n JANUARY l 30. 1932 flniry Problems Under Analysis

hoped for till it is accomplish ’. The costs that must be reduced

I The {allowing address of Mr. P. E m mbmgon, Richmond, Quebec, P,,edn,n¢, National Dairy Council p; gonads was read on Tuesday before the Dairymerfs Association n, Prince Edward Island, by m.

_ J, Gibson, Marshfield, a mem- w- of the Council.

pgntlcmen: _ .

You will agree with me that the m, just closed has been one of m, most difficult for farmers and myymeil to finance. They are not “on, 1n this, as many business mm have found it exceedingly dmlcult to keep above the red W, nnd not a few have gone un- lflinnlp. Canada has stood the nnnt of the depression as well, if not better, than many other coun- nlq, After all, dairying is the best ‘n, or agriculture. It gives n. direct "tum for the sale of milk and its nrodtlttl, and although greatly re- duced in price, yet there is always n, available market.

Mgny solutions have been offer- “1 w overcome the present depres- don, and we have been told time nnd again that good times are sround the comer, but the quest- pn we might ask is, "Which cor- nn-z" Perhaps the "corner" is nearer than we think. Let us be optimistic enough to think so and raise our note of hope.

During ihe past year there was g big increase in the make of but- ter. Although figures are not yet gvullAbld it is estimated the in- mus will be more than 30,000,000 us. over 1931. The make of cheese has held nearly the same, perhaps slittle lower, according to the mum; figures. The grading oi our cheese has been of great value hi improving quality, and, our cheese holds a high place in the jritlsh market. Exports of cheese acceded the previous year and ex- pats of butter were the highest once i926. The milk‘ distributing business is passing through dis- turblng conditions. These questions rill be dealt with further on in my

is to the work of the National

My Council, your officers have time their best to be of real value ud to give real worthwhile service to the industry. Our aim, in part, lus been to develop public appre- ciation of the economic value oi milk and its products as s. food. i931 has been one of the most dif- ficult in the history 0f the Coun- cil to carry on. Considerable work of value to the dairy industry which we had planned to do, had ‘to be abandoned for the lack of funds, and economies were made wherever possible. Thus we have been able to carry on and keep our expenditure within our income.-

Many Problems

We realize there will be many problems to solve in the dairy bu- rincss in 1032. Reduced prices for milk and its products have given lll enraged in the dairy busncss‘ a real and common problem of how to meet conditions on the present basis of prices. Further curtail- ment of farmers’ incomes will ser- iously affect their position. Our aim should be; (1) To rc-organizc our dniry system on a more econo- mical basis of production and mar-

l ‘ lellnlz. (2) To re-establish e. price v itructurc for milk and its products

that will, as for as possible, re-

' create living conditions for those

' "liflscd in the vital industry oi

“wring. One way out is— that there may be greater unity oi thought and action by nll engaged

in the industry.

Surely’ the conventions are for ll"? Durpose oi developing new Ideas and new policies for the

mlfy Industry. The past year has bronchi to all of us the realization that new thought must be brought l0 bear upon old problems made much more acute by present world conditions,

Wc cannot forecast the future llill We may safely say that prices MW obtainable in the world mar- kets and which have their natural reflection in our domestic market ‘"0 It such a level that we MUST

_ "dime our costs or go out of busi-

YWH-Thls is the necessary and es- lential feature of such a. period of "fldlustment as we are now in, Ind sustained progress cannot be

B" b0"! PYlmB-W costs on the farm and that other accumulation of transportation, distribution and profit charges which add them. selves to each farm product be. fore it reaches the consumer. Time forbids me to enter in detail into more than two or three of the ca- ses in which we have opportunity to better our position.

Gentlemen. I have the feeling that we are not grappling n, w; should with our dairy prcblemg, Each one hopes that some locgl good fortune will befall him so, that effort to change our way or doing things will not be necess y. To illustrate my thought in this

“ may I discuss with you three individual problems out of the very many that might be se- lectcd.

Heavy Factor

1: Over a large area in Eastern Canada the cost of purchased con- centrates is a very important fag- tor in butter fat production. I have pointed out for some years that Eastern dairymen were not buying their feed in an economical or ef- ficient manner. Without entering into too much detail I may say that Western grains and milling by-products are too often brought down from the Lake-head by rail instead of by boat, and even when the material is brought down by boat. the farmer often pays for it on the basis of the all-rail haul, and this difference may often amount to $4.00 per ton. During the season 1930-31 the Coarse Grain Pool of Western Canada entered the field and by rational planning the shipment of bulk cargoes, the storage of these in Eastern terminal elevators, and thc ultimate distribution after grinding mixing etc., with as short a rail haul as possible, was able to effect savings of o. very substantial amount indeed. This had the nat- ural result of affecting the process of e11 grains and by-products whe- ther these took pert in the east to west movement or not.

