- ing the hot weather a bottle of Dr. Fowler's Extract of Wild Straw- ù berry.

VB the diarrhœa of infants, and none has the endor- sation of so many Cana- dian mothers who have proved its merits, and therefore speak with confidence. One of these is Mrs. Peter Jones, Warkworth, Ont., who SAYS : “I car give Dr. Fowler's Extract of Wild Strawberry great praise, for it saved my baby's life. She was cutting her teeth and was taken with diarrhœa very bad. My sister advised me to get Dr. Fowler's Extract of Wild Strawberry. I got à bottie and it cured the baby almost at once.”

Sheriff’s Sale

By virtue of a Writ of Statute Exe- cution to me directed, issued out of Her Muajesty’s Supreme Court of Judi- cature, at the suit of Robert Fennell aud Charles H. Chandler against Dan- iel N. Forbes, I have taken and scized as the property of the said Daniel N. Forbes, all the right, title, and inte- rest of the said Duniel N. Forbes in and to all that tract, piece or parcel of land, situate, lying and being at Tyne Valley, Lot or Township Num- ber thirteen in Prince County, bound- ed as follows :—On the South by the Main Port Hill Road, and on the West, North and East by land of James Yeo, containing eight thou- sand square feet.

Also, all that other piece of land on said lot, bounded on the North by the Main Port Hill Road, West by land of Bernard D. Brown, and South and Easterly by Tyne Valley River.

Also all that other piece of land on Lo‘ Sixteen, in said County :—Com- mencing at a point on the shore of Grand or Ellis River, in the North- west corner of land in possession of John Forbes, Jr., thence South along the western boundary thereof to the division line between Lots Sixteen and seventeen, thence West along the same to the eastern boundary of Ja ad in possession of George Compton, thence Ncrth along the same and the eastern voundaty line of land in pos- session of Neil McLean, Alexander McLean and Alexander MceCormack to the shore aforesaid, thence Kast fol- lowing the various courses thereof to the place of commencement, conta'n- ing two hundred acres of land, more or less, being the land owned by the late John Forbes in his lifetime. Ant I do hereby give public notice that 1 will on Monday, the 20th day of Feb- ruary next, À. D. 1900, at Twelve o‘clock noon, at the Court House in Summerside, in the said County, set up and sell at Public Auction the said property, or so much thereof as will satisfy the levy marked on the said Writ, being One Hundred and Forty six Dollars and Forty-nine cents ($146.49) with interest on One Hun- dred and Three Dollars and Twenty cents (10.20) from the 20th day of March A. D. 1899, at the rate of six per cent per annum, besides Sheriff’s fee and all other legal incidental ex- penses.

JOHN GAFFNEY,

Sheriff, Sheriff's Oflice, Prince County, August 1st. 1899. 3-jns

Coughs that stick to you, that other remedies seem powerless to relieve are promptly cured by Dr. Wood's Norway Pine Syrup. Try it, and yow'll be convinced by being cured.

{

j

À. H. Q,

(ALBERTON HEADQUARTERS)

WO0L SEASON 1899

We are in the market to bay wooï as seon as the clip is

ready. We bought a great deai last year, and those who sold to

lus were well satisfied. We want to handle an increased quantity this season, and would be glad to have the offerings of all who read this. We promise the highest possibie price, and in exchange an assortment of goods of all kinds, that is not equalled— or even approached —in any other store in the Riding.

READY MADE CLOTHING —This 1s a business that has been growing fast with us. Each year finds us haudling more. For men aud youths we show Shorey's make, ackuowledged to be the most honestiy made stuff in Canada. This year it is excep- tioually stylish aud we.l made. Our Boys's and Children's Suaits are absolntely right in quality, style and price, and our stock will be found twice as large as any other in West J'rinee.

Ci oTHS.—Tryon and Eureka Tweede, Canadian aud English Tweeds and Sarges.

GENTLEMEN'S HATS.—Speeial values 11 Soft Hats at 65c., 85., $1.00, $1.10 and $1 50, all new goods. Newest shape in fine soft and stiff hats up to $2.50. 1f În need call and see our stock— the largest in West Prince. Everything you need in Shirts, Neckwear, and the small accessories of dress is ready for your inspection.

FOooTWEAR. — From the cheapost to the best our line is com- plete and large. Women's Strong Boots, 75c. up. Fine Boots, $1.26 up. Special value in Men's fine goods, and tha most complete as- sortment of Infants’ and children's shoes we have ever shown.

SUMMER HOSIERY AND UNDERWEAR —Ladies Cotton Hose, 5c. up. Ladies Cotton Vests, 4 for 25e. Boys strong Seamless Hose 15e. to 22c. Fall range of sizes all direct from the mil}, saving eur

customers one profit. ne

New Hardware, New Crockery, New Window Shades, New Tin and Graniteware just opening. Highest prices paid for Eggs and Wool

B. ROGERS CA 8. |

AEBERTON

SRE MERE ER

5. & H.

Remember these letters. Th:y stand for the leading brand 0} GINGER ALE, CREAM SODA, LEMONADE, ORANGE PHOS- PHATE and CHAMPAGNE C1DER, the best temperance drinks où the market.

Remember also, that by writing us yon can have an order filled for an assortment at -hort notice, and that goods are sold f. 0. b. Truro or Halifax. Buyers on the western and eastern shores of the province should correspond with us at once. We have a fast selling line of goods, which it will pay them to ha dle.

BIGELOW & HooD “57%

Branch Office—41 Bdford Row, Halifax, N.S.

ALLEZ-VOUS BATIR?

_— " , = , 1 ee RE À. LE X,

Nous désirons informer e Public du Comté de Prince que 1ous sommes

aus une position de fournir tout ce qui est nécessaire à la couetru:tion Ces Batisses.

Si vousvous proposez de batir, venez nous voir et demandez nx prix Vous nous trouverez prêts à fournir toutes espèces de matériaux de ‘'a meil leure q a ité

MECHANICS MANUFACTURING CO, LTD

Suuwmerside Qct. 14th 1896. W. ROBINSON MGR

33 OF FULL SIZE AMERICA’S CREATEST PEN BLAIR’S INK -MAKING SECURITYZ EOUNTAIN PEN

14 CARET GOLD

Produces its owu ink by filing the holder with water, insuring ink of the right kind at all times.

The ink-making properties will last for months, can be renewed at a trifling cost and wili not freeze in any climate

À bsolutely non-Leakable NO WEAK INTERNAL MECHANISM. THEY COST NO MORF.n EVEN L®S; TIHAN OTHER MAKES, Price 82.09 and upwards BLAII®#; FOUNTAIN PEX CO. 163 Broadway New York:

Éd

des Etat