“its 7 s s ii

Etgléa-gifiéié‘

‘.. ...-_...’..._.ld»..-.-<@ nlfl45t.aopgfl“u ‘

FFdRMERs, sroc

D A .§i.S ~

NE WS’ Y

I

IIAGIIJQI‘

‘Moms *

WHAT IS MONEY?

Whoreuutlo is money good‘! Who ms it not lacks hmrdlhood.

Who has it has much trouble and

care. Whoonoelnshaditbudospok.

So says c. seventeenth century German poet. in words everlasting- ly tzue. A Senhcr Moreng of Lisbon Portugal, seeing that lie lacked the "hardihood" imparted by ti.e pnmcsslon of money, cudgellcdl his wits to find a remedy for that state of affairs. and succeeded only too well. as an Eiiiglisli cor- respondent informs me.

Almost. two years ago the Sen- hor approached Messrs, Wateriow, and English film who made a spe- ciality of printing bank notes, and alter presenting credentials, order- ed the firm to print. notes for the Bank oi’ lisbon to tire value of about three million dollars in our money. Warci-loivg.‘ printcdl the notes find lirliidsd them to Sciilior Marang, who thereupon withdrew

to his own country and quietly put "

them into circulation on his oivn behalf. It wasa Ginslderable time

before the Bank discovered the fraud, which Wns found out when rlmes with duplicated numbers be- Ban to come in, and rather than face a cormmercial panic by refus- ing to give cash for the spurious notes. they "sent good money after bad" and: paid for them when pre- vented.

Portuguese trade improved, of course, because the ‘inflation’ was made secretly. and consequently the pLQflC had more money with- out prices being raised against them. A ilery curious but eminent- ly satisfactory thing to the Portu- guese commonality, and even more so to the Smihcn- who quietly fad- ed from the picture.

The Bank, however. did not see the humor of the transaction, and sued Messrs. Waterlow 'l'cr com- pensation: before the English Judi- gw the whole question became "Did the Bank lose the full face value of the notes or only the amount covering the cost of the paper and printing?"

The Judge of the first court found for the Bank, for the full amount less the cost of printing. Waterlows’ appealed, and of the three new Judges two tlhought a million and a lull was due to the Bank-a sort of compromise- but the third said it was only entitled to the 00st of printing tlie notes. The cue was thereupon can-led to the lords-the highest court in the land. There three Judges decided that the Bank was entitled to the full three millions. while the other two were of the opinion that the cost of printing ought to satisy the claim. The Bank won and that was the end of the case. Nine differ- ent Judges held four different opinions as to what took place in the transaction!

The 10rd Chancellor said. in the course of the trial, that "while pa- per money lies in the vaults of a bank its value is only that of pa- per and prlntkul; but when it is taken out of the vault its value en- flmly olmnges.” My informant pro- femec to be puzzled at the how, when. and why of the change: but the Lisbon Bank is quite satisfied.

HULL-LESS OATS

In the firmer‘: page of The Guardian last. Saturday appeared o. short account of the Laurel hull- Iesc oat. As it happened I received a. suiall quantity of that out by the lu/me mall.

1t in a very remarkable looking Sill-ill: lust the berrlel, with no ou- W!‘ ‘W11. and uenltly it weighs liavler, bulk for bulk, than ulyotlwroatlycseernlamen- debted to the kindness of Profes-

A RAVEN’ n MARSHl-‘IELD J m. Ludlow JenUns. of Mordiftcld, While wilting to inform me that. Mr. Tuftfs

w June 19th (instearl- of

we liad two swallows build under tlieeavcsoftliebam,andasthey were protected they a-lwoyc raised a brood of thrice. Howover, the young never came hock to the old

ones did. not come. It would be in- teresting to know whether our swallows are decreasing or not.

MAGNESIUM ALLOY

The exploitation of the Dead Sea is coins w limduee some lin- portant results in metallurgy when industry catches up to science. l; have been reading up" m. account of the conditions and flora, etc, of that part of the world. and in par- ticular a/ri analysis of tile water; and what struck memost vats the fact that more than 26 per cent". of tlie analyzed water ‘were mineral solids, and more than half of the sciinis m; magnesium chloride.

