THE GUARDIAN

towers hind IOIHO Ci Ila & Dow” puuissut ovcy cosh-In runes us n-nu In-ea. can-lottsbwl. P.l.I. b is II-has I44. as Q! H. I. hlilh uugngi can, mwvufvrlw Ihves nu sinus. hush ilusu General IIIIIC. Ian A. human Dally Nswnlou Puhlf&rs Aida Member of the (hue Press Iunher Audit bureau of circulations u Branch offieu nl Biulslnsride. Manuals and Alberta: AuLhorlI&as5ocil1lnsInIlMDoPol(lEa Dspnnllict. Ottawa. lntlouwi. Summursido 815.00 per sn- IIP. l.I.0.00. other Provincessnl

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The Realm Of Canada

For some years now, and espec- ially in the last two or three years, there has been a lot of hemming and hawing in official circles over the question of this country's proper designation within the Common- wealth. The word "Dominion" is still used now and then, but it is fast go- ing out of favour at Ottawa, pre- sumably because it seems to rep- resent something not commensurate with the country's importance as a sovereign state in its own right. As yet, however, the Government has not authorized any replacement for the old and once honoured title, nor has there been any official intim- ation that one is being sought. It is, admittedly, a sad state of affairs. A report from Auckland says that N ew Zealand is having similar trouble; but, unlike our own Gov- ernment, the Government down un- der is making plans to clear the mat- ter up once for all.

The main difficulty, of course, in both countries is to find a tag which will cover the fact of full sovereignty and, at the same time, emphasize the Commonwealth relationship. After pondering the situation most

. carefully, so as not to offend against constitutional proprleties, someone in the New Zealand Government de- cided to take a second and searching look at the formula adopted when Elizabeth the Secondlwas proclaim- ed Queen of New Zealand: "Eliz- abeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and her other Realms and Territories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth". Obviously the of- ficial decided, New Zealand is not a Territory; it must therefore be a Realm. So, that is the designation the Government has in mind and which it will recommend to Parlia- ment in due course. What could be simpler or more appropriate for Canada as well as for New Zealand? "The Realm of Canada". It sounds good; and it is so much in keeping with the constitutional reality of the situation that it is hard to see how any one could find fault with it.

World Agriculture

The agricultural production of the world, excluding the Soviet Un- ion and Peoples' Democracies, was

Loosing aneau, FAO considers some of the main weaknesses in the agricultural situation at present to be: failuregof consumption to in- crease with production, leading to the emergence of surpluses in a number of countries; the rigidity of production p a t t e r n s preventing rapid response to shifts in demand: the stagnation of world trade in agricultural products; and the low level of farm incomes in relation to incomes in other occupations.

Moving Glaciers

Is the climate in this part of the world getting warmer? The general opinion among lay folk, an opinion cautiously shared by weather scien- tists, is that it is. Various species of fish, which in the past used to stay in tropical waters, now range as far north as Greenland. This fact, to- gether with shorter winters and less severe frost, would seem to indicate that the weather is more kindly than it was, say, forty or fifty years ago. Whether the change-if change there be--is going to be permanent or just a diversion no one seems to know, and scientists don't like to predict too far ahead. However, news brought back recently from the mountains of the North Pacific region by a group of meteorologists is not particularly reassuring.

For the first time in more than a hundred years, their report goes. glaciers on some of the mountain ranges are on the move southwards. Some are travelling very slowly, so slowly as to be almost unnoticeable; others are going forward at the rate of 300 feet a year. The importance of this information is emphasized by the fact that for a century or more glaciers have been going back fur- ther and further into their north- ern haunts. Naturally, weather men are beginning to wonder if perhaps they have been fooled by all the talk about milder winters and warmer water; they have even begun to speculate on the possibility of much colder conditions in the not distant future. I

It would be tempting to suggest that perhaps the earth is due for another ice- age. That, however. would be an unwarranted specula- tion; for the scientists say that for several hundred years, prior to the beginning of this century, there were alternating periods of glacier advance and glacier retreat. Per- haps when the meteorologists return to their mountains a year from non they will find that the little move- ment they detected this summer was, after all, a mere interlude in a warming-up process. And perhaps not. In any case, ice-ages don't de- velop overnight; so we of this gen- eration don't have anything to worry about in that respect. It may be just as well, though, pending fur- ther information, not to be too surc that the weather is getting milder and milder all the time.

more than 25 per cent greater in l954 than in 1946-47, reports the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Twent.y percent more rice, milk and cotton is being produced than before the war, about thirty percent morewheat, fats and meat, fifty percent more fruit and sugar. and eighty per cent more rubber, not counting synthetic rubber. The FAO Report lists the main rcnsovis for this big increase in production: onr is that the widepread adoption of farm price supports and oflicr mons- ures to stabilize farm inromcs hsis given farmers the cnnfidcncc to grow more food;.another is that the last decade has seem a rapid develop- ment of the land and water resour- ces of the underdeveloped countries, whose growing industrialization has helped to increase and diversify the demand for food and agricultural raw materials.