The farmer profited. This year for reasons well enough known, the Coarse Grain Pool has not en- gaged in this trade, and the result is that we have slipped back ex- actly where we were before. No ef- fort was made to establish stores 0f western feed grain in sufficient quantity at Prescott, Montreal, Sore! and the Maritime Ports, and in consequence the buyer again finds himself helpless in the face of conditions.

Are we so simple or so indiffer- ent that we will not help ourselves to this advantage? It has often been said that a. Danish farmer can buy Saskatchewan barley cheaper than can farmers in Eust- ern Canada. This has resulted in agitation for the equalization of domestic and export freight rates and other unnecessary and im- possible rcmcdics. If we want to buy grain from, our West as cheap- ly as the Danes do, we must buy it the wny the Danes do, which is by bulk cargo at the lake-head and taking it as far as possible by water. By this means farmers can obtain feed grain (and in conse- quence the by-product feeds also) at prices which will enable them- to compete, at present price levels- All this has been advocated by the Couticil for several years.

Export to England

2: The second matter of which I wish to speak is thc export of our buttento England. The National Dairy Council is in favor of a Na- tional Brand for our export butter- The regulations coverinz “l” would be so framed that butter stamped with the National Brand would be much less variable than our export butter is at present- That is the National Brand butter would be highly uniform with respect to color, salt, texture and flavour, and only in this way W"

we hope to gain a permanent place in the British market for with

our surplus, in competition New Zealand. Australia and Den- mark, all of whom make n. vcry uniform product indeed. It was not our thought to ilmlllbll‘ ‘he

export of butter not so bffllldcll-

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Esnnusnan Ovnn 50 Yams

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but in such case the buyer would be taking his own chance and we would, not be behind it in any na- tional sensc.

The experience of the past sum- nier and full fairly well demon- strated the need of some organlz- ed control of export to achieve the following ends:

1: To sec that butter of stumble quality goes forward.

2: To keep the industry ndclsnd as t? actual export price levels in order that butterfat prices may be regulated accordingly duflng the export season.

8: To advise volume to be offered in order that stores may be wen cleared at end of export season,

During the past season consid- erable butterfat was bought or; m, hish a price, especially in western Canada. In onsequence the butter could not be freely sold and the Yeslllllll! loss, disorganization and excess stocks held at present all reflect themselves back to the far- mer who is the ultimate loser, Great efforts were made in Octo- ber and November of lust year to ship some more butter out of the country in order to ensure a heal- thy and active market for the win- ter. The effort was not successful because of the mutual suspicion o1 those interested, and because the butter was owned at too high a fi- gure. This effort would not have been neccss y if the butter export had been properly regulated from the beginning of the season.

Tariff Satisfactory

The usual crop of suggestions for an export bonus, and export boun- ty, a freight subvention, a fixed price, and all the other visionary and impossible devices is making its appearance. We have a tariff of five cents against the only actual source of imported butter. when this tariff has raised the domestic price to five cents, over the price which we would obtain if export- ing. it has done all that s. tariff can do. If because of the disorga- nization of world trade and the monetary crisis, we still think that our prices are too low, then it is either inevitable and we can do nothing about, or the remedy lies in other directions, i. e., is a mat- ter of monetary policy, exchange, inflation or what not. In brief, if we try by fixed prices and other artifice: to make s. tariff do some- thing it was never intended for we shall burn our fingers.

From experience it seems clear that this country will not produce enough butter for its own needs in the wlntcrn months, nor will such butter as is produced be of export quality. The ideal to be aimed at therefore is to sell such an amount of butter each summer as will leave us with a clear and active winter market.

3: The third matter about which I wish to speak is the whole milk trade. Here again I shall speak with freedom, for we have been too prone in the past to avoid frank discussion of our difficulties. The whole milk trade is sick, and how to cure it is the question. It appears to me that the difficulty as oftens happens, is the result of faulty policy on both sides. The farmer shipping whole milk to the cities has failed to take account of the fact that the price of fluid milk cannot in the long run be more than a certain amount (say 75c for s. hundred weight for ex- ample) abovc that obtainable for milk used for the manufacture of butter or cheese. In many cities for much of the time in recent years the pricc paid to the farmer was too far nbovc the manufac- turing pricé, and in consequence many extra shippers were attract- ed into these premium markets. This naturally increased the sur- plus and the discontent. Nor have the fnrmers shipping whole milk made sufficient effort to lower their costs by rational purchase of iced as stated above, and in many other ways. Rather they have thought that they should be ex- empt from the universal and tre- mendous decline in prices which overtook all thc rest of the indus-

try.

