u citizenship le which the

PAGIE FOUR . TIIE BIIAIILOTTETBWII Bllhlllllll

Homing our,‘ iroueea In tee-i) Authorized u Second Clue Mel-l. Poet Olioe Deplrtusout. Ottawa.

President, [an A. Burnett; Vice F dent, Wm. I. Burnett; Sean-Trees. G. M. Burnett; Editor one Managing Director, J. B. , Amoclese Editnl.

hauls Welter.

“The Strongest Memory ie Weaker Tlaii the Weakest Ink.‘

TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 1B, 1946

ltrlsls le Brltlsl Agriculture

British agriculture is facing o serious crisis, according to an authority in London Calling, the overseas journal of the British Broadcast- lng Corporation. The worst harvest for a cen- tury has been experienced. and while it is diffi- cult to assess the damage, most reliable esti- mates seem to agree that at least 2,000,000 acres were lost, or very severely damaged, with on overall loss of up to thirty per cent.

But this is not all. Britain's all-out effort to win the war has been greatly at the expense of the stability of her agriculture. Britain, be- cause of her climate, her size, population, and topography, is essentially a livestock country. Her agriculture must of necessity be intense, and, talking in general terms, intensive farm- ing can only be maintained on the foundations of pigs, poultry, sheep, and cattle. This in- tensive farming, in turn, is dependent on ode- quate labor. But the necessities of war have forced Britain away from her economy of live- stock, supported on cheap imported feeding stuffs. For six years, now, the farms have been growing corn crops, crops which exhaust the soil.

Year by year, the flocks and herds have been cut down. The pig and poultry industries so vital to the economy of the small farmer (and there are 270,000 of them in Britain) have been virtually put out of existence.‘ In brief, the industry has become unbalanced and so, as expected, the costs of production rise and are continuing to rise.

Greater mechanization has been suggest- ed as a solution to the problem of costs; but this, in the opinion of the BBC authority, when applied to British agriculture, "is nonsense, un- less the whole structure of the industry is turn- ed upside down." Mechanization can effect economies on farms of reasonable acreage, but, in the main, British agriculture is made up of small farms, and on these the output is just simply not sufficient to afford the capital over- head.

lncreases in prices have been made by the Government, but the costs of production swal- low them up. Bound to o policy of keeping down the price of food, the Government cannot pass the increases on to the consumer by raising the price, and so up go the subsidies to add yet an- other burden to the taxpayer. _

Recently, the farm worker receiyed an in- crease of ten shillings per week, bringing Ii_is wages up to four pounds. The Government, in turn, increased the price paid to the ldfmcl’ for his products, but not sufficiently to satisfy the industry. It is the small farmer who needs the help. Food production, which reached its peak ‘in I943, is goigg down on these small farms, and that means food production in Britain is going down.

These facts accentuate the Canada's food agreements with Kingdom, notably in connection poultry and eggs.

importance of the United with bacon,

Rural Homemakers

The vast change in the Canadian rural outlook during the last fifty years, says the Globe and Mail, is due as much to the existence of the Women's Institutes as to any other single factor. They are, in fact, aypeculiarly Canadian innovation, having been founded in I897 al Stoney Creek, Ontario, at the instance of Mrs. Adelaide Hoodless, wife of the chairman of tho Hamilton Board of Education at that time. The idea had such genuine merit that it has spread all over the world.

lt is in matters which are close to the home, that the Women's Institutes have exerted ths influence they enjoy in rural community life. Their primary concern has been the _creati' of better homes, and ~of a more satisfactory environment for those homes. To that end, they not only promote interest in the elements.of home economics, but have regard for the im- portant factor of family relationships. The problems of delinquency, for unstance, "f? "° less present in rural communities than in'the city, and the Women's Institutes hav_e 0"" thought and leadership in meeting _thi_s threat to youth. In fact in many rural districts, II"! Women's Institutes are the centre of all sorts of social activities, rind can be relied upon to suppot most of the projects their menfolk would like to make successful. _