Another factor in this large pro- duction increase has been the scien- tific revolution in agriculture and the successful application of new techniques to crop and animal pro- duction through the more rapid spread of agricultural knowledge,

. particularly from the more to the less advanced countries.

Against this background I of greater abundance, however, the Report, states that in many Far Eastern and in some Latin Ameri- can countries the consumption of food per person still remains below the very inadequate pi-e-warp levels and that generally over large parts

EDITORIAL NOTES

The 73!) officers and men who have returned to this country from service in Europe did not return as war heroes. All the same, the Wel- come they receive should not lack warmth on that account. In stand- lng guard against possible aggres sion and in the daily routine of mill lary life they have made a real con fribution to the security of Canad: and of the whole free world.

0 O O

The visit of representative citi- Acns of St. Picrre et Miquelon wa: mosl welcome. Since we are neigh- bours and they are our customers in farm products, it is only right that friendly relations should be encour -aged. Canadians who relish some thing different in vacation travel would find the French islands satis- factory in every way. Those who have been there speak most highly of the hospitality accorded them. I '

O O I a

Scottish concerts have always been popular events in Charlotte- town. An unusual treat is in store

the entertainment which is being presented at Prince of Wales College hall by the Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts of St. Anne's. Capr Breton. The feature performers wil

be a celebrated junior pipe band of the neighboring Province. and there will be choral and group singing as well as dancing and pipe music ga- lore.0ne does notneed tobe or ftkhland origin to appreciate rous- ing entertainment of this kind-but

I welcome "ii , sI,6Nf.'.

A PRESSINC-3 NEED

tonight and tomorrow evening in-

PUBLIC FORUM

ran column I.s IDII to the (Issue slun hy nnrsespnudsnls of gun

of Interest. The Guardian loss Isl Iusesslrily undone the uphill 0! sorresnondrnts

DRAMA FESTIVAL SUPPORT

Sir,-I have read with interest the various reports and articles accompanying the auvertisement of the Prince Edward Island Drama Festival Association and would like to commend the worn- en's Institutes for initiating this Association and congratulate all, who have been and are now con- nected with the Association, for what they have done and what they are doing. It is my sincere hope that their membership drive will be highly successful, so that they may be in a still better posit- ion in further Drama in our Prov- ince.

It should be remembered that this Association is not just a local affair. hul is Province wide. The Association has already given Scholarships in order to promote Drama in the Province. If it is successfiil enough in the future, it might eventually be the means of obtaining a trained person to leach Drama in our schools and in our comniunilies. This step, I bel- ieve. would he a real start to- wards pulling Prince Edward Is- land on a par with other Prov- inccs in Canada. insofar as Drama is concerned which it is not, to- day.

So, let us get behind this As- sociation, not only financially, but physically. By that, I mean that there should be more groups enter- ing plays in lho Association Fest- ival. I know there is a general and perhaps natural feeling that, "Oh. we can't compete with this group, or that group." But how

do you know until you try? Or. even if your first play is not of Festival calihrc. ymi will have lots of fiui. ucl some valuable ex- perience mid li.'ivr- the satisfaction of provirluu: some entertainment in your coniniuiiiiy.

Dominion Drama Fcsfival, at its final lfwllvill, chooses the best play prnrlui-ml in all of Canada. each your Tlin cirzlif. full-lcnglli plays. imuvzl to take part in this Festival arc I'lltNf'll from the best play-N proilm-rd in Regional Fest ivals. Prim-o l”.rliv:ii'il island con siifuics our of the Rcrzions. bill fhr Regional ('i-iiiiiiillcc sccnisfio havi- trouble In fiiul llircc cnlrics, which are rcqiiirvd l'il('ll vmr, in ordc to hold .1 l"i-sliizil mill to mriiiifnv our slnfus as :i licizion The com milk-c is. flinrr-foi'c. n;irficiil.'-irli interested in li:ii'iiuY more lir.'irn' groups dcvvluncil on the island which would. v-vcnfunllv, hm-p pnl rics in l'icr'.inii:il Fcslival.

