THE GUARD!

Authorised as-second Ulua Mail Post office Depuhnont. Ottawa. Tin Inland Guardian Publishing Co. L President and Anocllta Editor. In A Burnett.

Auocilto Editor. Frank Walker. cinoouu-ion ' 'Covcrs ri-inc. iwwua Island liko iii. dew"

a A

f'Tho Strongest Memory ll Weaker Thu - tho w.-am”: Ink". i3HAnr.oTrzTowN. WEDNESDAY, DEC. lo, 1952

Municipal iieveiiiie Problem

The reports of the various civic and mu- nicipal monthly meetings appearing in yes- 1erday's Guardian coveredavariety of sub- jects, but one common denominator was evident in the concern shown by all Coun- cil members over the problem of financing. That this is a matter of general concern to municipal authorities across Canada was apparent from the discussions at last week's executive meeting at Ottawa of the Cana- dian Federation of Mayors and Municipal- ities. Statements approved at this meeting were presented in the form of a brief to the Federal Government, in which the need for a comprehensive review of the functions and responsibilities assigned to the three levels of government in Canada and the present distribution of revenues accruing to them was strongly urged. '

It is suggested that a Federal-Frovinciab Municipal Conference be convened to study this question in all its bearings, and that in the meantime relief be given by the ex- emption of municipal purchases from pay- ment of the Federal 10 per cent sales tax, and by permitting full municipal taxation of all Federal crown property, or equival- ent grants in lieu thereof. M

Municipalities today are excessively de- pendent upon one single source of revenue -the real property tax. It produces, on the average, about 80 per cent of their available finances. With property tax rates at a record peak it is questionable wheth- or this source of revenue can be expected to produce any significant increase. Over the years, the municipal governments have obtained a measure of financial relief through the device of grants-in-aid of one kind or another from -both the Federal and Provincial Governments; but this proced- ure'can never be considered as anything more than a temporary solution to,the prob- lem. The grants have the effect of rele- gating the receiving government to a pos- ition of financial dependency. If municipal government is to survive as an instrument of local democracy, it must possess inancial resources equal to its responsibiliti .

This is not to circumvent the constitu- tional status of municipalities as creatures of the Provincial Government. as set forth under the British North America Act. It is essential, however, to recognize th changes that have taken place since Con- federation, in the new and onerous burdens which the municipalities have been called upon t.o shoulder, particularly since the end of the Second World War. In 1871, for example,' the urban population of Canada represented 19.6 per cent of the total pop- ulation. By 1951, that percentage had climbed to 57.3 per c'e.it. During the dc- cade 1941-1951, the urban population in- creased by 1,503,294 persons, representing ii 24 per cent jump over the previous de- cade. Even in this predominantly agri- cultural Province, the effect of the trend has been quite noticeable.

More people in our cities and towns means more municipal services. more mun- icipal employees, and more administrative costs. Yet while the aggregate revenues ac- cruing to both the Federal and Provincial Governments have moved steadily upwards and well beyond their equivalent 1930 doi- lar value, the increase in municipal rev- enues has been barely sufficient to meet their minimum expenditure needs, with no margin to finance undertakings which the needs of the time require, and which furth- er developments are making imperative. This is the problem in a nutshell, and it is one which presents- a serious challenge to -the country at'large.

Tiio Economic iiltiooit

Present prospects give little lndic ion of any major change in 1953 from the generally prosperous conditionswhlch pre- dailed this year, it was stated-at the Fed- eral-Provlnclal Agricultural Conference at Ottawa last week. There is some evidence that total capital expenditures will be at least as high as in 1952. .