Now, lntlgllcsium chloride was flriz wducecl to the metallic state about the yctu; 1800, but until very recently, from various circumstan- .. , its production was not oom- mcrcially profitable. and so the meta‘. was made in small quantities and had few uses. For years one iiczilrl of it only as flashlight pow- der in photography. In producing the metal, the magnesium chloride afte" being dried, is separated from the other components of the bruie. and fed into a steel vat. Herc it is subjected to intense ileat. and 9m electric current; the chloride is driven off as gas,‘ and finally the magnesium metal rims off in a. silvery stream, to be cast, into ingots.

In the search for alloys it has come to light tlizit magnesium when alloyed with certain other metals, develops such qualities a5 extraowllnary lightness, hardiness, and fatigue. wrosion and shock resistanm. as well as other proper~ tles which await exp7;._1on_ Mu. minlum, manganesacadmium, and

homestead, and this year the old

EM ll l 0 ll IN B‘ APPLE TREES

ecomposinc. supplies o. considerable quantity of plant food Applied to apple 63:66. sod, mulch has a decldely bcneflcal leffoot. as molatuna is conserved at a time in the season when itia uwcntbr required by‘ the trees. This. wmevber with the falrly lib- eral amount of plnnt food supplied by the dcooaipplng mulch material, creates n. very favorable soil con- dition whloh. under average con- ditions. will increase both yield and quality of mp.

In an eiqaerlment, conducted by the Dominion Experimental Farms. at Abbot-afoul, Que. mulched Fam- euse trees _ have produced annual crops. of well sized fruit for eight consecutive years. Unmulched trees of the some variety, in the slum block have remained biennial in btdring habit during this period.

Practically any kind of vegetable nuateillal such as straw. glass. gar- den refilse or even corii stalks lvlll make a satisfactory mulch. The materiel should be spread evenly over the ground . from about vwo feet from the trunk o! a. mature tree to at least a sunilar distance beyond the spread of the branches. The amount to be used will de- pend. to sCme extent, on the local conditions. In order to permit the trees to ripen and mature the wood. sufficiently early ln the sceason, to insure the maximum of winter hardiness for the variety. a muldl should be almost entirely decompo- sed. and no longer palble of oom- serving moisture. by about thefirst of August. On rolls well-supplied with essential numerals and high in

‘organic mower. relatively large

qualities of mulch material may be used, providing tile trees require it. On poorer soils. wllieie decom- position may be slower. relatively smaller quantities must. be used. In general, however, a, covering 0f

°°PPBr ane the metals used to pro- duce tile alloys. One of these al- 1oys-tlie composition of which is a trade secret-resembles elumln. ium but. is only two-thirds as hea- vy. A truck-trailer built of the al- loy was half as heavy as a similar trailer built of steel. Naturally the metal ls destined to a great future in aeronautics. r

At the plesetn time a. firm in Germany is the world's greatest producer of magnesium alloys, which are marketed as "Elektron" metal: the source of the mineral balrug the famous Stxasfurt. depo- sits. But the U. S. A. stands sc- cond, prcductng. the magnesium from brine, which however has s. magnesium chloride content of only 3 per cent. The Dead Sea. brine has Just five times this con- tent. mid is apparently inexhaust- ible. It appears that the Dead Bea. climate ls very unhealthy, and very few indeed of its early explor- ers escaped death from fever. This led to neglect of o. region "rich beyond the dreams of avarice”. which. since the British mandate is being rapidly Walled up.

