on the basis of share-cropping. For r provononr lt will bonocossary to docldrby in-

lie-fab roux I THE GUARDIAN

_ Morning Dally (Founded in 1851"». Authorized on Second Clan Mull, Pout Office Department. qttarva. I beoldent. [an A. Burnett; Vice-President. Wm. B- Burnctt; Sccy.-'I‘reas., G. M, Burnett; Editor and lluuuglng Director. .|. R. Burnett; Abloclote Edlwr. Frank Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

UHARLOTTETOWN. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 24, 1948 Will We Get West Indies?

Mr. .l. F. Pouliat, M.P., had a good idea to promulgate in urging thc Federal Government to give consideration to Canada acquiring the West indies from the Mother Country. These tropical and semi-tropical possessions are the natural complement of this northern clime, and have been in close association with us cornmerc- ially for generations. lt is not the first time that this proposal has been mooted; indeed, away back in the first years of this century, the Laur- ier Government appointed a Commission to visit the West indies and British Guiana to ascertain their reaction tosuch a proposal. Tho Commis- sion had a splendid reception wherever they went, but had to report back that the general feeling throughout the colonies was that it was better to let "well enough" alone, as they were more-or-less satisfied with their association with the Mother Country, both in regard to trade and financing.

lt must be borne in mind that the British West indies have not one but nine governments to conduct their affairs, viz., Bermuda, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Leeward Islands, Bahamas, Barbados, Windward islands, British Guiana and British Honduras, the two latter being not islands but parts of the mainland. Most of them are self-supporting, but one or two of them require to be financed occasionally, and all of them require strict supervision. ,Tliey are kllOWll geri- erally as the Caribbean Colonies, and since the war prospects for trade between here and them aye extremely good. The last census in i946 gives a total population of 2,897,992, most of which are what are termed coloured, that is, not white, and is increasing at a rapid rate, so much so that the problem which is engaging social economists is, what can be done to provide em- ployment and livelihood for what is described as

. "the white man's burden?"

Should Canada be persuaded to, and suc- ceed in acquiring the Caribbean that would merely be the beginning of her worries._ The West lnrlia Royal Commission ieported rec- ently: "The traditional export industries of the West indies cannot be expected to afford em- ployment for the rapidly growing population, and, indeed, in the absence of improvement in market prospects, it is probable that there would be a steady reduction in the numbers of those so engaged. it is essential, therefore, to seek means whereby the West lndian population of working age may otherwise be absorbed in useful activ- ity. Some small increase of industrial employ- ment may be afforded by the development of secondary industries; but these can at best only be of relatively unimportant proportions,. and would be dependent for their prosperity on that of the main industry of the whole area, namely agriculture."

A new economic policy for the West lndies must therefore be on agricultural policy, and de- velopment must be away from reliance on pro- duction for export. The main use to which the proceeds of exports are put is the purchase of foodstuffs, particularly flour, salt, fish, butter, etc. With a progressive decline in the amount of foreign purchasing-power per head of the population, it is not only possible, but necessary, to turn to a greater production of foodstuffs at home. There are many foreign commodities, im- possible to manufacture in the West Indies, to the purchase of which the proceeds of exports mov usefully be devoted.

But it will be many years before a new policy, directed towards the elimination of the import cf goods (notably food) which can be produced at home, can become effective, and in the mean- time the well-being of the present increasing population requires to be safeguarded. Steps are necessary to foster such local industries as will not take away by raising the cast of living for the people what they give by increasing em- ployment. An adequate and reasonably steady price is needed for the exports which will always remain, and arrangements must be perfected for the marketing of those export crops (such as citrus fruits) which are not at ,resent tho sub- icct of such thorough organization as the sugar industry.

