PAGE FOUR

Next-falsely:-

THE GUARDIAN

lilorling Dally (Founded ll I881) Authorised no ales-and Clan Mail. Pun ORAN Department, Ottawa. The lelnrisl Guardian Putsllnluna Co. Editor and Managing Director, J. It. Burnett- Annuinta Editor, Frank Walker.

TTThQ Strongest Memory is Weaker Than = the Weakest lnk."

—’_" é < CHARLOTTETOWN, wrnm-zsmsv, NOV. es. 194a ' __.

Conservative Policies

While interest in today's Queen's County Conservative convention naturally centres about the nomination of candidates, it will also doubt- less afford opportunity of discussing the party

platform adopted at the National Convention at Ottawa last September. Of particular inter- est is the pledge given with regard to a "better deal for the Maritime Provinces." This pledge involves assistance in making available electric power sufficient to create for the Maritimes the same industrial opportunities as are available in other parts of Canada, also of making it pos- sible for Maritime products to be sold in fair competition with the products of other Provinces and the United States. These are objectives which should be kept constantly in view by our _|}flfl')' spokesmen. -

Another important pledge deals with im- mediate completion of the trans-Canada high- way, and with the right of this Province to have the Borden carferry service regarded as an in- tegral part of this highway, and to have rate schedules adjusted accordingly.

important also is the party's policy with regard to Domin-ion-Provincial relations, and the rights of'the Provinces, not only to have recognized and assured tax sources which they may freely apply to the discharge of their re- sponsibilities, but also to federal grants on the basis of fiscal need for such provincial matters as education, health, and welfare.

On taxation, the party stands for an in- crease in exemptions to people of small incomes as well as tax relief to small businesses "so that they may grow and thereby keep competition active, keep our free system revitalized, and maintain employment."

Our farmers are particularly interested in the pledge given to establish a definite formula in the Farm Prices Support Act for arriving at floor prices, the formula to be arrived at in con- sultation with representative producers and the floor prices to be announced well in advance of the production period. It is also proposed to es- tablish a Board of Livestock Commissioners on a basis similar to the Board of Grain Com-

missioners, to encourage co-operative agencies, extend the activities of the Federal Farm Loan Board and also the facilities for agricultural research.

llhlna In llire Straits

ln yesterday's issue appeared a series of four maps of China,‘ showing the tremendous amount of territory which the Communists have taken since the end of World War Two. The latest word is that the Red armies had captured Pooting, capital of Hopeh Province, this being the 13th. of China's 35 provincial capitals to fall into Communist hands. The situation now is one of extreme peril for the Nan- king Government of Chiang Kai-shek. Man- churia is under Communist control, and Mak- den has fallen, with the Communists claiming to have broken up twelve Government divisions west of that city. Their victories enable them to release half a million men for service else- where and to support their Armies with the in- lustrial power of Manchuria.

in North China the key Tangshan, within China's Great Wall, which produced more than half the coal used by Nationalist China. Loss of Tangshan, which the Communists already claim to have captur- ed, will strip North China and the Yangtse Val- ley of its major source of fuel, and open the way to attacks in South China, the sole remain- ing bulwark of the Chiang Government.

The Communists now control over one- third of China, the population dominated by them being in excess of 200 million. There are about 275 million people in Nationalist China but the centres of industrial power are falling un- der Communist sway.

The fate of China is of momentous import- ance ta western as well as eastern civilization, for there is no question but that Soviet Russia would be greatlystrengthened by a Commun- lst victory in the civil war now in progress. lt ls difficult to grasp the details of the campaign, which is spread over vast areas with the major battle at present being fought on a l50 mile front in the general area of Suchaw, with one million men taking part. Suchow is a railway centre of great strategic value on the northern approaches to Nanking, China's capital. Chin- cse Communists are said to have three million party members, with the ability to put l,500,000 trained men in the field. Their party slogan is "Warmth, Food and Peace" and their leaders are openly in league with Russia and declared enemies of the United States and of all the Western countries. _

Chiang Kai-shek continues to be the cen- tre of the Government's will to resist. In his latest statement he has appealed to Washing- ton for help, arguing that it is inconsistent for the United States actively to oppose Commun- ism in Europe and to show much less interest in the danger of Communism in China.