THE ORDER ‘OF INSECTS

‘The Order Mallophaga is of spe- cial interest. to far-rulers because it comprlzes those "biting lice" which infect the mammalian live-stock as well as the poultry. feeding upon the haili- or feathers. The general dwcrlptlon of the insect ls: Body flattened, often hard; head large and flat; jaws usually toothed and pointed. The legs am strong, and tile front legs are sometimes used to convey food to the mouth. 'f‘he eyes are simple. This class of lice is usually called “Bird-lice!”

louse is known sdentlflcally as

OARTEIPS

June 5th, as as first arrangedi_ says that bird noted are warez; this spring. but than: a raven is mus. 111i some curiosity in the vicinity of Moi-oilfield. Several times Mr. Jenkins has been asked what the big black bird was. He reports both the white-crowned and the white- Qfiroamod in some num-

Blrd life is not very abundant in my own diotriotz. A few years ago. one could look out any fine mom- ins at this season. and see a flock of a dozen or more robins, hopping chain. the front field and. prospggt. ing for worms. Now I can count the flock on one hand. The crows are increasing, and there are num- hers of gracklcs. and it is due to these determined nest robbers that the robiris are "dying out“. A note in the prom says that the pe0ple of Amherst are Waging war 0n these birds. after seeing them eating the robins’ eggs. Alas, we “let things slide.” and will only wake up when it is too late. An effort should be made to keep down these birds by destroying the young in the nests: if the eggs are destroyed the crow or grackle will only go somewhere else and lay more. By allowing the eggs to hatch, the bird loses time!

For the second year in success- ion. a robin, bralnler than l1.? unnpanlons, has built hei- nest In- side the wagon shed. on the lin- tel. Just above the door. Bhc is safe from everything but the squirrels. If the roblns can learn to trust to man's protection, they may yet survive.

The other mnsllet birds observed. are the vecper, chipping, my

SEEDS GROW

SEED OATS

SEED HARLEY FIELD PEAS VETCHES

BUCKWHEAT FODDER CORN

And

A full stock of FIELD and GARDEN SEEDS from the best. and most reliable INWQ" in ENGLAND. CANADA ind UNITED STATES at our SEED STORE, QUEEN STREET. and sold by over 150 MERCHANTS in P. E. Island.

- MAIL ORDERS promptly attended to. If you did not

gel. one of our SEED CATA- LOGUES ask for It.

Garter & 0o. Limited

mice-crowned sparrows but than n- mi iuntuu re some

about four inches of straw. 0r its equlvelcnt in other material, is sufficient. If thelmaterlal for mulching mus-t be hauled in. the best time to apply itia in tflie early winter, preferably after the snow- fall. when trarnped into the snow it will. not. as a. rule. be disturbed by

the ground. In this condition. de- composition starts quickly and the material vrlll remain moist. thr- oughout the season. rarely if ever

dry enough to constitute a. fire hazard.

Where grass. or other vegetation. is cut. in the spaces between the trees and used for mulch. the. first cut-ting should be made early in the season. certainly not later t/ba-n, the middle of June. and the material applied wltltl¢ moist and green. The next cutting should be delayed until! the terminal buds have fon- niedonthenewgrowthentlhetrees usually about the middle c! Aug- ustlf mulch is applied dams the middle of the summer. tree grown may be unduly prolonlstd and ser- ious winter injury result

Menopon pallldum; it has several local names, as “Feather” t": “Fowl-louse!” ‘llhere is a “La-Vile hen-louse" (M. biserlctum) which is about one-eighth of an inch long-twice the sine of the common lien-louse. (The Anoplura it will be remembered, are the sucking lice" infecting humans),

Several interesting bulletins have been published by authorities on these varieties of lice. and may be had cm application to the Domin-

Ycu can plant com every weak this month to be sure of n. succ- carton.

Get all the tender annuals plant- ed. This la the season when they will spin as soon astihe hot sun gets in its work

All seedlings should be moved from frames and boxes into the open ground at once before they become tnolnrge to move easily.

Top dress the lawn with bone meal oi- mlier commercial fertilizer. ing dry hot weather.

Keep on sewing carrot: and beets. You will need them later.

Keep the spray handy and take a. shot at all bugs that show them- selves.

Let the asparagus start Brawl“! up. It doom-rt pay to cut it to late in the season.