There has been a growing interest In Wllfll might be termed cultural activities, such as handicrafts, the establishment and mainten- ance of local museums, and even, in some Cassi. the carrying on of historical research. These activities have the highest value in developing

‘the latent community spirit which time has not

yet called forth in the countryside. In older countries, like Great Britain, there is great pride In the handiwork of local craftsmen. and in the traditions which succeeding generations have built iip in the land and its people. This is too Ioften a missing factor in Canada, and_in calling spirit to life, the Institutes are doing a fine t n . ' . Ay-gylately they have been taking practical Win building the opinion negded reestablish m tll centres, better educational facilities, and the like. They have initiated discussion groups ‘entong themselves and iii their communities. ~ f have brought new‘ eos and new inter- ' rural people, niakinp life ilcher and inore Tbelrhfluence lies given a new

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- EDITORIAL NOTES .-

Vicomte Ferdinand de Lesseps, French diplo- mat and contractor, born this date I805; he conceived the project of making the Suez Canal and carried it to a successful conclusion‘ in attempting to fallow up with the Panqmrj Canal scheme he got into financial difficulties, was charged with fraud and condemned but sentence of imprisonment was never carried out.

N i i I

The late Dr. Houston was a kindly soul, be- loved by all who.knew him intimately. Apart from his |Il fession, he was most interested in temperance, and deterininedly opposed to the use of alcohol for social or medicinal purposes, frequently contributing to The Guardian articles on the subject. ‘

I

Premier Duplessis claims Quebec is on the threshold of the greatest industrial develop- ment any province ever dreamed of, and at the some time charged that the Dominion's pres- ent policy was encouraging the corruption of Confederation, and would cause disunity, setting some provinces against others. So far the latter would include Ontario, Quebec and Nova Sco- tia.

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w w e er

There are to be three candidates in the RicheIieu-Vercheres Federal contest, Gerard Cournoyer, K. C., Liberal, Etienne Duhamel, Progressive Conservative, and Roland Corbeil, Social Credit. As the by-election takes place on Monday, December 23, the candidates will have a month for campaigning.

D i‘ fi

‘It is impossible now, Dr. A. W. Oughlerson, medical and scientific director of the American Cancer Society, states, to estimate the number of persons afflicted with cancer, nor provide data on cures. The likelihood of a cure is re- mote, he states, alfhough, with adequate con- trols, cancer can be checked.

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Production of creamery butter in Canada during October dropped to 2l,807,000 pounds from the 23,926,000 pounds produced in’ Oct- ober, I945, down almost nine per cent, the Do- minion Bureau of Statistics reports. All prov- inces shared in the decrease, which brought cumulative output for the first IO months of this year to 245,994,000 pounds against 268,752,000 in the corresponding period of I945, a decline of 8.5 per cent. -

I

At the I0th annual conference of the Can- adian Association of Medical Students and In- ternes, at McGill University, delegates from nine universities across the Dominion gathered and discussed the problem of low pay for in- ternes on the basis of the belief of the execu- tive of the association thar "the future of medi- cal standards in Canada is a perilous one if the doctors of tomorrow must today curtail their necessary training for lack of funds." In I944 a survey, mode with the assistance of the Da- minion Bureau of Statistics showed that for the year I942-43 the average cost of medical edu- cation per year in Canada "was somewhat as follows: Saskatchewan, $628; Alberta, $698; Queen's, Western, Manitoba, Laval, $734-$797; Montreal, $855; Dalhoiisic, $974; MEGilI, $I,- 206. The some survey showed that "52 per cent of medical students in Canada come from fam- ilies with annual incomes of less than $2,400; yet the average Canadian family of 4.23 per- sons needs a minimum of $1,700 to live with minimum health and decency."

iii

Sir Walter Layton, chairman of the U. N. Rationing Committee of Newsprint Supply, says there are 2,200,000,000 democrats in the world, and if 60 pounds of newsprint per.head per year-which is the present rate of consumption in the U.S.A.--is necessary and needed to in- still and maintain the democratic way of life, there is only sufficient newsprint in the world for 200,000,000 democrats. "The other 2,000,- 000,000 of the world's population must pre- sumably all be totalitarians." Sir Walter, speaking at a charity dinner, said there could not be free access to knowledge or under- standing of international affairs by all people so long as the United States consumed two- thirds of the worldis supply sf newsprint.

