' all-games in

.P_’._'.§E FOUR

THE GUARDIAN

llnrnln] llllly (Founder! In INTI) Authorised u Ker-nail (‘Inn llnll. Paul Olflou Department, Ottawa. ' Tho Inlnusl flunrlllnu Pnblllhln] 0Q. - Illtur and Nlnnlulul Illrntnr, J ll. Burnett. Annmlnlo Editor. Fraui Walker. ' "The Strangest Memo y is Weaker Than

the Weakest ink." CHABLOTTETOWN, uzoxnsx, Arum. 1s, 1949

ll. S. Farm Subsidies

Details of ihorproposed new U. S. price Iupporf plan fo-r farm products show many de- toils of interest to Canadian producers. ln place of the present "parity" system which operates by putting a floor under prices, the new for- mula is more elaborate. Two sets of figures, covering overlapping ten-year periods would be used. First, the Government would average out farmers’ total buying power over the first tori of‘ the preceding twelve years as a "total farm income goal." Next year, for example, the base period would be 1939-1948, when form buying power averaged $26,234 million. Second, the Gov- ernment would average out farmers‘ cash re- ceipts over the ten immediately preceding years. For next year, for example, the base period would be 1940-49, when receipts averaged $20,980 miiiicn. This figure would be divided in-to the total income goal ($26,234 million) to provide an index (1.25.)-'Third, the Government would average out the prices received by farm- e-rs for specific crops during the some 1940-49 period. This price multiplied by the index would be the support price. For example, the average price received for wheat ($1.50) times 1.25 is $1.87 1-2,‘ the new support price for wheat.

The new price support system would be applied in two ways-one for perishable foods, the other for nonp-erishable commodities. The perishable commodities, which account for l5 per cent of farm income, are meat, milk, butter- fcit, eggs, poultry, fruits and vegetables. Prices on these items would be allowed to fluctuate freely. lf they wont down the Government would pay the difference to the farmer directly in cash. For example, suppose the farmer could get only 60 cents a pound for his butterfot. Ac- cording to the new formula, the support price would be 66.9 cents. The Government would pay him an extra 6.9 cents a pound. The following table compares the present and proposed sup- port price for major commodities:

Present Proposed (per 100 lb.) Beef cattle . $12.00 $16.90 Lambs .. 13.00 18.40 Hog .. 16.10 19.00 Milk . 11.55 4.22 The non-perishable commodities, account-

ing for the other Z5 per cent of farm income, are such storable items as corn, wheat, cotton, tobacco. On these items the Government would support prices generally by purchases and loans as it does now, but, of course, under the new income-support base. The following table com- pores the present and proposed support prices for major craps: ' l

Present Proposed (per bushel)

Wheat 51.95 $1.31 :4 Corn 1.43 1.46 Rice 1.80 2.26 Oats 0.884 0.85.‘!

The whole system would operate under rigid Federal controls. Under another complicated formula, there would be a ceiling on the amount of each crop for which individual farmers would receive price supports. For example, no far-ner would get Federal support for production in ex- cess of 18,000 bushels of corn, or 13,986 bushels of wheat, or 39,276 pounds of butterfot. This restriction would affect only 2 per cent of the nation's farmers-but that 2 per cent grows about 25 per cent of the total crops.

The effect of the new program, it is claim- ed, would change the production picture to the advantage of the consumer. Farmers would be encouraged to produce more ‘of such short con- sumer items as meat and butter, and less of such surplus or near-surplus crops as wheot. Moreover, the price level would be determined ill the competitive market, thus allowing con- sumers to purchase more goods at lower prices.

Radar Development

An exhibit featuring "Navigation through ‘the Ages" held recently in London showed among other thi-ngs the old-est and most up-to-date in- struments in the field of radar. United Kingdom Information Office provides the following inter- esting commentary a-n the subject: Shortly b;- fare Wp-rld War ll ra-dar experiments were secretly carried out in remote parts of Britain and nea-r lonely stretches of coast, experimenzs that .led to the most varied use of radio waves for purposes of both defence and attack, an the sta and in the air. Nowadays, radar navigation boats log, the sailor's age-old foe, and its uses ll solving the navigational problems of peace m‘ numerous and varied.