On the other hand prospects. in the ex- port field are more uncertain. Due large- ly to exchange clfficultzles, sales to some overseas count:-lesore. n0t.1lkdy to be maintained ntntiie high ievein.-ar'1o52. Pre- gent ph suggest the mlitinuation 'of Q flt'in'mIrkot in tho Uniteil,-Btlta. For- um gig-Mi; igllkoly to remain firm for : D or ” astwhut. news-

C

0

However, export prospects for lumber are less fav- ourable. , .

production of western nations.

comes and production is expected for 1953. However, farm production as a whole may be lower if only average crop yields are realized next year in contrast to the 1952 record yields. Domestic requirements of food products will probably continue to grow with a gradual expansion. in pop- ulation and income. The domestic mar- ket will be supported by what promises to be a strong foreign demand for grains. It is anticipated that farmers' receipts in 1953 will be lower than in 1952 if grain fields return to.ave'rage levels and if grain acreages remain unchanged. However, in the event of a heavy carryover of the 1952 crop into the calendar year 1953, the sale of this carryover next year might well off- set other factors tending to lower the 1953 cash income.

Farm net income is also expected to be somewhat lower in 1953. There is little likelihood of any significant change in total farm operating expenses in 1953. Taxes and interest rates may average higher than in 1952 and depreciation charges may continue upward. On the other hand, fav- ourable harvesting conditions this fall will eliminate spring harvesting next year. Al- though the need for feed appears to be as great in 1953 as in 1952, there may be some reduction in prices. No significant change is anticipated for labour outlay.

If an average crop is harvested in 1953 stocks of grain held on farms at the end of the year will likely be substantially be- low those held at the end of 1952. This, when compared to increased year-end stocks of 1952, will also contribute to a net in- come somewhat lower for 1953.

EDITORIAL NOIES

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted four years ago today. I I I British Minister of National Defence. Viscount Alexander of Tunis, was born this date 1891. O

Premier Smallwood's large scale deals for the development of Newfouncuand are reminiscent in proportions, at any rate, of the great East India Company and our own Company of Gentlemen Adventurers trad-

ing into Hudson Bay. 0

The.Maritime Provinces Board of Trade is anxious to restore regional representa- tion on the Board of Transport Commis- sioners. The change over to a balanced board of assorted experts resulted in almost all being appointed from the central Prov- inces.

O Charlottetown's police force has been coming in for well merited commendation in the City Council. Chief MacArthur, however, is more interested in acquiring additional staff to take care of necessary assignments than in accepting kudos.

I I 0

Alfred Bernhard Nobel, Swedish en- gineer, died this date 1896. He studied the construction of torpedoes and marine mines at St. Petersburg and returned to Sweden to study explosives, particularly nitro-glycerine. He discovered and patent- ed dynamite, smokeless powder and other inventions. From these and from the Baku oil-fields he amassed a great fortune which he left chiefly for five annual prizes in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and service to peace.

Signor Franco Abbiati, music critic of a Milan daily, reports through UNESCO that the long-missing solo part of Pagan- ini's unpublished fourth violin concerto in D has been discovered among waste paper in Parma (Italy). Paganini is known to have finished this concerto in Germany in 1830, and it has since had only -one public performance. After a single public per- formance, the whole manuscript was lost. The orchestral parts of the concerto were found in Parma fifteen years ago.

0 O Q

Apsurvey of Canadian universities by the Engineering Institute of Canada re- veals that there were 2,865 first year stu- dents registered in engineering courses for 1952-53 as compared with 2,105 for last year and 1,874 for 1950-51. The percerlt- age increase last year was 14 per cent, so that there are approximately 50 per cent more students taking first year engineer- ing than there were two years ago. Total registration of engineering students this year is 8,230, which is slightly more than last year. However, the number of engin- eering students ln the graduating classes across the land is lower than last year. It is expected that ohly'1,357 will graduate in 1953, and probably fewer than that iin 1954. By 1955 there will be a small in- crease, but hardly sufficient, it is believed, to engineering jobs that Canada has

A moderate increase in employment, in- .

I

- THE GUARDIAN. 'Cl-IARLOTTETOWNV

Letis Wait And See Who Getsi It

WE'RE. BUii.i)iN6 A sum-oooveiz MODEL FOR ,SoMsBoov.'