The old truth that the sea holds incalcul- able riches in its depths has been proved again through the work of the Scottish Seaweed Re- search Association, founded two years ago. The Orkneys and the Hebrides were formerly looked ori as poor islqnds inhabited by fishermen, but the Association has produced evidence that there ailiiipl) s! 4i ‘uosoai siq-i so; ejqiisafigp A" -soa fiugaq so "an so 3l1|DA axgiiirnu ioaib sou i! you; ilM0i|S sol] pea/roe; wieui aioqso pause/i is incalculable wealth contained in the seaweed ably suited for use as fodder for sheep, pigs and poultry. It has further been established that a number of industrial products can be manufac- tured from seaweed such as light-weight syn- thetic wool, transparent paper, plastics, surgical bandages, medical capsules. According to re- ports already received, it is expected that the industries for the exploitation of seaweed will bring much wealth to Scotland and the outlying

, islands.

I O I i

Through the war years a man who hos cam'ps on a salmon river catering to the wealthy (says The Printed Word) had difficulty finding suitable guides to pilot visiting sports through wilderness and white water, but manpower is available again and he is now expanding his business. As part of his program he is train- ing a group of rough woodsmen in the art of being duly deferentiol and caurtzeiis to the cus- tomers. His students liave heoril from him re- peatedly about tlzs most polite guils on tho river—but perhaps you haven't. The mt i pol- ite guide was poling the canoe of a lady angler whose casting was o bit erratic. She caught no flsh but she did, eventually put the hook of her Jock Scot fly through the lobe of tho guide's cor. Extracting it was a painful process but he mode no complain . Instead, he put the apologetic wo- man at liar eaie by saying, quietly, "Don't ineli- tion lt, rno‘em. It's tlie first time I've been hook-

ed by a Jock Scot this year.”

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THE A

llotis By The lfey,

__.._

An Ohio mule stein wee but; Into four times and miietoel instru- ments stolen. Police ere looklq for an underworld bend. -—Klt.oh. r-nei- Record.

Three public lioouoe in Ilalmo, Manchester, have been granted muslc licenses for hymn-singing on Sunday nights. The singing wit] be led by- the Rev, Alan chamber-s, teelousl 31-year-old conzresntlonel minister. -—I..on.1ori Earpiece,

A men with e bed hangover h a poor judge cf temperance. Nations Just finished with costly wars are not ln the best position to assess. plans for universal jaeace. —Ham11- ton Spectator.

It wee not. a good omen that Emperor Hirohlto was the centre of attention 1n the ceremonies to promulgate the nev constitution of Japan. The imperial throne 1s a Symbol of everything that is abom- inable 1n Japanese culture. It ls a cymbal of rule b; ollgatahy. It is a symbol of s religion ueod tia sanct- llY akflfesslon. If ls a symbol of the oppression of a majority of the Japanese people for the benefit of n. tiny minority. The throne 1s an institution surrounded by an sure cf evil. —New York Herald Tri- bune.

Adrian Conan Dayle, son of the late Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, creat- or of Sherlock Holmes, replied to a recent Moscow newspaper article describing the fictional detective as a depict-ably capitalistic type, awarding to Newsweek. In a letter to The London Daily Mirror, Doyle suggested that tho Russians ‘enter- iuin their readers with a. bright article on the practices of their own Govenimen: who have over- looked the legal and absurdly moral necessity of paying o ruble ln roy- alties" on Sherlock Holmes stories published 1n the U.S SR.