The fact that the exact position of a ship fsiknown, is not in itse-lf sufficient to enable rhe ship to continue its voya-ge in bad visibility. lt is radar that makes this possible. In navigational radar short pulses of radio energy are emitted by a rotating aerial on the ship, and are reflect- 'ed‘bv solid objects within a wide radius. The re- Nested energy is received by the some aerial, and results in the formation in the cathode-ray, tube aflan/exact reproduction of the surround-

qreu, with the ship's position in the cen- IQ.

Potts in Britain are now also-being equipped

brith mLlveipooVs big harbour radar instal- .5910», all was put info service in 1948, and ~ wlilchlwas the first of itslind in the world,

ensures lhrsofety and the rapid movement of

the port. ‘Decca, navigator system which is used g '_ fipp’ on a hyperbolic lattice prin- _, ’ that purpose in ochial prac- f-J Ming operations on the Nor- 1.944.‘ It hat since proved n " aid around Britain e system convprlses four sta- trarismission of ra- lll1|l'l Decca ‘receiver, by minions im readings ltion canvbe taken off

-¢..=,_-.

were first used in aviation. As early as 1926 first wireless direction finding apparatus for long distance flying was put into service. Today, aeronautical radio such as the Decca, Mar- conla-Consol and Cossor's "Gee Receiver," en- sure safety in flight, while the "Rebocco-Eureka System" helps in fuelling in the air. Other new systems of ground control by wireless help to reduce the dangers of landing in bod weather and by night.

./ IiDIIURIAL Norris),

Grass fires are burning everywhere just now,‘ most of them carefully tended. Those that are not are a threat to property and perhaps life.

,Sir Gordon Macdonold, former and last governor of Newfoundland has been raised to the peerage and took his seat in the House‘ of Lords on Wednesday. i

i‘

There was an earthquake on the West coast when Prime Minister St. Laurent visited Vancouver last week. Mr. George Drew would probably consider it poetic justice if the Liberal leader got the blame.

i i G

The permanent civil service is becoming very definitely involved in politics. In Ottawa we have a former civil servant as Minister of External Affairs and pravincia-lly we have former ministers stepping into the civil service.

‘I i I

According to the annual report of the For- eign Exchange Control Board, Canada received $68,000,000 of American money for capitol in- vestment during 1948 compared with $48,000,000 in 1947 and $17,000,000 in 1945.

Q i H

Refusal of ‘longshoremen to work s-trike- affected vessels at Saint John has caused finan- cial lass to‘ the city to the extent of perhaps as much as $250,000 in the first 14 days observers close to the woterfi-ont eftimate.

Nova Scotia Legislature has prorogued with- out any announcement regarding a Provincial election. .lt is understood the appeal to the el- ectorate for the local Legislature will be post- polned till alter the Federal election in June or

u‘ y. -

n t t

Hon. James A. Glen former speaker of the Canadian House of Commons, continues in Washington to recover from the effects of a heart attack and was reported "doing very well." The 72-year-old former cabinet minister is a patient at Bethfsdg ltiaval hospital.

One of the political jokes now being cir- culated by British Conservatives insists that Col- umbus was the first Socialist. Here is why: He embarked on his journey without knowing where he was going. When he got there he didn't kncw where he was and when he returned he didn't know where he'd been. And he performed the whole operation on borrowed money.

. Sale of margarine presents o "serious econ- amic crisis" for dairy farmers by forcing down butter prices, Welfare Minister Goodfellow of Ontario s-aid in Toronto. Some 75,000 Ontario dairy farmers have lost $15,000,000 annual in- cc-me throii-gh margarine sales, provincial offic- ials estimate. Butter prices have dropped re- cently from 70 to 60 cents a pound.