Sins oi‘ Distributors

We comc now to theslns of the distributors. Herc 1 wish to point out that there are two lmds 0f competition.

1: Thc competition in selling price. This lowers costs because in soiling cheaper cach man nHIPOWB hisumnrgin of profltt. Mill ll“ w be as economical as hc can to stay in business at all.

2; competition in services with a. fixed price. This is thc 50ft 0! competition that rules in the milk

' For example. l" fl- 81W"

Cuticura, Soap

Cutie?" lniisept e and bee] whi dei I'll-mm».

Protects’ Your Skin!

not only cleanses the akin, but it is uwoll. It medicine ¢ In moot benofioini to the skin-lie

lllllfill. Try it today, and note its invigorstiou l

I propagate:

city all tho companies may Bell milk for 11c n qlmll- "ml l" °"l°" to get business from one another, they must (n) sell n better product, (b) give a prompt" “ml bell" 19ml“, and more special deliveries. (c) have o. more elaborate Bml fmwy nrnni, for thc housewife to

3C. , lrhu hind of comllellllm‘ 3'1" an“ x ‘ i’ . \_

THE CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

To The Electors Of The City 0f Charlottetown

Unable to turn a deaf ear to the very many individual citizens from all parts of the city who have spok- en to me, and to s. largely signed requisition of others of my fellow citizens, meeting that I should otIer as a candidate for the Mayor- alty, I have decided to mply with their wishes.

The financial condition of the city causes much anxiety. If its credit is to be saved from. destructive. im- Pllflnclit, the city's financial budget must be made to balance. I am in 1101191. however, that by the adop- tlon of methods of economy and the elimination of all waste, it will be unnecessary to impose any addition to the existing rote of taxation.

All sham: and pretences must be put an end to. All valid civic by- laws and all laws for the protection of life and property should be rig- idly enforced. All classes must be treated fairly but favoritism should be abolished. If there be favors to spare, these should be given to the most neatly mud not, as in the rec- cnt past, to the least needy. l shall

r: my best endeavors to accom- , ‘Ish all these ends.

I respectfully ask the citizens for their support and confidence. A house to house canvass is impossible as well as undesirable. The intellig- ence of our citizens is quite high enough to enable them to decide whom in vote for without under- going the indignity of being coaxed, urged or badgered. In any use, come out and vote. If according to your best judgment you can't. vote for me, vote against me. I would rather be defeated by voters willing to fulflli the highest duty of citizen- ship than by the stay away conduct of laggards wlfo have not yet learn- ed to place s. real value on the high privilege of the franchise.

I have the honor to he, etc.,

W. S. STEWART.

384-l-30-Stt-5l.

The present system wiicrby each milk company tries to cover a whole city so that anywhere from 3 to 15 milk waggons will deliver on one street grew up in easier days than the present, and I ques- tion whether it can stand the acid test of modern conditions. To change this will involve one of three things, all of them difficult.

(a) Pooling of all milk for dell- very by the companies interested.

(b) Municipal delivery.

(c) Zoning a. city and allotting the various zones exclusively to one company.

The companies receive and weigh and test the milk at their own plants in the cities and make their own deduction for surplus at the end of the month. This is n‘ conducive to confidence. on the part of the seller.

The reslt of all this is that the milk companies have to charge more to bottle, pasteurie and deli- ver the milk than the farmer re- ccives for making it and shipping it to the city. The farmer imagines that it is excessive profits on the part of the distributor that prevent him from getting his fair share of the consumer's dollar, whereas it is excessive costs of ditribution that are chiefly responsible.

Admittedly the problem is diffi- cult. It is my conviction that in the interests of the three parties in- valved-producers, distributors and consumers, a. solution must be found, and that it would be in the interests of all concerned that this should be worked out in an orderly manner. The following arc some obvious points of attack:

1: Thc producer must national- ize his own business and reduce his own costs.

2: The city health inspection of farms must be more uniform than at present, for there are many poorly equipped low-cost farms shipping in competition with bet- ter» ones, and in some cases mill from farms not inspected at all is entering the citlcs.

3: Thc distributors should sub- mit to independent audit of tests and surplus deductions.

i: City board of health inspect- ion of distributors plants should be more uniform and freed from political influence. As in the case

farms, many plants not up to standard are doing business. 5: Careful consideration ' id

be given to the various proposals for reducing the delivery costs.