Dr. Wellington K , Chinese ambassador in Washington, says Chin needs $600 million im- rnediately for military supplies and $400 million in economic aid. This would be in addition to the previous U.5. vote of, $400 million for ‘the Chiang Government of which China has al- ready spent $112 million, mdinly on cotton, rice, wheat and oil. There has been only a drib- ble of military supplies under this last vole. Since the defeat of Japan, the U. S. has given Ohlnd about $2 billion in direct aid.

f When General Marshall came ba_ck from ;_'C.lilna two years ogo,hs thought the Chiang

point is

~ sand pounds

regime was too far away from the people ever to rally the nation for an all-out effort. Since then the United States has held back from

i full application in China of its policy of holding

the line against Communism everywhere. There seems to be no further time for political manoeu- vring, however. Military help, and lots of it, seems to be the only answer. lt will need to come quickly; and in the meantime, if he is to hold on at all, Chiang will need to have some definite assurance for his countrymen that it is coming.

iii.‘-

New Automobile Association

As announced elsewhere in today's issue, a Prince Edward Island Automobile Association has been organized under the presidency of Mr. Earle C. Baker, with Mr. J. O. Hyndman as hon- orary president, Brigadier W. W. Reid as vice president and Mr. F. C. Casey as secretary. The organization will function in the interests of the motoring public, which is increasing from year to year in this Province and now numbers between 8,000 and 9,000 registered ca-r owners. An offer to affiliate with the New Brunswick Automobile Association has been accepted, and both organizations will receive the full menefits of affiliation in the Canadian Automobile Assoc- iation and the American Automobile Association. The New Brunswick Association, formed less than a year ago, now has 6,000 members and this rapid expansion is indicative of the need felt generally for the services which the organ- ization affords. Membership includes owners of light trucks as well as passenger cars, each of whom is entitled to the benefits of emergency road service, legal advice and defense, automo- bile personal accident insurance, and personal counsel with regard to road travel and regula- tions.

The community also benefits, inasmuch as the organization is devoted to the promotion of good roads and tourist travel. Working in con- junction here with the Travel Bureau and Pro- vincial Department of Public Works, it should prove helpful in making further progress ip these important activities.

EDITORIAL NOTES ~

‘i.

T. B. Christmas seals now the order of the day.

I

C.C.F. Annual Convention at Kensington today.

i i

v: I a in

United Emergency Fund for Britain cam- paign now under way.

Sbville, M. L. A. is ff the Senator-

Could it be tliatfMif. the "forgotten man" to carry o ship?

w a n

‘ The nomination meeting for the selection of two candidates for next election will be held by the Progressive Conservative Association of Queen's in the Empire Theatre this evening.

i i i ‘I

The King's indisposition is regretted by all,

and by none morelthan Islanders who recall

his gracious visit with the Queen on the mem-

orable tour of Canada and the United States. fi ‘I U I

Present efforts to create a Caribbean Dom- inion are bound to run into difficulties due to the unbalanced economy of the area. Link- ing up with this country would go far towards solving their difficulties.

i "l1

Pope Pius has declared his intention of passing April 2, l949-the 50th. anniversary of his. ordination-ms a day of prayer and devout meditation. The Pope has taken this decision owing to his grave preoccupation over the spiritual and material problems afflicting-so many of the faithful throughout the world.

i i I I

The budget candle in the window is becom- ing obscured so for as tax reduction prospects are concerned. One thing about Federal taxes, once they are exacted it's the devil's own job to have them removed—officials always find so many ways to dispose of the accumulating re- serve, in prefernce to letting the tax-payer re- tain it. . _

Eire has taken steps to sever itself from the British Commonwealth but, being Eire; a Government spokesman brings forward a plan which would establish a British-type common- wealth on a scale beyond anything that has been in the past. Eire's secretary of agricul- ture suggests nothing less than union of the United States and the Commonwealth, economic

and political.

President Truman has emphasized that Am- erican foreign policy would remain non-parti- son by appointing Mr. John Foster Dulles, Gov. Dewey's principal adviser on foreign affairs, _as acting chairman of the United States delega- tion to the United Nations General Assembly meeting in Paris. Mr. Dulles will serve in this capacity while Secretary of State Marshall is in Washington to review international prob- lems with President Truman;

I Q

I Q I

of livestock are playing an import- Britain‘: battle ta close the dollar the first nine months of this year, ed three million two hundred thou- (twelve million eight hundred thou- sand dollars) from the sale of livestock abroad, according to Mr. A. G. Bottomley, Secretary for Overseas Trade. This was only three hundred and seventy-four thousand pounds (one million four hundred and ninety-six thousand dollars) less than the total for the whole of i947. Before the war the actual total was under seven hundred and fifty thousand pounds (two million two hun- dred and fifty thousand dollars.) During the whole of i947 farmers in Canada, the U. S. and other hbrd currency countries imported one mil;

Exports ant part in gap. During Britain earn

lion six hundred thousand dollars worth of pedi- grec U. K. livestock.

i

WDOOFPMQOMQQMQ

PUBLIC FORUM l

This column ls open to the discussion by correspondents of questions of interest. The Guardian docs not necessar- ily endorse the opinion uf correspondents.