I I k

The arrest of Freda Linton, the 20th. a-nd last suspect named by the Royal Commission on Espionage does nbt write finis to Soviet spy activity in this country. The Commission report- ed that the N.K.V.D. (secret police), the Mili- tary lntelligence, the Commercial Service and the Diplomatic Service all maintained secret agents here and the trials to date have dealt with Military intelligence only.

i‘ it i

Now that margori-ne is on the market throughout most of the Dominion, continuing improvement in creamery butter production is reported already by the Bureau of Statis-ticsrThe bu-reau says production during March increased by 598,000 pounds to 11,989,000 pounds from 11,391,000 in March, 1948. This boasted the total for the first three mon-ths of this year to 30,118,000 pounds against 28,374,000 in the corresponding period of 1948.

i’ i fl

Reverend John Foxe, English ecclesiastic, died this ila-te 1587. Chiefly remembered by his Acts and Monuments published in 1563, better known in the last generation as Foxe's Book of Martyrs, begun atthe suggestion of Lady Jane Grey. lt chronicled in ghastly detail the trials and sufferings of numerousfihristici-ns who suf- fered and died for their faith at the stoke and otherwise at the behest of intolerant ecclesias- tics aided and abetted by equally intolerant civic authorities.

n w a

The morning Winnipeg Citizen came out on Wednesday with its‘ final issue after 13 1-2 months of publication. The paper carried a front-page statement that publication had been suspended. The statement said: "The decision was taken in the ligiht of the failure of the company either to obtain funds required- to meet losses incurred in producing the newspap- er, or to effect a sale." A member of the board of directors told a public meeting April 4 that the paper had incurred an operating loss of $150,000 through the first 13 months of publi- cation. _ o'

I I Q

Georg-e Elliott McLeod, 19-year-old Wood Islands sailor, will stand trial for his life on April 19 in Saint John Circuit Court. McLeod was indicted by a CircuiLCourt grand jury for the murder of Joseph Allan Morriscy, 26, of Newcastle, last Jan. 23. Mr. Justice Anglln in preliminary remarks to his grand jury charge advised members that they formed the most pow- erful public body in thecountry outsidi Parlia- ment. He notzd that the grand iury system ls still used in Canada only in the Maritime: and in Ontario. The grand iury was advised that It bod powers to enquire beyond the terms of the indictment preferred by the Crown. A majority’ of its members might bring in a report-as con-

trotted with rhe pint jury when unanimous

opinion was required. a

l 72 i‘ 170M’

APRIL All the old Aprils pierce my her-rt t

011ml . I hear them sobbing. singing down tti hlll

e .

I feel the sold blade of a dnflodll

Run through ime like a flame. I hear the slight y

Impsipimie slow r0014 invoke the sod

flowering

8795B. Ara sudden in the valley. And I

pass Camssed and miltten by l. willow rod.

The sham blue shadows of a. year of Spring Are stabbing me tonight. The tawny

moon,

The whiff of meadow-sweet. the splendid hush

Of hemlock boushs and birds that dare not sing

Shatter me with their silence. Ah! and soon

I shall be utterly broken by n thmush.

—Barbars. Young.

Old Charlottetown (And r. r. l.)

._--

i

"We are indebted t Mr. Cheppeil for a copy of The slander, pub- lished by the late John Ings, and dated January 30th, 1852.

"Thlswolce from the past_is in- teresting, instructive, inspiring. Those whose names are prominent in its advertising columns~the leaders of the then commercial life -—those who figured ln the courts. those who addressed its 1x51515- ture then in session. all those who were foremost in life's activities, ‘the wlse ancPthe foolish, the guilty and tiie just, have quietly mingled their bones ln the dust.’

"At the session of the Legisla- ture whose opening is reported in this ancient copy the following members were sworn in: Joseph Pope, 1st Prince; John Jardine, 2nd Kings; Edward Whelan, 2nd Kings: Allan Fraser, 2nd Prince; Han. James Warburton, 1st Prince. "Among the evidence of progress since the date of this paper we might quote the following Notice‘ by the Postmaster General: ‘The mails for Georgetown will in future be made up at this office every Tuesday morning at 9 o'clock in- stead of Monday morning,’ which would indicate that there was o weekly mail between Georgetown and the capital. . . .