The present system is not adapted to effect unassisted a turnover from export to food crops. Planter and peasant aliko concentrate on pro- duction for export when they can. Too little rotation is practised. There is, in general, no bal- anced forming system capable of maintaining soil fertility at a high level and of ensuring pro- ‘per interplay of crops and stock. Especially on peasant holding! the soil tends to be exhausted and rendered liable to irreparable damage by erosion. This is particularly true of tho care- less cultivation of bananas on stoop land. Really offlciant agriculture is almost entirely confined to mm cultivation of sugar, whoro careful and thorough methods hove enabled yields to! bo maintained and enhanced oven_ without rotation or resting of the land. Tho cultivation of food crop! ‘does not stand high in tho estimation of tho West Indian farmer, and yields are low. Con- ditions, of land tanuro militate against good hus- bandry by peasants. Rents aro high in rolotion to yields, tonuro is uncertain, and is sometimes an im-

tlon now and balanced system form-

"at - ldoly

_-_

facilities, security of tenure and equitable rents) for the smaller holders and peasants." lt will thus be seen the agricultural con-

not much better than conditions prevailing here, but with the introduction of necessary capital they could be vastly improved though it is doubt- ful whether the Federal Government would core meantime to have thut problem added to their many others.

— EDI lq-URIAL NOTES ._

Congratulations are being extended to Hon. Dr. J. P. MacMillan who celebrates his sixty- seventh birthday today.

‘ * k 1.‘

Disillusionment with Russia continues to spread. lt is a litlle difficult, however, for Can- adians to accept the new Tim Buck, patriot.

. it 1r .1 i

The speech on the Budget by Mr. D. L. Mathieson, LL.B., reads like those delivered by his late distinguished father, Hon. J. A. Math- ieson-statesmonlike.

I i I I

Now that Regional High Schools are to be an accepted part of our educational system the problem of keeping highways open and busses running all the year round assumes greater im- portance than ever.

i i II

Canada is in the forefront in civil aviation and the plea of Mr. Gordon Graydon that Mem- bers of Parliament should receive 'plane fare in- stead of rail transportation when speed is nec- essory should receive the backing of all.

i k it "k

Prospective home-builders and those who have already begun to build will be cheered by reports that building materials, including plumb- ing materials, but with the temporary exception of nails, are now in good supply. The price pic- turc is not quite so pleasing. i k i: W Russian diplomats must be sorely worried. If they oppose the transfer of Trieste to Italy their chances of success in next month's elec- tions will be greatly reduced. lf they acquiesce in the transfer, than Communist governed Yugo- slavia is opt to get out of hand. i i * * Queen Elizabeth, the virgin Queen, in whose reign Britain's world-wide Empire began to flour- ish and expand, died this date i603. Hers was not only a reign of discovery and development of new lands and territories, but of England's greatest literary and dramatic achievement— the age of Shakespeare. k l’ I i

In Ottawa, the Mackenzie King Government is greatly upset by the solid voting of the com- bined oppasition on vital questions affecting the new import duties. The trouble is that the Gov- ernment is being subjected to high pressure from interested parties, and in endeavouring to grant them concessions, gets at logger-heads with oth- ers who have been left out in the cold.

They are all .oing it. Premier Duplessis has tabled a bill in the Quebec Legislative Assembly amending the Legislature Act as regards the Legislative Council. In virtue of the change the leader of the Government and the leader. of the Opposition in the council will each get an ad- ditional $2,000 indemnity because they hold these recognized positions. This is in addition to the $3,000 indemnity as member and $1,000 for ex- penses. The total is consequently $8,000.

W I i‘ ‘k

The Rt. Hon. Hugh Dalton, ex-Chancellor of the Exchequer, is not quarrelling with his party because his Premier, Mr. Attlee, asked him to withdraw owing to his' indiscretion in divulging the contents of the Budget before it was sub- mitted to the House. He told the House, when" the question of the independent representatives of Universities was being considered: "l am no great admirer of independents in politics; they ore chaps who cannot play ball with the team."