‘I

LONGEVITY CANDIDATEG

Sin-Continuing the list of longevity candidates appearing in the Public FOFIIIII-Bll over 90-~ we now have the following names: Mrs. William Smith, Newton Cross, 9d. Mr. Donald MacKinnoil, North River. 9i. IVIIS- Sarah Tomlyn, summer- side, 95. Miss Elizabeth MacKcnzlraClmr- lottetown. 104. Mrs. Teresa Reed, Charlotte- town, 97. Mr. Thomas Creek, 92. I yvlsh to thank correspondenfis‘ for seiiding In the above names.‘ Yes, Id be glad to write a brief history cn the lives of our grand old veterans if enough of them can be mustered to make the vcriture worth while. so please keen sending them in to The Guardian. I Hm. Sir, etc.

“UNCLE JOEY‘.

Henderson, mag

l

, l

The ood l

l iR-OYBI Bank of Canada Monthly L .

etter)

' If . Erosion is the serpent in our food production garden. Over immense

areas of the world. precious top- 1 selecflve

It took ages to build up its balance between climate microbes. plants and trees.

Plloi-Oflraphs in our periodicals usually show the eroded lands or far-away countries, but even North America presents a dismal and foreboding sail-erosion picture. Ari estimate published last Spring said that every 24 hours erosion carried awsy the equivalent of 20') of the best lift-acre farms in the United States. In one month in I947. more than 115 million tons of topsoil in Iowa were swept away by wind and rain.

Vogt declares that American civ- illzalion, founded on nine inches

of this soil. Dr. Hugh Bennett of the U. S. Soil Conservation Ser- vfcedramotlzes the figures by saying that. if the soil lost annually by erosion in the United States were shovelled into omlnary rall- way gondola cars it would fill a train reaching four times around the earth at the equator. It may be going to build another Atlantis

CAT lN A GARDEN

Small, ginger cat, how we emulate

Your deep content, your talent for relaxing!

Stretched Oil the sun-warm step be- low our gate

You live for the moment. never overtaxlng

Your nerves. And yet. your wits ere not. asleep‘

For you are lightning-swift. in pounce upon

The nonclialant thrushes where the grass is deep

The over-confident robin 0h U"! lawn.

wold

Through chinks of agate eyes 101-1 noLlce still

Each nnovemeiit. In bobbing flower:

Yet practice your inimitable skill

Of befitting in the Present/s eunll‘.

our:

the grass: I

Whose beautiful splcmb no force con shetlerl

-Poullne llavnrd in the New Yet’: Tl

m PS r

l genoe of people lnwhole

isoll. In one southern state,

of topsoil, has now lost one-third"

f-‘untv exponent. of mind o'er matter.‘

WHERE

IS TIIERC TOGO NOW'

BUT UP

News lltnr- "r Bic oewuio seen - f Fan (‘ATSKIN COATS. _

m“. ?

for some future geologic upheaval to raise from the bottom of the sea but that is of little consolation to this generation or it: children's children.

Even Canada. as xvas pointed out in our Monthly letter of August, 1946- has n serious erosion problem affecting many places. Heavy drilling started in Saskat- chewan soon after the prairie was ploughed. Control tins been success- ful but so sporadic. says Vogt. that the total effect has been slight. On experimental farm lend at Ottawa, with a rainfall of I5 ‘inches in 4 months eight, tens o! e011 pm- aore were washed off e corn plot planted up and clown a 5 per cent slope, while 22 tons were lost off an

, 11 per cent ‘slope. In one hour on ll

June clay in 1946- a rainfall of 3

inches removed soil to the extent

of 72 tons per acre from a summer- fnllowed area on a l1 per cent slope. These records show the ex- tent. of the menace.

a a e

In addition to removal of soil, there is depletion of soil by .\\’8Sl'I- lng out needed chemicals. In Cer- tain parts of Florida and Loulslnfa. says Louis Bromfleld in his popular Malabar Farm chronicle of con- servation efforts. one can see cattle walking kngedeep in grass, with their ribs and hipboncs show- ing. while on the ranges of New Mexico and Arizona and western Texas, where n superficial glance reveals scarcely any vegetation at. all. cattle look sleek, heelthy and well fed. The difference is In the mineral content of the vegetation.

The growth, heath and intelli- reglons are effected by the extent to which vital elements are retained in the says Broinfield. where the soil has been badly leached by generations of "poor agriculture, the United States Service examinations

soil has been wholly or partl ll 1051. or is threatened with rcmilivnll 2:03;? caenrtejecfion record of neulyi l .