6: The consumer must expect to pay for special delivery costsi

In conclusion may I say thlt I have spoken of thcsc various things again in the hope that our industry may be induced to grap- ple with the problems t0 80$ ll! own house in order, and you may sec for yourselves that thc reward is great, for so doing. The sub- stance of most of tho susstilllmll I have treated of today was con- tained lh the National Dairy Po- llfiy for Canada, submit‘ ‘ by the Council to the Government ovcr a

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1981' B30.

IIIMIIII. mimosa-annulus, unoc- "Wmnl-eil

OENTRAL GUARDIAN

MILTON-St. John's Church, Sunday, Jan. 31st. Morning Prayer and sermon, 10.30 a.m.: evening service, 7.30 p.m.

UNITED CHURCH SERVICES- Services will be held in the United Church at Tryon and Crapaud on ;

respectively.

i J SUNDAY SERVICES, NEW Glas- l gow Church of Christ: Morningl Worship, l1 a. m, Evening, 7.30 p. m.; also service in the Frederic- ton Church, 3 p. m. Wm. G. Quig- ley, Pastor.

ANGLICAN SERVICES, Crapaud, Saint John's Church, January 31st: Morning Prayer, 11; Springfield, St. Elizabeth's Church, January 31st, Evensong, 7.

WINSLOE CHARGE-The United Church of Canada. Services, Jan. 31st: Highfield, 11; Princetown Road, 3; Winsloe South, 7. Rev. L. J. LCHTd, Minister.

ENJOYABLE AUCTION FORTY- FIVES—A large crowd of friendly contestants filled the Children of Mary Hall on Thursday night for the Auction Forty-five game, held by the ladies of St. Vincent Dc Paul Sewing Circle. The prizes, which were donated by kind friends, were awarded as follows: Ladies first, Miss Georgie Gallant; Gentleman's first, Mr. Patrick Trainer; Ladies’ second, Miss May McDonald; Gen- tlemen‘s Second, Mr. Lawrence 'I‘rainor; Ladies’ Consolation, Mrs. Jos. Hughes; Gentlemcns Consola- tion, Mr. John Garnhum. The lucky table, No. 19, was occupied by Mrs. F. Kelly, Miss Belle McDonald, Miss L. Arsenault and Miss Mary Mac- donell. Prize drawn by Miss Muc- donell.

PERSONALS lvilss May Blacklock, Shemogue, N. B., has returned home, after at- tending the funeral of the late Mrs. Peter Barwise, Bedequc.

Miss Mary Power, of Kenslngton, and Miss May Walker, of Kelvin, are visiting friends at St. Peters.

Mr. D. A. lvlacNeill, Superintend- ent of Canadian National Tele- graphs and Mr. Whitney, of the Commercial Department, Moncton, were in the city yesterday on busi- ness.

IN MEMORIAM

MRS. PETER BARWISE

The death tok place nt her home, Ross, Corner on Sunday, Jan. 17, 1932 of Jane Schurman, beloved wife of Mr. Peter Barwlsc, at the age of 61 years. Suddenly stricken with par- alysis about two weeks bcfore, from which she never recovered. The deceased was the eldest daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. Peter Schurman, formerly of Lowcr Free- town. Mrs. Barwlse was a. member of the Church of Scotland, a woman of noble character, a kind mother and a faithful wife, and whose pres- ence will be sadly missed in thc home.

Besides a. vvldc circle of relatives and friends, there are loft to cher- ish her memory, three sons, Regin- ald, at Ross’ Corner; Jesse, of Ncl- son, N.C.; Walter, at homo; two daughters, Enid and Amy at home. Friends from far and near attended the funcrni, which took place on \v0(lllCS(lil_\', Jillluilfy 20th. Rev. Ewen McDougnll, oi‘ Charlottetown. conducted thc service, assisted by Rev. J. W. A. Nicholson, of North Bedcquc. The hymns sung were: “The Iiotd is My Sllvphcrd," “When the roll is called up yonder," and "It is well with my soul." "Inc re- mains were accompunlcd by Rev. Fifr. lfcllcugail to Cap: Traverse, who also officiated at the grave. Mr. Roy Phillips, Mortivian, Iicuslng- ton, was in chnrgc. The pail bour- crs wore: James McDonald, North Bedequc; Artcmas hIcCnuu, North Bcdeque; Harold Lcfurgcy, Char- lottetown; Keir Aliun. Middleton; Daniel Beaulard, Prcctowu; F. J. In- man, Central Bcdcquc.