Canada is returning to the Royal Navy the aircraftI-carrier Warrior (14,000 tons), which was lent in lFebruary,»l946, for the purpose of start- ing an air service for the Canadian Navy. ln place of the Warrior, Canada is taking over the l4,000-ton aircraft-carrier Magnificent at Belfast. The Warrior is due at Portsmouth this month, and’ her crew will go to Belfast to commission the Magnificent. ,- * ‘A’ Ir ‘k

Th; thumping Tory gain of l3,000 votes ill the recent Croydon by-election came mostly .at the expense of the rapidly evaporating Liberal Party. The Liberal candidate, Mr. Bennett, polled so few votes-less than one-eighth of tire total—that he forfeit-ed the $600 election deposit intended to discourage "absurd and futile" can- didocies. So a $200 deposit here would not op- pear to be so much out of the way.

O I i i

How to keep able and ambitious young Can- adians in Canada has long been a problem foc- ing this, country. The lure of wider fields and richer returns in the United States is difficult to offset. One possible solution would be to offer the prospect of titles of honourgpgllffin- onciol-rcwards to distingullhod artiste, qciointists and educators and to-those who have devoted

their lives to the public service.

tyne:

Mr. Aneurin Bevan, British Minister of Health, indicates that cultural groups are by no moons hard up in tho Old Country. It sums that a group of miners in Wales wore operating o co-oporatlvo cinema and found that they wore making too largo o profit. They wroto t9 tho Government for advico and were advised pro- duco concerts or plays ovory fourth woolr. Thoy started off with tho Groek tragedy, "Medea" but tho department soon roceivod on angry lottor complaining that they were making more profit

over.

dition of the West indies and West Indians is’

‘THE I GUARDIAN.

A hllik town la a plooe where 2'“ "ill-sf hell) a. victim ofmlsfor- blclllrle quickly, or five otherrnelgh-

s will beat. you to ll. -- (Jai- Bify Albertan.

"Whistling for n wind" u bellav- ed to have originated among the Ylklnxs. who hoped that. 1r they ‘thief-led. Thor. the god of winds might. ivhlstle to reply. thereby fill. lng their sails with winds.

A new muslool instrument,‘ the bheremln, “howls like a banshee’ "mess Plfl-Ved by expert hands. I. Ylzlllld 566m. therefore, to have 3, 0 n common fvlth every other musical instrument. - Wlndsgf Star.

4 when has been of the blame for the ‘gurses on the medical pmfegsjmL

ememberlng how many doctors gel married to nurses, pethapg‘ there is somebhlng to this argg- mfllll- — Brockvllle Recorder and Times.

The Institute of Forest. Genetics at Placervllle. California. has crass- od the jack pine at the Great. Lakes region with the Western lcldgepglg Plm- This vlzvrous llybrld grows mm rapidly. acquires height and volume at. a greater rate, than fil-lizicr of its parents. It. therefore ‘O 5 i???“ Dromise of restoring lllmlJPIlHE lo vast areas in Minna sate. Wisconsin, llllchlgan and 0th. er areas around the Great Lag“ “wllllllPfik Tflblllle.

With the rise o? Vancouver '15 an outlet. for western wheat, the mlilor portion of the prairies is less interested ln improving tho Great Lakes route. Eastern Can- ada is more con-corned with Lire hydro-electric power aspects of the scheme than Willi anything else, and prospects now are that 01-1. lurlo and New York state will gel. lflflether. -- Edmonton Journal.

Nillll-llll could be more fallaclous than to asume that. a company wihlch has managed/ta stock up on materials at relatively lon- PY-lces and hos shown correspond. l!‘l81y' satisfactory profits from production is now in a posltlon w pass this profit an to workers and consumers liolus bolus. It ls these very profits considered excesslvg lll’ so many, which will have w help finance the much higher re. placement. cost of slmllor materials, to permit stable operations and reasonably stable marketing poli- cies ln the inevitable months 9; adjustment ahead. - Montreal El- nenclal '1‘.lmes,

The USA and USSR are both strong enough to dissipate econom- lc resources an pilans for the military containment. of an aggres- sor. For Britain in 1948 such piano are literally nonsense._ We are nor l" a Position to sustain even a secondary war. By playing war Blames in the map room of thi- Oomblned Chiefs of Staffs or, Washington we shall not. bluff the Russlensdiut we may possibly ale celve the Americans, who believe anything which excuses them from extending their overseas commit»- ments." _-New statesman and Na. lion. London.