I think llml if would ho loo hail If we could iinl continue as a Region of Dominion Dramn Fest ival and not he able in comm-in wlfh lhc rest of 4"in.'lII:v We lmvp had some vcrr r-rcdilnhln nlnvc Cnicrcd in Fiii:-I my-slivnlc rind. If we survive as n Region. I believi- We will sonic rlav. rnmo up will- ! winncr

l'.r-f if no! he snill lh.'v' tho lcl.in:' l "mild nnf luv-n up with Hm pm- of (Vuvuln r)...- ;",,.,,,,.- 1,, "V. Prlnrc F.divnrd Tclnnrl Dram- Fostlwil M-cm-inlinn may mm" ",5 siirvlvnl of nor rr.-Mum... in "V. Dominion Dr:im'w fin!-1

I am Sir. clc. .l.A. LAWSON.

The Age Old Story

And Mi).-u-s sail. unto God. Be- imld. when r-omr unto the child- ren of srael. and shall say unto them, The God of your fathers hath sent me unto you: and they shall any linio me, win; i, M. name? what shall say Info them?

TIE A L00?

C If you wrr-sllr wilh the hose of your tank vacuum cleaner to gel. it In the bottom of a closet. try this. Tie a strong string nd the middle of the hose and make a

loop. Hang loop of the string on a stout hooli installed about five , feet up Inside the closet door.

A Living Legend

London Observer

The appearance of Dr. Albert Schweitzer in London is something more than an event: it is a glimpse of a legend, surprisingly embodied in a living man.

When the Queen invested Dr. Schweitzer with the Order of Merit he became the tenth ociogcnarian in that eminent order. He is in many wayg. more remote than any of his contemporaries.

The handsome and rugged sage, with his immense while moustache and unruly hair, isolated in Equa- torial Africa, dividing his time be- tween healing leprous Africans. playing Bach on the organ and writing the philosophy of civiliza- tion, is a symbol of the idealism of the last century. But he is also engaged in one of the most active frontiers of modern society-the frontier where Europeans and Afri- cans meet.

The saga of his personal life is one that has deeply moved sever- al generations in Europe. its fas- ci ” lies in its unusual " - tlon of originality and wholeness

Born in 1875, he was brought up at Gunsbach, in Alsace, where the cultures of France and Ger- many meet, and the influences of the Catholic and Protestant faiths mi ' in unusual tolerance. His father was the local Protestant pas- A for, well known for his preaching The family was deeply musical: both Albert's grandfathers were well-known organists.

CHILDHOOD YEARS

As a child Schweitzer was un- usually passionale: he records how he was kept awake by the memory of a man beating an olc. limping horse, and was worried by the misery of the world.

At the age of nine he was play ing the organ for the village sci vices, but his other gifts developei more slowly: he never suffered the isolation of a child prodigy, and

his brain was matched by a power- ,

ful physique. With all his intellec-

. lual attainments, he has always

retained the toughness and sim- plicity of the peasant.

Discipline and concentration. added to his natural gifts, earned him a brilliant academic career.

-. Everything he touched he did su-

prcmely well. At Strasbourg; he studied the ' , and took his doctorate with a thesis on the religious philosophy of Kant. in Paris. he studied organ music

I under Charles Marie Widor, one

of the areal musicians of his lime, and eventually surpassed his mas- for in the interpretadon of Bach.

llul in this flood of early success, Schweitzer remained preoccupied with the suffering of others. At 21 he made his famous decision - Lhaf he would live for science and art until he was 30. and thereafter would devote his life to serving humanity.

BRILLIANT CAREER

By the age of 30. he had become of of the foremost authorities Bach and on the building of organs; principal of the theological college of St. Thomas' at Strasbourg; and a doctor of philosophy. He was lcccpled as one of the outstanding intcllecls of his time. I

with Dr mlnence in his chosen fields of activity assured, he hop! to his resolve. Responding to an appeal from the Paris Missionary Society for doctors to arm In Africa. he resigned his principal- Ihln and embarked on s seven- yeargcourse of medical sfisdlesz during this time. he preached every 3Unday. gave organ recitals. and published his Important biography of Bach. his theological Quest of the Historical Jesus. and an edi- tion of Bach's organ works.

Those seven years were. he says, the most strenuous of his life. In lfllz he took his medical doctorate.- wmi a thesis on the surprisingly

and philosophy, I l

barene. He set about building his hospital at the edge of the damp disease-ridden tropical forest. When war broke "out the next year. Schweitzer, as a German citizen, was interned but later he was allow- ed to continue his work at the hos- pltal.

LONELY LIFE

It was a lonely life and a de- dicated one. Lamharene was a world of its own, with Schweitzer at its centre, partiarch of a com- munity as hierarchlc and as simple as that of some legendary phil- osopher-king of ancient times.