According to G. A. Wheable, sup- erintendent of schools 1n London. the over-zealous parent. who seek- lng to advance his or he: child be- yond the normal rate of develop- ment, undertakes to teach reading, writing rind arithmetic at home. ls handicapping the child. And for this reason. that teaching method-e are changing constantly so that by the time Johnn- or Marybelle arrives at school n1 the parental love bestowed in the form of ama- teur pedagogy at home may be not only a. wasted effort but a banter lo learn1ng. —1.ondun Hoe Press.

Nature, of course, ts n quiet cree- iure, except. when she stirs up e thunderstorm or hurricane. The do- ings of the seas/ins are mostly s11- ent ones. 701cm ls no commotion ln spring when n lilac bush blossoms. And no one. not even an interest- cd lawn mawe": has ever heard grass grow, Butterflies and birds use their Wings with COhSlflETdDly less noise than planes, deer get through a for- est. with not much more sound than a fox tracking a. deer mouse and when snow falls 1t 1s not at all ln its descent. like winter dflféndIng coal going down a chuie. Man, 1f he is lucky enough to be able to build a house these days cannot do 1i without a coiuiln racket of hammer and sew. But his dome- like orange roofs of pumftklns have arisen as qulcily as u Japanese becile crawling (in :1 cucumber vlne. And the handéomc, vegetable QUOR- set huts will be ready ta open their fnterlors to any Halloween small boy. However. nature. particularly in a time wiheii she can be conaild- ered as resting on the fruits and leaves of her summer accomplish- ments, does have a. slisl" breflk l" tier accustomed nafselessriess. In September, before the silence of later frosts has fallen an fleld and bird, there is e brlet period of what. might. be called "rustling days." The rustle crimes with ripe- ness, with aha‘. serene and whole- some wlthermg which 59161155 0V" a landscape where the sun. 1'91‘ low as pasture galdeurod. l8 B: W811i! at midday asla summer 110i Yet entirely mlsla d. -~iN.Y. Herald- Trlburie. '

"Pepper 1e lilack. and hath a smack. and every man doth it buy" So sold an Englishmen. ‘Itiomlt Hill, writing about 1405. BY 1954 someone may be atle to say so again. Meanwhile, however peppm‘ is various colors, but definitely not black: its nsin- acrordliw connalsseuis- 1s awful: and you're lucky i1 you can buy 1t at all. 88175 The Moose Jaw Times-Herald. The pepper situation 1s scarcely 1h! most serious aftermath of the war, but 1t provldes an interesting ex- ample of the way 1n which WM‘ affects the world's economy. and the length of ilma 1t. tnkes things to get back to norinaL. Before the war, Ganodo. got most of her P8P- per from The Netherlands East Indies and the Malay Peninsula. The Japanese fixed that. They cut down great numbers of pepper trees to make way for other cs0?! and to provide spam for military installations. ‘They drllflod llboi‘ “my from plantations which soon were swallowed up by 1h! lllfllll- In 1039, world consumption of pep- per was 131000.000 WHINIB. Th9 1949 supply may amount to 46.000000 pounds much of 1t of poor quill!!-

from Chlna- amounted to 025,000 pounds. and 1t cost. 21 cents s pound. This year's woria price 1s some- thing like 4'.) cents. Because of these factors, i e Ptlliwr now belnl ieialled ln Cl-lidu. le about half ma] and half imitation. At one ro-‘nt ls was 75 percent. erseis. Ex- pet-ta estimate that 1t will take at ._._

l” population coupled with

Cfifllldfl’! pepper vomit-s -—meeilr"

PUBLIC FORUM ‘

hleooiumahopea ie tledleopdau by ousro epoaleqholeamleeed ilfipthedlariattatmvl Gmrihudoquasueoeirl llyealoreetleoplnloaeuj joornepaisaeata. l

a rumor:

81r,—A good Christian, e good doctor and a good cltlzen has been called and answered the last roll call. If; ties been my privilege to have known Dr. J. C. Houston far many years and to cell hlm friend —and e sincere friend he was to all, In tile passing the P. E- Island Medical Association has lost. one of its oldest and best members. As u very active member of the As- sociation and Medical Council and especially as chairman of the post-graduate committee he did

cine In this Province and the splendidly attended and most 1n- structlve monthly meetings at the last two years ls ample evidence of the fact.