The tendency toward higher tn- terest rates in Canada evidenced ln recent. weeks ls in keeping with the views frequently expressed by Graham Tlowers‘, governor of til; Bankof Canada, who claims tho‘- ohey ‘are essential to any prograu. of checking inflation. He has stat- ed "publicly that there is too much fapltal investment going on. The quickest. way of shopping that would be to raise interest rules, encouraging pea-pie to save and dis- couraging investment. Lord Keynes. noted British financier used to suggest; that. lowering interest rate. was the way to obtain more m- vestment during a depression. l‘ seems quite likely that. Lord Keynes. ll he were alive bode-y, would be iu favour of raising fru- erest. rates in order to discourage investment. - Sherbrooke Roo- ord. ~

The boiled dinner la one of the noblest inventions of mun. A goat; chunk of succulent. corned beef, a slice of salt pork. a foot. or t.wa' of real franlcturter (not. the modern bloated welnelr) beside it. and a generous garnish of’ cabbage, Lill- nlp, parsnip, onion, potato and (according to taste) a bit of cei- ery, each introduced or. lust. the right moment to reach gaslroaolnl- cal perfection when dished up m the savory gravy, all spongled with tiny globules of fat —t.llut.'s a ball- ed dinner. And it. appears, it ls also necessary to mention it; must. be served piping hot. But what dc we get. now disguised under this noble name? A slab of lukewarm corned beef. A two-inch section oi carrot, evidently a veteran of both World Wars. A Ire of wllledpnon- committal brow lammalions, which subsequent investigation proves to have been once. part. o. an onion. - Windsor Mar.

There mart. be no repetition of lhemtoo little and too late" of the Beoo-n World War. With this even‘ patriotic American will lgree. Un- fortunately, international event; have reached a palm, and are uro- gresslng with such a fateful speed, that. they can no longer be shrugged off us o "case of the Jlbters." Flffy bhousond ,.‘ es are not. much good -ns long as they are merely "on order" or "on paper.“ Rump won't bluff easily. ‘mot pulp a grove ro- sponclbfilty up to the Mminlotto- tlon and Confirms; homey, the determination of-jbot bow for _ wo mast. go new to rotting-our nation- o1 defunct lb order. We have oo- rnonotrotcd botaro what. American Industry can do when culled upon for no oil-out effort - end nobody known that boom thou Rundow-

CHARLOTTETOWN OKO O-O-O-O-O 0-0 O-O

PUBLIC FORUM

Ibll column. to open no tho diloololun by earm- - opondontl al questions a! Interact. The ouulalwtovm Guordlon doeo not noooooor- lly endoroo tho opinion of correspondents

4+o+o¢+o++¢+o++¢ u“ RURAL MAIL PROBLEMS

Slr,-—I know the box holders in bhls Province have received ‘u oopy of "Rural Mallmanb Duties" but they certainly can not I13Vr read it. I-am not a mall courts. but. travel occasionally with one and see the conditions. Half the boxes aLre not shovelled out. 11a has to get out of his sleigh, take off hLs mittens and dig out some- times twelve coppers as \veil as Ln: letters. Ho\v would any of the box holder's like that on u stormy day? But as someone remarked, “What's the difference? That's what he ts paid for." ‘He ls also expected tr take from the stare anything from u yeast cake to a dozen-loaves ol bread. After a storm (we had plenty this year), along comes rill! Government snow plow and plow: the road. The least lhaw and they are bore. He can't. get on the old. \ of the road on account of the banks the plow put there, and only the main roads are plowed, so he has to drag his sled over bare roads half the way.