-DECEMBER 1o. 1952

Four years ago. on the night of loch December-. 1948, delegates to the United Nations General Aa- sembly, meeting at the Palais de chaillot. in Paris, paid tribute to the Universal Declaration of Hum- an Rights which had Just. been adopted and proclaimed. They compared it with the Magnn. Outta. the American Declaration of Inde- pendence arid the French Declar- ation of the Rights of Man and the citizen. They spoke of it as having a moral value and authority with- out precedent in world hl.st.ory.a.nd said that in it was the beginning of 8. system of international law.

Now, after four years. we can make a more complex: estimate of the significance of this document. Is it merely a noble idea elaborated in dignified and sonorous prose? Or is it a document which is destined to leave its mark on human affairs and make a con- ti-tbutlon to the historic develop- ment of our time?

Perhaps the first thing to ob- serve is that today many more people know about the Declarat- ion than in December 1948. At that time. its contents were little known outside the family circle of the United Nations, few had heard of it and its text. had been published only in French and English. since then. the Declaration has been made available in some 46 langu- ages, through the activities of gov-

This column is indebted to Mr. Brian Cudmore. son of Mr. T. Roy Cudmore, for the perusal of an interesting relic of early journalism in this Province. It is a copy of the ”Weekly Recorder oi Prince Edward Island," dated Thursday, Nov. 25, 1813, and was formerly in the possession of Mr. Cudmore's uncle, Mr. Osborne Far- quhar. of Boston. a former resi- dent of the Island. Tl" newspaper, which measures 10 by 7 inches and runs to eight uncut pages. was published weekly by James Doug- las Bagnall in Charlottetown and sold for 15 shillings annually. It ran for only 3. few years (start- ing in 1811) rind it is unlikely that the subscribers ever numbered more than or” hun"red. I O 0

Published during the Napoleonic wars, the paper gives prominence to B. Proclamation by Lieutenant Governor Smith. streming the need of strict. precautionary measures in dealing with newly landed persons in the Island. "till it is fully as- certained that they are entitled to the liberties and privileges oil British Siibjccts. or those of her allies." All masters of vessels are ordered. immediately upon their arrival. to report to the nearest magistrate the names, destinations and places of origin of all per- sons coming as passengers on board their vessels. Doubtful cases are to be made the subject of further examination in Charlotte- town. ”Pci-sons disregarding these necessary Regulations will subject themselves to be treated as Spics.' I O 0

The issue also contains it Pro- clamation ordering that ”Spanlsh Dollars, limited to the amount of One Thousand, shall be cut at the Treasury. by having a circular piece taken out. of the centre of each-the Dollars so cut, are to be issued from and received at the Treasury at the rate of Five Shillings Currency each, and trio pieces so taken out to be issued from and received at the Treasury at One Shilling Currency each."

This was the famous "Holey Doi- lar" innovation. introduced to off- set.-”the serious inconvenience oc- casioned by the want of sufficient. circulating Medium in the Colony." For the purpose of inducing "an influx of the current. coin of the realm from other quarters." the Proclamation announced fixed pre- luma to be paid on all British coins received at? the Treasury. as well as on uncut Spanish milled dollars which were to pass for five shillings currency. As a fur-ther and more effectual remedy, it was in- timated that the Home Govern- ment would be requested to sanc- tion the adoption of a silver and copper coinage for the Island, of four shilling and two shilling sil- ver pieces, and of pence. halfpence

tively. O O O The news columns of the paper

deal chiefly with the Duke of

and far-thing copper coins respec-,

l :5

L Starr o-coo-one-Q-c em. . . so-Q-so-toes-co-av

Old Charlottetown . 1. Note: By The Way f.

(And 1'. E. 1. i .4 , u EARLY ISLAND PAPER 0n the subject of Chl'iS'Cl'IIIS seated in the living room, the

parties. we would like to make the observation that while it is a very fine thing for clubs to have par- ties for the children of their own members, it should be remember- ed that these youngsters are as- sured of a wonderful Christmas at home. Is it not a much more fit- ting gesture to give parties for kids who can't: be certain Santa will call at their house? A party for underprivileged children dem- onstrates the real Christmas spirit. -North Bay Nugget.