"Our Province. then a colony, has

changed much in these sixty years;

the men and women who occupied

the stage have passed an, but hu- man nature remains true to the_ original, This ls exemplified in

the political column, from which

the following ls an extract: ‘The sooner the people of this Island resolve upon returning a majority of representatives similar in abll- ities and politics to those of the last Assembly, be they Tories or whatever Earl Grey's wretched slaves ln the present majority may be pleased to call them, so much the better for themselves. Every day is rendering it more evident that the ‘Responslbles’ have de- ceived. betrayed, and sold their constituents for the base object: of office and pay for themselves.’

, "This sounds strangely familiar. Those who ‘deceived, betrayed and sold’ their constituents, their coun- try and the Empire, have since re- ceived Christian burial and the usual euloglstlc obituary notices in the press. The betrayed constitu- ents also passed out, little the worse for the betrayal. And so there may be hope for the political sinners of today, notwithstanding the fears of their political oppon- ems."

-Guardlan files, January, 1912.

SIR-ANGEL!’ FAMILIAB

Alcoholism May Double In Another Generation

Factors involved in alcoholism may be constitutional, psychologic- al or sociological. or a combinat- ion of ail or any of the three. with. perhaps, little heredity throvm in. This i the conclusion reached by a. reader of Dr. R. G. Bell's — "How You Become An Alcoholio" - in the current issue of Health, official magazine of the Health League of Canada. Dr. Bell is Medical Director of the Shadow Brook Health Foundation in sub- urban Toronto.

Dr. Bell's opinions. expressed tn the article, are based on his ex- perience and wiinical impressions after 2% years’ study and trest-

. merit. of alcoholics. He describes

ethyl alcohol as "the safest, most readily available and most; palat- able anaesthetic that. we have," and states that there are indications that. within anottier generation t e incidence of alcoholism could be doubled.

“Sensible, temperate drinking habits should be established now in a practical and common sense fashion, and education and pubilo outlets to faciiltntethese should be established." he writes.

"The study of any alcoholic patient in Canada may begin with hi: racial background, anon‘ y and number of generations bis family hu lived tn this equal?!’ Dr. Boll writes. "The number of uncut- ions in Canada is important in that the efforts of parents to pro- duce Europeans in‘ a Onnsaim setting usually "result in early childhood mnlldhlltmeslh- Qoh in the proiiueuimpr iwpiipunp in first and mono gmoratfon ‘New- Olflldlllll.’

If: gm on to

(‘I

u; ‘that the

illness ' through predominantly psyeboiomel factors’ has ruched

A gggrljiiewcuguioim.

o: bygone neias. vnunz Mm. M1 '

msisaiustment could be a factor l1

INANAOIAN 6o‘

\\lll»'\'1' HE M051 SE rumkino:

_ SIX YEARS ONLY -?,> y coo» rim nave use» v ABOUT CARDINAL MINDSZENTY . mo Tole omen. curacy ,7 /

l /'. ream coniiissioii on esrioiuoé) m COMMUNIST SPY RING RECEIVES sentence... trig,

ONE OF - A OILUDID AND MiSGUIDED

w/ill/

TThe Scandinavian Countries And The Atlantic Pact

(By W.N. Ewer)

Ail across Northern Euro’?! these days there ls deep anxiety. I have Just been visiting four Northern capitals - Oslo, Stock- holm, Helslnkl and Copenhagen. In all four some question is be- ing asked, “What are the Krusslans planning? wuieie and what wui their next move be?"

Norway and Denmark. because at their apprehension ere Joining the Atlantic pact. Sweden because of her apprehension chooses "neu- frailty". Finland, because of her apprehension, has signed a treaty of mutal assistance with the So- viet Unlon. Policies vary. But they are all basedon the same can'- viction; that the Soviet Union has to be regarded as a potential ag- gressor: ihaf. it cannot be taken for granted that there ls nothing to be feared from her.