Keep‘ the pods nipped on the sweet peas. They will stop bloom! if needs form.

You can still plant oucumbe

the elrlier ones.

we]: them lnwliere the blue have’

Attmd u. culling menu mo.

lrock cress.

OANIEIUIY Illlnl

fight diycfbliennialc. whlohuo pln-nfothatrmlstbestuaod froth fmmaecdeveryyuurmkevpthau lnsvocknistiheyblocnitheirncond

year and then die. Fbllsloves and

es: bbennula-ls and two cf the most beautiful subjects. While frvquant- ly grown together. they like soils of entirely different chm-acne!‘ to be at their best.

‘The ccnterbury bellfa/vors a. lime

Biiennid-ls itllllGardens Need

Bansgudmanarotmrbmdto

Canterbury bells are the comlmon- all

soil while the foxcfcve luirurlates lfl/fB-ISQ fresh 918ml‘- Wch 7°"-

curlers. pllnt.

two blcnnluls now to have bk to store in cold frames fur ylnter. the 01119’ "in? 5939 w‘? - w“ oertlln o! iicviiis than N winter kill badly in some sec- , being unable to stand winter fleet]! hardy no

Amther biennial which is slow- ly growing into favor because of 14-! snugly grace. ions a. favorite in mgllgl. gardens, is the mulleln 0r verbasciun. The stately 8P!!!“ °4 light yellow and pure white bloom an beautiful as sbgtdy detphinhuns. The ruullelns bloom for 91° Swill/E!‘ W41 ‘l! m9 nmimer. Once you have them 11W flllwfly; have them ac the ale free seeding and their dlief dud-Whack is u», necessity of iioeliig up mvriw o! young mulleins each infini- However. they m we“? WWW‘ o: plant as one swipe of the hoe fin- ishes them.

A miiileln for tile ml. surden is g perennial. ‘mic is the Phoenlcn-u mullein which has dark green corr- ugated leaves lying flat on the F‘ Olllld and all? spikes “f bltonl {W more than l8 inches utmost. in pinks. flash and "purple tones. It is a plant. for B. shaded involve or the rock garden where its rosettes U“! gnacedull spikes are very Omwlem‘

n. Sweet William is another biennial although it is not so true- ly biennial in character as the fore- going plants as often it will live for several seasons. 1t ls best. 110W- ever, to treat it as abiennlal and

Rock gardening has assumed a position of such lmwrllinw that consideration of anunals tic main- tain color dulng the summer mon- mm l; a question dfgarden efficien- cy. m- tlie most part. ma 8101'!’ 0! the rock garden has departed by the end m’ June. The great race of plants that zlequlre rock 811111911 gmmanl, fog their best success are spring bleachers. By flhe 111111610115 use of annuals of short and tufted growth color may be maintained dill-mg the entire season.

Oare mlust be taken not to 1n- trodluce too heavy smiling wmlflk which might smother soane of the me;- perennial salbjecfts. Seed should be sown fairly late ln the spring by merely 54103411118 1i‘- 0n bare patches among tihe rock plants. First in inlpcmtanoe of these tin!’ plants in pcmular esteem is the tiny J01 psldum aca/ule. a. dime inch mlniture with lovely lillac flowers. It comes into bloom quickly and goes out quiokly- A supply of seed to scatter every 110W and then will be useful. California. has given us a number o1 b11811‘

Poultry Husbandry

(Continued)

Good results are usually obtain- cd by the use of a light at night

Rock Garden Annuals

little annuals for the rock garden. and mtg o1 the prettiest and best. lmownoif tiheee is baby blue eyes 0r ncvnophila.

The old fashioned pczltulaco or rose more makes 9- RIDFiEB-msl?! effective plant scattered between the stones in a walk, particularly if m‘; i.“ crazy paving style. It is M20 useful on the hottnst and portions of the rock 831mm-

A little jewel is the leptosiphon giving a. variety of bright ctilorlrlfl mslzenndgrowthin keeping with rock plants.