Congratulations to Senator J. W. DeB. Farris on obtaining his half-century mark in the practice of his learned profession-the law. For nearly 50 years Senator Farris has been a Vancouver resi- dent, landing of his energy and his wisdom to many good causes. He has served the people in pub- lic office -years ago as Attorney General in Victoria, and in this high office he made hs mark, now has his place in our political his- tory. His friends hope he has many years n which to practise his profession - and they prepare also to wish him a happy 74th birthday early in December.-Vam couver News l-lei-ald.

A new 'country, India would like to have a new calendar, and Prime Minister Nehru has ap- pointed a committee to study the matter. one of several committee members who regard The World Calendar as the best of all plans is Professor M. N. Saba. president of the Astronomical and Astro- physical society of India. He points out that India's indigenous calendars are in n. confused state. and the Gregorian system is un- scientiflcwl-le argues that The World Calendar would foster na- tional unlty, as well as being con- venient. India may become the pioneer in this reform. -Ottawa Citizen. ' Now I complete house is driven to the service station for gas and oil. Newest wrinkle in motor trans- portation south of the border is a vehicle that looks like ii. house. with picture windows in the front living room,.a roof. frame walls and windows. Inside is I self-com tained toilet, an eighty-gallon water tank, built-in shower. two double beds, a dining table, tr four-burner gas stove. when the house is in motion. the driver is necessity for adopting measures to remedy the defects of the Colony in other respects. yet. we apprehend the means within our power are not. adequate to full relief in such cases."

Then on now, the advertising

front. picture window serving as the windshield. The cost of the model equals the cost. of ii modest house in Fort William.-Fort Wil- liam Times-Journal.

President Truman says he ex-

pects Gcneral Eisenhower will continue the remarkable Wash- ington institution of the presi-

dential press conference. Unques- tionaibly it. serves there a good purpose. Ottawa, with the Prime Minister and his cabinet. members sitting in the Commons and available for questioning about seven months of the year, has no comparable need. -Ottawa Jour-

trous house fires - usually from overheated stoves or pipes in small homes where more often than not there are young children. It is difficult in such clrcurrutanccs to achieve complete safety and con- stant vigilance is the only real protection, -Ottawa Journal.

?ae&i&4.-am

.

FROM STANZM

Where forlorn sunsets flare and fade

on desolate sea and lonely sand,

Out of the silence and the shade

What is the voice of strange coin-

mand Calling you still, as friend calls , friend ' With love that cannot brook delay. To rise and follow the ways that wend Over the hills and far away!

Hark to the city, street on street A roaring reach of death and life . . .

rial cm of the former Italian colony of Somaliland within the United Nat.-

Tm, I, the "non M dlsug ions Trusteeship System. includes a statement of constitutional prin-

ernments, of the United Nations, and of Unesco.

Perhaps its greatest influence has been in those fields of national and international action where the United Nations itself has played 3 key role. In its short period of ex- istence, the world organlzationhas presided over the birth of several new States, and has helped a. num- ber of non-self-governing territor- ies on the road to independence. in such cases, the principles-and of- ten the texts-of the Declai-a.tlon's thirty articles have been of im- mense service to const.ltutlon-mak- ers arli others.

The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. slxtletli member of the United Nations, contains many of the provisions of the Universal

Declaration, some in the same words used in the Declaration. The Constitution of the newly

created State of Libya bears the imprint. of the Universal Declarat- ion in those sections which guar- antee the rights of the inhabitants of the new state. The same is true of the Constitution of Erltren which sets forth rights never ba- fore enjoyed under the protectiol of the law by the inhabitants of that territory. The agreement drafted to guide the administrat-

clples which reflect the basic prin- clples and scope of the Universal Declaration.

O O 0

During the past. four years, ll number of States have had oc- casion to revise or redraft. their constitutions. In the case of Costa Rica. Syria, El Salvador and Haiti, the new constitutions all show the influence. and in some cases actually reproduce the word- ing, of the Universal Declaration. A new constitution creating the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico was proclaimed by the Governor on 25 July 1952. '

This Constitution, written by the people of Puerio Rico. contain- ed many provisions guaranteeing basic civil and political rights, the right to participate in Government, rights to social security, freedom

Human Rights Declaration

(Unuco)

articles were based very close) 1 similar provisions contalxicd inyi1U,:' Universal Declaration. The close connection between the Unlversai Declaration - and the new con. stltutlon is set forth in ii note from the Government. of the United states to the secretary-Genemi or the United Nations.