In the intervals from surgery, building, administration and preaching, he began work on his "philosophy of civilization": he describes how. making his way on a barge through a herd of hip- popoiamiises, he came suddenly on the phrase "reverence for life". which was to become the corner- stone of his philosophy, summing up the compassion which had gov- erned his decisions.

”Reverence for life". he wrote. ”demands from all that they should sacrifice a portion of their own lives for others”.

For the last 42 years. Scheweil- r.er has spent most of his life in Lambarene.wi th occasional visits to Europe to see his family, and to play and record organ music to earn funds for his hospital. Last year. just before his 80th birth- day, he travelled third class from Gunsbach to Oslo to receive the 12.000 pound Nobel peace prize.

In the isolation of Lambarene, Schweitzer has remained untouch- ed by the changes that have been wrought in Africa around him. When he first dedicated himself to serving Africans, he said: "Any- lhinrz we give them is not benevo- lencc but atonement." it is in this iiiguificd moral attitude that he IIVDS among ism to this day.

The Unsilenl Deep

Ndlclsnl GOIIIPQIIIB Society

In the. not-so-silcni depths of the sea. noisy fish often make quite a din.

Some fish cacklc. Others yowl. Still others wiiecze, honk, bark, groan, or snore--and .ccasionally sound lll((' coal sliding down a chute or heavy chains being drag- ged over a wooden floor.

Whether fish actually "talk" or merely make nicaninlzlcss sounds, listeners are still unsure. But scien- ce pays incrc;-isinl: hood to what can be heard in the deep.

Marine biologists, lowering their hydropliones 100 miles off Bermuda recorded an astounding cacophony of moans, whistles, bleals, and buz- zes. Similar auditions have been made all over the world. From the Iludles. many.spociuc fish noises have been identified.

OCEAN BEDLAM

Schools of snapping shrimp, by clicking their claws together. sound much like fat frying, twlg's burn- lag, or in large numbers like a loud buzzing snore. A deep booming may be the call of groupers. A drum- fish's drumming is more rapid, ear- ning the nickname "thunder pum- per" for the freshwater drum.

Toadflsh growl a low but loud sole much resembling a subdued wesmhost whistle. Various trian- flshes hiss, rasp, grate. or almost hark. Til! lfllllll. to produce their

, distinctive sound. smash their teeth

ether.

srly in World War 1, as sub- marine sound defectors first came into wide use, many a depth charge was dropped on a hapless school of fish or even on an occasional whale. It became vital to find out what these sound were that the sea normally holds.

The Navy mmil. well have look. ediuloltsownrecordain Ill s Idantensnt John White reported Tearing underwater Inunds la the River Cambodia (Mt......... .. Que. hh chins-sane mm notes hum s dteptoned organ. other of bells, annulus truss. or the Ivan: of I has harp.

Medically Speaking

I1 llermss N. Iundesen. I. D.

DIET wrru AID oir won Does sugar have s place in I reducing diet? You bet it does! Sugar, you see. actually hell)! you get ride of fat. When you reduce. you literally are burning fat. Without a sugar intake. the fat will -he daily consumed and the P0130"- ous waste products will flood your system. dlilofflni 113 b0d&'l functions sud causing acidosis.

TO BUILD TISSUE You not only want to burn fat, but you also want to build up normal tissue! This requires the help of protein. We know that more protein is available for tissue building by your body if your diet. also in- cludes carbohydrates. Cousequently, altho ugh you may consume large quantities of protein, a good portion of it will not be used for tissue building unless you take a little sugar, too. A reducing diet, therefore. must include a little sugar s well as increased milk and m 2 al- lowances, to enable those valu- able proteins you eat to be used for constructive purposes. Jelly for your bread or toast is an ex- cellent way of getting this needed sugar.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

w. it: Can any disease other than rheumatic fever cause I child's sedimentation rate to go

Answer: Yes, many infectious diseases can cause the sdimen- tation rate to rise.

TIIE SHEEP FAIR The. day arrives of the autumn

11'.

And torrents fall,

Though sheep in throngs are gath- ered there.

Ten thousand all,

Sodden, with hurdles round them reared:

And, lot by lot, the pens are cleared

And the auctioneer wrings out his

beard, And wipes his book, bedrenclied and smeared. And rakes the rain from his face with the edge of his hand, As torrents fall.

The wool of the ewes is like a sponge

with the daylong rain:

Jammed tight. to turn, or lie, or lunge,

They strive in vain.

Their horns are soft as finger-nails,

Their shepherds reek against the

rails. The tied dogs soak with tucked-in fails, The buyerst hat-brims fill like pails, Which spill small cascades when they shift their stand In the daylong rain.

W ho "Going----going l "