When we look at what ties hap- lpened on other continents we ace ithat the extractive farmlna pur- .sued by man has milked the soil and exhausted his environment. Soil erosion follows soil exhaustion. The early home of Chinese civiliz- nlion, it ls snid in Vanishing Lands .11 Bonk by Jacks and Whyte which did much to awaken interest In l corrrvritlan, now resembles e battlefield scarred‘ by forces for more destructive han any modern engines of, war. through which the ‘Yellow River transports an annual . load af 2.500 million tons of soil. Those who have read Pearl Buck's hooks know intimately the stniggle for existence of China's farmers, each on his tiny lot. China needs more of everything: 60 ‘per cent. more fats and oils, 321 lpet cent more fruits, fifty times the milk she now has, lust to reach n minimum standard of diets. Dur- ing the past century. says Volt» ii is estimated that I00 million peo- lple have starved to death in China. ; . Or lake India, A report to the lUnlted Nations says that in nor-

l

ulntlon, representing 100

i any kind. Contrasted 1 Canadian 194’! level of dolly calor-

ies, which was 3219. the average intake of a BTW? 0i South India was only

daily caloric villagers in

0&4

Old Charlottetown (And P. l. I.)

MILTON PIONEEBS

In looking over the census of 1798 of the Province as given in Campbell's History of Prince Ed ward Island. I find that. there were only two families recorded ln the Milton section of Lot 32, namely the Myers family and Conrad Younker and his wife Ruth Myers. Mr. Younker was a native of Hesse, Germany, and the Myers family had previously settled In New York State, \VllEl'E Mrs. Younker was born in July. 1782.-

During the earlier years of rhc nineteenth century other settlers located at. Milton, namely, the Moores about 1805; the Hooper: in 1808; then came the Coies and lat- er the Moresides, Aidridges, etc. The elder Mr. Moore on coming l0 the Province took up about six hundred acres of land and in 180i he returned to England to procure the necessary machinery for a saw-mill. He had the misfortune to have this property seized by an American privateer. On this return journey he was accompanied by .hls daughter Jone and tier hus bond, David Hooper. Mr. Moon.- iand his family having landed a‘. YSt. John's. remained in Newfound ‘land until the following year.

l On coming to Prince Eds-void Island Mr. Hooper located at Mli ton. an the site of the preseia. lAnglicisn reltory. The elder Cotes lfGeorge) on first coming here Jocated at Green's Shore, no». Summerside, where some of his older children ‘crere horn. On com ing to Milton llP look up a tract of about five hundred acres at ‘North Milton comprising the pres- Ient farms of the Misses Colee, J.I-I., A.B., GE. arid Leslie Coiee and the farm now owned by Mr. D. Robt. Hooper. it being the farm lot‘ Stephen Coles who later movcil ‘to Rustlco. The remainder of this land was settled by John, George and James, eons of the original George Cotes. Later arrivals in ‘North Milton were the Westicotte, lDriscols, Bolts and Wises. l On the Malpeque Road were lo- lcated the Crehbee, noted farmers [and nilllers. The stream earlier lknown as Myers Creek had at one ltlme no less than five grist mlllS I and saw mills located thereon. Olli ;er earlier settlers coming to Mil~ ton were the Johnstons of New ‘stead; the Halls of Klnworlh; Ur. I Lcdgett on the farm now owned by ‘Mr. T. A. Rodd: the Dadds on Mr. [Leo Blake's farm; the Curtlses oii .the present mill property of M; R. L. Coies and the farms now owii- ed by Thames Faster and William ivand Arthur Curtis. A Mr. Camp l bell was the original owner of Mr. W. H. Horne’: lend. D. R. Hoopcr, eldest son of David and Jan: IHWPH‘. was the first owner of ithe farm on which st. John‘; church stands. l —From an article ln The Guard- ‘lflll. Oct. 16, 1937, by the late Mr, Charles E. MacKenzie.

msl times 30 per cent of the pop- mllll0fl Ipcople, do not, get enough 100d 0! i Wllh "IQ

riiii Agc-liliiStory i

lult lurr, and she shell pm.

1700. and that of poo-r families in l mote thee, one mo“ m" "m,

a Madras suburb 180i]. i So much for the For East. ,to Europe.

countries imported

lhonmrr. when than dost embrace

Turn INI- Before the war mooil food - the 1 soorn AFRICA urns

United Kingdom to ttid- extent. of ' QTIIANDED MOBLEM!

50 per cent. i children now dig Boil from crevices with teaspoons and It to the fields: in the Va!

106k ' Cape Moslem pilgrims h! "égglheen stranded In Mecca for four

Germany. ‘to w wit.‘ . Greece 4o per cent. In the Balkans. 2

CAPEIIJWN. Nov. 23 —(CP) —

who have months will be redcued by l. British

roll washed into the valleys la clr- tahlp easrisnlssloned by the South

rled beck in baskets

.on farms. The oversea farm in!

Greece has 9 acres.

and realm‘! African govesnmeri

t. reached Jeddah, port to Mecca, in the

The 130 pilgrim nearest

l Africa cannot. support a in?“ i Egyptian ship Mler. They had been

population. It. offers, rays

only 20 million more sores

l

ulatlon. (To Ba Continued)