0 O I

It is interesting to pbserve aim that i.he- Universal Declaratiorr has influenced important daemon, taken by International bodies op. 'aratlng outside the framework oi the United Nations. Iii November 1950, the Council of Europe opened for signature ii. convention design. ed to insure the effective enjoy. ment. by all persons residing with. in the territories of the contracting states, of certain of the funda- mental freedoms referred to in me Universal Declaration.

In the preamble of the Pear. Treaty with Japan, signed in 5,”; Francisco in 1951, ii; was decided that one of the purposes of the treaty wan to enable Japan ,0 "strive to realize the objectives of the Universal Declaration of Hum. an Rlglits."

National legislators have .13., been influenced by the Declaration in the legislative decisions they have taken. In March 1950 tlii Cimadianl Senate established l special committee to consider am report. on the subject of hum,” rights and fundamental freedomi centrelng their discussion

a. draft. Bill of Rights, .ixfei3,”'2,5 whose eighteen article! had in. same wording as the text, of in, Universal Declaration. After ex.

temllie h9N'11'18s.- the Committee

submitted a report which concludes

with the demand for a "grand and comprehensive affirmation or re. affirmation of human rights,- equality before the law and of security as a. philosophical founda- tion of our nationhood..." cm. bodvinz the principles set forth in the Universal Declaration. O O I

In 1951. a Bill was iritrodurr-cl into the British Parliament calling for a declaration of rights; it in. vokes in its preamble th Unlversaj Declaration in justlfical. on of tin proposed legislation.

Each year, since the adoption or the Universal Declaration. has brought new cases of Judicial (jg. clslons and opinions in national courts and in the International Court of Justice . in which liii Universal Declaration is cited.

It will be noted, then. that who its drafters had hoped for has act- ually been iaklng . place. The De. claration is ifelng used as a yam- stick by which to measure positive advances in the promotion nmi protection of human rights througt national constitutions. lnternritlon al instruments, legislative enact- ments and judicial decisions. It is keeping alert the members of the United Nations and the United Nations itself to their obligation: under articles of the Charter which make the promotion and protection of human rights one of the central purposes of the new Organization And in the actions of states and courts, it is proving itself to be, ai the Secretary-General of the Unit. ed Nations once described it. "1 source of law."

can-Q-on-Qiic-;9osQn-ea-.4 I K

The Age-iilii Story

rib?-Obsfe.-lsifx-)1-.t-mi-w.v -9

The Lord relrncth. he iii clothed with majorly; the Lord in clothed with strength, whcrcwlih he hath girded himself: the world also ii stnblished, that it cannot be mor-

of association and right to educat- ion. health and welfare. These

ed. Thy throne in estabimied oi old: thou art from everlasting.

PROFESSIONAL

CARDS

Gander & Haszord GILBERT A. oaunrrr. B.A., r.r'..n Barristers and Solicitors Money to Loan Canadian Bani: of Commerce Bldg.

And min in appointed strife: Hark to it calling, calling clear. Calling until you cannot stay. From dearer things than your own moat dear Ovcr the hills and far away.

in Out of the sound of the ebb-and-

flow. out of the sight of lamp d star. It calls you where the go d winds blow, And the unchanging meadows are; From faded hopes and hopes iigleiam, It calls you. day Beyond the du-k,.lnto the dream Over the hills and far away.

ICE”! you night and

cokumns contained many lterris of in crest. some examples of these will appear in tomorrow's issue.

-William Ernest Henley.