Nobody — except Communists faithfully repeating slogans devis- ed for them in Moscow - has any fear of the West. Nobody — ex- cept Communists — believe for a moment. in “Anglo-American a8- gresslon". I doubt whether many Communists really think there is any danger from the West. There are certainly some of them who begin to suspect that there may be danger from the East and are disturbed by the thought.

The making of the Atlantic pact. has largely removed the fear ol direct and deliberate Russian ag- gression on either Norway oi‘

Denmark. You no longer hear 1n

Copenhagen. as you did a year ago, anxious speculation 11s to the possibility of a Soviet demand to be allowed to reoccurpy the Dari- ish Island of Bornholm. The pact has alloyed such anxieties. But distrust of Russian intention r8- mains. ' n a .

Sweden's choice of "neutrality" does not imply any belief 1n the peaceful and good nelghbourly intentions of the Soviet Govern- ment, still less any belief in any nglgresslve purpose of the Western powers. It is 1n a large measure determined precisely by a distrust of Rumlim intentions, by a. desire to avoid any action which might give the Soviet Government some pretext for counter action.

The- Swedes are especially con- cerned about. Finland. This both because of ‘traditional friendship between the countries, and be- cause of strateglcal reasons. They frankly fear that Sweden's adhes- lon to the Atlantic Pact.» or her association with the Atlantic paw- ers might. be declared by Moscow to be "a threat of aggression" within the meaning at the Soviet- Flnnlsii treaty of 194B:_and that the Soviet Government might then insist upon moving its troops in- to Finland to "assist." the tiny Finnish army. The Soviet attitude to Finland ls and h intended to be entirely ambiguous. 38181-10118 are formally ~correct though the Rrusslans are hardly cordial. Econ- omically, the Soviet Government trade agreement has been even conciliatory. A trade agreement has been m which is very set- isfactory to te Finns. And the tines which Finland has incurred by unavoidable delays in delivery of reparations have been remit-

B-ut. at brie same time an inocu- sant. and increasingly violent pra- paganda 0851961811 1s being waged

this destination via the following route. Plagued by feelings of in-': adequacy. inferiority, fear, de- pression or resentment in his daily lift, he hastrled to aura himself by nlleviatinqhla symptoms with the use of an anaesthetic - slcohoi. ,

Dr. Bell writes that there amour to be many relatively stable people who have become alcoholics through the combined effect of a constitut- ional factor and QXPOU-llu to social situations conducive to. repetitive intoxication. or possibly to social situations alone. These people he- ooms alcoholics through look of knowledge of theifllmvlsttvo effect of _ led aver-indulgence 1n 516011 blv ‘rat-her ‘than

hfitflflt omn- motel

w _ m, Qflttollflllflil- in _ _.typg§,of business life. " "Iblfllefbllf" ;if_i,s_tl1tsit spirits can produce alcoholism unless they mi one oftan-onovtpb. nia- iii-

slcobatio who ‘has developed. his llltfl l‘!

. . . “null/h . T‘ m: rcplfitivrtntaxlcution tiiiiiflii-g-e

ltllfl In alcoholism.‘ DI. Bell ltltll-

against the present Finish Clov- ernment. It ls accused almost daily by the soviet Press and radio. and of JOUFSB by the Finnish Com- munist press as well, of unfriend- llness to Russia, of breaches of the peace treaty, of intriguing with the Western powers, of le- cret rearmamen-t.

Under thls are... the Finnish Government has remained very calm. It has dime as M. Ilbrgerhoun declared that it would when he formed his cabinet lust summer- "spare no effort to create friendly confident and honest relations be- tween Finland and the Soviet Union". The Ministers express neither apprehension nor anxiety. And indeed Finnish nerves are strong.

O l I

But the fact of this intensive propaganda barragg is there though its purpose still rem-ulna hidden. It may - as some Flnns at any rate profess to believe - be only a clumsy attempt: to suWclrt the Finnish Communists in their op- position to the Government. It nwy be directed to Stockholm — intended to increase Swedish anx- ieties and so_ to confirm the Swe- dish Government. in its resolve to remain "neutral".