1n the summer when be has a car he is expected to bake ever)’ Tom, Dick and Harry that. wants to g0 visiting or to town, and ii. most. cases gels a polite. "Thank you." 1 think lf some of one whine collared gentlemen at. the head of. the Government. would take our trlp around the mall route wher it ls Lvrelva or fifteen below zero they would not waul. to make ar. other, and would say. "inc mall- men are not. paid enough."

Today with the high cost of llv lng, hay Q8. to $30. a. ton, oat: $3.13 a bag and everything ac- cording, they are told. “You pCQPlc can surely soon retire." Did a mail courier ever retire because he had plenty to llve on? The only way they retire Ls when someone ten- ders lower and takes their Job. oz iv-hen the Lord calls them home. Now 1 would advise all the ban holders to get. o. copy of the Rural Malbncirrs Dulles and read lt.

I am, Sir. etc, "ONE WHO KNOWS." P.E.1.

BIG ll SCHOOL ECONOMICS

Sun-In a recent address Miss Estelle I-Ialnes. Provincial nu- tritionist asked u: to think about the girls and women ln our own neighbourhood. Mos-t. of them are either keeping house or planning

and hoping for their own homes -

and families. What. preparations have they for that lob- of Home- ,

LIFE INSURANCl-Iir

MAIICI-I .24. 1943 , ‘"- *4 ~—4

COMPANY nnsnnvns .

haps one of the least understood.

' One of thefundamental functions of life insurance is per-

Llfe insurance companies collect funds from their policy-

. holders and invest such funds in sound sec

urlties yielding

remuneratlve rateaof interest. In turn, the life insurance _ companies distribute these funds to beneficiaries of de-

ceased policyholders andto living policyholders, However, the idea that. life insurance companies have too much money and are making excessive profits ls based on

a complete misunderstanding of the func ponies perform. '

The only reason that. life insurance companies have so

much money is because they have promised

when their policies mature, so much more money. At the end of 1947, the life lseuranee companies ln Canada

had assets valued at. close to $4,000,000,000.

too, they had outstanding promises to pay aggregating

close to $12,000,000,000. '

Company and government actual-lea agreed that the $4,- 000,000,000 they then had, plus future premiums on exist.-

lng policies, plus interest on the accumulati

ficlent. to provide the 312.000.000.000 that. eventually will

be required to pay off their policies.

It is misleading, to think of insurance company “reserves”

ea surpluses in the commercial sense.

.The reserves,” which appear the financial state- ment of the insurance companies, are large because the pol-

icy obligations of these companies are muc

“Reserves” in ordinary commercial accounting usually mean surpluses over and above liabilities; in insurance ac- counting, as‘ required by law, “policy reserves" are liabil-

ities or the measure of the companies’ obi their outstanding policies.

llyndman & Co. Ltd,

Insurance Since 187 2

Offices: Charlottetown i- Summersldo

(Prob: “Current Topics" of Camilla: Life Incas-moo) This 11 one of I oerleo of advertisement: for tho

r uuurnutiois of the insuring public.

lions the com- to pay, as and

At. that. time,

on, will be suf-

h larger.

igatious urtder »

. Montague

braking? If they

about. cooking

at home.

1y headed what lob ls an

home llvlng,

mothers may have taught them and housekeeping Ask them lf they all learned enough to do u (ftrstcloss lob? Ask mam 1i they like their job? 1 think the most of us will agree that we like doing‘ ‘Lhlngs biting: fiilllnfhgdatfttzlmgrdrlilxdg? we“ espomed‘ an basically’ the we‘ A father and o well educated man said the other day, he did not. intend to waste an education on his daughter as she was plain- for matrimony. For

necessary than for home making? Home Ebonomlcs: training in nome- maklng means that our girls can learn that it's fun to cook. were ls pleasure 1n preparing mills that are inferential; end “CW8 of livelihood; the right; to o living lo the family, there ls satisfac- tion in seeing well nourished chil- dren BYOWlIIB "until lmflles- l n meat in connection with civil ser- means that. our girls can learn to make their own clothes, to make things over for the children. They