Wellington's victories in the Penin- sular campaign. Locally, public in- terest appears, to have centred on the Legislature, then in union. Governor smith was quite an auto-

House had .to walk war-ily. This is reflected in their cautious iip'- proach to the subject of public din- conientsln their Address in reply to the Speech from the Throne. which appears lnifull. "From the unfavourable representations. that your Excellency intimates, have been made of the internal state of the Colony," say: the Address, "we feel the highest degree of cat.- lsfnctlg in the ocknowiedgrnam your celiency has been pleased to exprcu of 1 contrary feollngtcm your part, and we ardently trust, that, undo! your ltxceiiei-icy'. win and unblued principles of justice. any laimii; lplrkl of political dis- auenilon my expire."

The Addrem nslurea his Excel- imcy that -"the new rnodelung of our llliiiliil Law shall have our prompt and early ntterit. ll wicll'u that relative to the 1-1 h- won; and although we fully coin-

to.o&f

cut, and the members of the Lower

lcoupfuirn pg .

J. A. McGuigun

BARBISTEB. SOLICITOB. Eh. NOTARY. Etc.

Currie Building

A. Wulrhen Guilder. LLB.

BARRISTEB. SOL! CITOII. Eh. I

Phillips Juliiiing Ill Grafton Street Money In Loan Collection

Mafiieson. Peak; 8: Nicholson

A. W. MATIIESON.

A. ll. PEAKE. B.A.. LLB.

Join: a. NICHOLSON. i.r.n.

Bur-rlltarl. Etc. Collection: - Money To Inn r to Great George street

F riottetgyn . Dr. A. L. Maclsooc ' " . nsnrirl Donhi-K-lb . CIJOIIA IIUILDIN . I'll Grafton so. Phone hi

oido-with your Excellency in urn, V

. nisunancn snnvrcia S

,.

PHONE 540 and 5412 131 comm str,

3 CHABIUHEIOWN, P. E. I.

i . ' . AGENTS '1'HRoUGHOU'I'.'l'HE pabvmcr: ,

iN.K. Ilcgors Agencies Lliiilteiij

Palmer 8: Hosicm A. J. HASLAM. B.A.. LLB. Barrister. Etc. Bank of Nov: Scotla Chamber: Charlottetown, P. E. I. MONEY TO LOAN

J. S. Taylor

OPTODIETIIIST Eyes Examined. Giana: Fitted Corner Kent and Queen Sta. Office Phono I956-lloun 1013 g,,g.:g..gm..g.gg,g,..

J. A. Corrufliers. ii.O.

OPTOMETBIST 123 Kent Street. Phone 2871 (Next M: Simpson's Agency)

Allison M. Gillis. LLB.

IABIIIBTEB. SOLICITOR. 595-

IM Richmond St. - Ciuriottetowv Pirong H00

1' Ciids. R. McOuoid;

IA. BABRIITIB. SOLICITOR-

NOVIAIY. Eic. lnhrn 'l'ruIt Buiiiilnl

'0ilAll.(7I'rlnTOWN PIIOIII. 1111

Iyron,J.'Grunt. O.D-

, .EI-rgl S. Noffing.-,

, v.s.. o.v:ii. JMAIJ; iumuu. PBAOTICB

iiI.I,lA Edwin! loud - Piioiii Iii

cniui-rrinn

. (opposite lance Hotel)

Roderic A. Large. 9-3

in... llonk 'i”"6if'.i "333-- I I A w Oinrlottzhwnif-1'1-L fuuu on" on: and 1'1"" . - Proportiu

H. It. ooanii. comauv ACCOUNT . W .

in (Iron mom cu,

RANDOLPH

y. MANNING. (LA. other office at

Halifax. Monoton. It. Jolirrt. Airiirorlt.

Ohrlottoto Phonon SQ! - ill? - In 10'!

- . 'rri'nsoN.C--A-t cum 9 Inc pnumwml

leimillo. uvorpool. New Glasgow and 'l'ruro.

. McDONAi.D. - .. oiuirrnm ummi. dueim. ' Iirirluna Ialio. Mouton ouno sin. Clariotuoowo.

(mun, hronmlzint Joiui,hs':iai-b I”... V

CIIIIII &, CO. Aoooorn-iiicrl woke, Vane-ou7"'. uhgplotloimvn. f -1-gigpiiono 195'

o