The vlolas raised from seed. aspa- elmly those of the crawls W! oofnutg types, will bloom 1M6 in the season from 8914M 87W" 399d “d may be uged to produce fine color effects in the rock garden. Some 0! the dwarf paw: drllilnllondi may be introduced to give a brilliant. splash 0f color. Nlereznbergla. 55 mother excellent plant.

Bedxuns are rook 81116" Bwldb?“ and the ‘little armudl sedum. 8- coeruyewn, with a wealth of blue bloom ls deserving of a choice 111MB among the rock Pkmlfi done four or five times a clay and the chicks should be allowed to haw all they can eat, in from ten to fifteen minutes. After each meal remove all feed. so the. the chicks will be hungry for the next meal when it comes. ' ‘

in the broader. This light must not be too sxong, not more than 10 watts. just enough to enable the chicks to see there way about. They will then continue feeding during the night. and the increase in food consumed will result in more rapid growth, This, a1 course, only applies during early hatches. as later chicks get enough exercise during the day.

All drinking fountains should be carefully disinfected, and alter be- ing filled should be placed in the brooder so that the water may be warm before the chicks come to it. Sour milk. 1f obialnabie, is a. good drink for the chicks. and this is best served in earthenware or wooden troughs. as the milk very quickly contaminated by ‘not- al containers.

It sometimes happens that chick; get overheated while on rail, an when this happens there is l. chance of them getting chilled wheg they are unloaded. It is well the to meet the chicks when they ar- rive, and get them into the brood- er as soon as possible. when the chicks are being unpacked lt is well t0 dip the beak 0f each chi it into the water trough. They be thirsty after the journey, a d may take a. long time to nnd c water if left to themselves-

Just prior to leaving the sh l1. ucl-i chick draws in a large sup ly of food in the form ol egg y lk. and great harm may be done by feeding the chicks before this t- ural food has been assimilated. lva plenty of water at all time: but do not be in a hurry to feed. and ed vary little at each meal. A ery good method of starting the ch cks is to cover the whole floor of he broader with newspapers, on w lcli is scattered some fine chicken rit. This will ensure the presence of grit in the glzurd before the ar- rival of any food.

The best food for the chicks ts the best chick feed that money can buy-nothing less. Feed a really good brand of chick starter in the manner described for grit. 3nd the chicks will soon be putting i. away like little men. Feeding should be

make ‘Mll growth, particularly de-iphtnlllms and dahlin.

Got. iii all the perennial seeds now. Ncthinl is untried by delay and their growing ssoson is none to

orig.

You can plant sweet. alynum, canrlutuft. and dwarf mnrtgolds for edgims still and get bloom the greater part. of the winner.

Get your bedding plants properly Rpnced and thin them by pinching icut stnggly stems. It will help a lotlngetttngu. ftncmus ofbloom.

“onion is a perectiy wonderful tonic

On the third day place hoppers, filled with feed in the broader Gradually the chicks will get used [to feeding from the hoppers. and lwhen they do the feeding on paper may be discontLnued. {- There is everything that a. chick requires in a high grade chick starter, and this includes green deed. However, after the first ten ‘days very good results will be ob- tained by adding some finely choir‘ ped raw onion to the diet. Feed the onion for ten minutes twice a. day or for twenty minutes once a day on clean boards or papers, or in hoppers. Never have any feed about to get stale. Although it dues not seem to be known Benerally. the

for chicks. Onion prevents both the extremes of constipation and diarr- hoea, and keeps the chicks right up on their toes.

There are some poultry men who swear by the use of charcoal in the chick feed. but while we agree that. charcoal does certainly have a purifying effect on the system by absorbing gases which are gener- ated in the intestines we do not _thlnk that this claim can iusttfy us "in filling useful space in the chick- cnl interior with material of no nutritive value. A hopper of sharp grit should always be avafable to the chicks, and some finely ground charcoal mly be mixed with this. While the charcoal may do no per- oetible good it certainly can do no lmrm.