He served the public faithfully as a general practitioner. us an eye. ear, nose and throat special- lsf. and for many years he presid- ed over and administered the X- Ray Department and the An- aesthetic Department of our Prince Edward Island Hospital. with out- standing sklll and complete siic- cess. The Hospital wlll sadly miss 1n Dr. Houston's death this friend- ly. sincere and wise counsellor, end gutde. I never saw Dr. Houston in bud temper. His genial courtesv, unfailing kindness, and consider- ation for patients marked him as a true Christian gentleman. His friends, legion In number will revere the memory of e good and great man gone to his eternal re- ward.

I am, Sir, on:

W. J. P. MlcMlLLAN.

Palestine-Jewish Immigration

(United Kingdom Information) LONDON — (By Cable) — Des- pite the steps to check the l1. tegsl traffic of Jews taken by the ruench and other European Gov. ernments 1n response to the re- quest mode by the United King. dam Government some mnrrn ago, the movement of ‘illegal Jewish Immigrants from Europe to the shores of Palestine continues, The truffle ls carried on by its organ. izers without regard for the safety or future of the would-be immigrants themselves, who, 1r they get so for. are intercepted by the Royal Navy 1n titre East.- ern Mediterranean and fran rt- ed to Cyprus for detention. Equal disregard Ls displayed for the 1n- terests of the Jews awaiting legel entry into Palestine.

Jewish immigration has long been the chief Issue In Palestine. ‘Itie legal posltlon may be sum- marized approximately as follows.

Firstly, Britain was formally given responsibility for the Gov- ernment of Palestine by the Les. gue of Nations Mandate 1n ms at the wish of the Zionists.

Secondly this responsibility 1n- cluded the supervision of Immi- gration. which proved from the outset to be fundamental.

‘Iitlrdly. l-he terms of the Men- dete (as of the Balfour Declare- iion of 1917) provlded for the es- tablishment of a national home in Palestine for the Jewish peo- ple withoul prejudice to the rights of other communities 1n that country. ‘rtils directive could never be interpreted to imply uri- Ilmlted Jewlsti lnunlgratlon.

The results of the generous 1m- rnigratlon policy carried out by the Palestine Government under the United Kingdom Government are shown by statistics. Jewish immigration for the years 1020 to 1031 amounted to 114.000. For 1982 -to 1938. 172,000. For 1007 to 1945. 82.000. The total for itie M years. W000.

The parelled increase of the Jewish as competed with the Arab population of Palestine dur- 111g the same perlod as s result of ‘the natural iii-crease of the Jewish immigration ls shown es fol-

, least five years for the world pep- DH‘ situation to get beck to nonn- al- 1f conditions throughout the vim-Id. and particularly In tihe Bast Indies, remain normal 1n the mean- time.

much to promote organized medl- .

NOVEMBER. EVENING

aftermath 0f lnouldertng nannies- spices field

end pooh. Mildly reluctant to give winter

warning

With russet haze at night end frost. , at morning. l

The mind and heart attuned to turning weather l

Grow 1 nlsceir-t and entwlne to- gether, _ i

Thoughtful. emotion and impulsive reason

Merging like outlines of the misty season.

Until at. last identity and name |

Faint in the swirl of being whence they came.

—Robert. Hlllyer. l

v

'0|d ‘Ciiarloneirifi (And IREJ.)

PR6!‘ LBGlfl-m

It was 1n 1773 that the first con- siderable clearings were made on the north bank of the Hlllsboro River when: Charlottetown now stands. The population was cott- inalied at 50 souls in 1768. but was lnceaeed 1n 1710 by the mlvel of; Governor Patterson. Chief Justice Duport. some other officials and‘ their families. Wlth the first; meet.- lng of the Legislature ln June. 1778. the town became, 1:1 the language of Tom Moore: ‘

"An embryo capital where fancy

sees ‘ ' Squares 1n morissses, obellske in 995. Which second-sighted seers even